1,475 research outputs found
On the Coulomb-dipole transition in mesoscopic classical and quantum electron-hole bilayers
We study the Coulomb-to-dipole transition which occurs when the separation
of an electron-hole bilayer system is varied with respect to the
characteristic in-layer distances. An analysis of the classical ground state
configurations for harmonically confined clusters with reveals that
the energetically most favorable state can differ from that of two-dimensional
pure dipole or Coulomb systems. Performing a normal mode analysis for the N=19
cluster it is found that the lowest mode frequencies exhibit drastic changes
when is varied. Furthermore, we present quantum-mechanical ground states
for N=6, 10 and 12 spin-polarized electrons and holes. We compute the
single-particle energies and orbitals in self-consistent Hartree-Fock
approximation over a broad range of layer separations and coupling strengths
between the limits of the ideal Fermi gas and the Wigner crystal
Influence of spin fluctuations near the Mott transition: a DMFT study
Dynamics of magnetic moments near the Mott metal-insulator transition is
investigated by a combined slave-rotor and Dynamical Mean-Field Theory solution
of the Hubbard model with additional fully-frustrated random Heisenberg
couplings. In the paramagnetic Mott state, the spinon decomposition allows to
generate a Sachdev-Ye spin liquid in place of the collection of independent
local moments that typically occurs in the absence of magnetic correlations.
Cooling down into the spin-liquid phase, the onset of deviations from pure
Curie behavior in the spin susceptibility is found to be correlated to the
temperature scale at which the Mott transition lines experience a marked
bending. We also demonstrate a weakening of the effective exchange energy upon
approaching the Mott boundary from the Heisenberg limit, due to quantum
fluctuations associated to zero and doubly occupied sites.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. V3 was largely expande
Role of material properties and mesostructure on dynamic deformation and shear instability in Al-W granular composites
Dynamic experiments with Al-W granular/porous composites revealed
qualitatively different behavior with respect to shear localization depending
on bonding between Al particles. Two-dimensional numerical modeling was used to
explore the mesomechanics of the large strain dynamic deformation in Al-W
granular/porous composites and explain the experimentally observed differences
in shear localization between composites with various mesostructures.
Specifically, the bonding between the Al particles, the porosity, the roles of
the relative particle sizes of Al and W, the arrangements of the W particles,
and the material properties of Al were investigated using numerical
calculations. It was demonstrated in simulations that the bonding between the
"soft" Al particles facilitated shear localization as seen in the experiments.
Numerical calculations and experiments revealed that the mechanism of the shear
localization in granular composites is mainly due to the local high strain flow
of "soft" Al around the "rigid" W particles causing localized damage
accumulation and subsequent growth of the meso/macro shear bands/cracks. The
"rigid" W particles were the major geometrical factor determining the
initiation and propagation of "kinked" shear bands in the matrix of "soft" Al
particles, leaving some areas free of extensive plastic deformation as observed
in experiments and numerical calculations.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Journal of Applied Physic
In situ–Directed Growth of Organic Nanofibers and Nanoflakes: Electrical and Morphological Properties
Organic nanostructures made from organic molecules such as para-hexaphenylene (p-6P) could form nanoscale components in future electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, the integration of such fragile nanostructures with the necessary interface circuitry such as metal electrodes for electrical connection continues to be a significant hindrance toward their large-scale implementation. Here, we demonstrate in situ–directed growth of such organic nanostructures between pre-fabricated contacts, which are source–drain gold electrodes on a transistor platform (bottom-gate) on silicon dioxide patterned by a combination of optical lithography and electron beam lithography. The dimensions of the gold electrodes strongly influence the morphology of the resulting structures leading to notably different electrical properties. The ability to control such nanofiber or nanoflake growth opens the possibility for large-scale optoelectronic device fabrication
Optimization of an Alkylpolyglucoside-Based Dishwashing Detergent Formulation.
The aim of this work was to formulate and optimize the washing performance of an alkylpolyglucoside-based dishwashing detergent. The liquid detergent was formulated with five ingredients of commercial origin: anionic (linear sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate and sodium laurylethersulfate), nonionic (C12–C14 alkylpolyglucoside) and zwitterionic (a fatty acid amide derivative with a betaine structure) surfactants, and NaCl for viscosity control. In addition to the plate test, other properties were investigated including ‘‘cloud point’’, viscosity, and emulsion stability. Statistical analysis software was used to generate a central composite experimental design. Then, a second order design and analysis of experiments approach, known as the Response Surface Methodology, was set up to investigate the effects of the five components of the formulation on the studied properties in the region covering plausible component ranges. The method proved to be efficient for locating the domains of concentrations where the desired properties were met
Status and Plans for the Array Control and Data Acquisition System of the Cherenkov Telescope Array
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next-generation atmospheric
Cherenkov gamma-ray observatory. CTA will consist of two installations, one in
the northern, and the other in the southern hemisphere, containing tens of
telescopes of different sizes. The CTA performance requirements and the
inherent complexity associated with the operation, control and monitoring of
such a large distributed multi-telescope array leads to new challenges in the
field of the gamma-ray astronomy. The ACTL (array control and data acquisition)
system will consist of the hardware and software that is necessary to control
and monitor the CTA arrays, as well as to time-stamp, read-out, filter and
store -at aggregated rates of few GB/s- the scientific data. The ACTL system
must be flexible enough to permit the simultaneous automatic operation of
multiple sub-arrays of telescopes with a minimum personnel effort on site. One
of the challenges of the system is to provide a reliable integration of the
control of a large and heterogeneous set of devices. Moreover, the system is
required to be ready to adapt the observation schedule, on timescales of a few
tens of seconds, to account for changing environmental conditions or to
prioritize incoming scientific alerts from time-critical transient phenomena
such as gamma ray bursts. This contribution provides a summary of the main
design choices and plans for building the ACTL system.Comment: In Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference
(ICRC2015), The Hague, The Netherlands. All CTA contributions at
arXiv:1508.0589
Outcomes for Pressure Ulcer Trials (OUTPUTs) project: review and classification of outcomes reported in pressure ulcer prevention research
In order to overcome inconsistencies in the reporting of outcomes in clinical trials, core outcome sets (COSs) have been developed in many clinical areas and the awareness of this concept is growing steadily. The Outcomes for Pressure Ulcer Trials (OUTPUTs) project aims to improve the quality of evidence from pressure ulcer prevention trials by developing a COS. As an initial step in the COS process we aimed to identify and classify both outcomes and concepts that represent potential outcomes for future trials that have been reported in pressure ulcer prevention research. A review was conducted in 12 major databases covering the literature indexed until 2016. Outcomes and relevant concepts reported in primary studies and/or reviews on pressure ulcer prevention in adult patients were extracted as presented in the articles, and afterwards inductively grouped into outcome domains. The domains were then categorized according to the outcome domain taxonomy recently proposed by the COMET group. In total 332 studies were included and 68 outcome domains were identified, covering multiple aspects of pressure ulcer prevention. Pressure ulcer occurrence was reported in 71% of all included studies, representing the most frequent outcome, followed by costs (22% of all studies) and acceptability of intervention and comfort (18% of all studies). A plethora of different outcomes are applied in pressure ulcer prevention research and substantial variations in definitions and reporting of similar outcomes were observed. A COS for pressure ulcer prevention trials is needed to overcome the noncomparability of outcomes
The RNA Helicase DeaD Stimulates ExsA Translation To Promote Expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion System
ABSTRACT The Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system (T3SS) is a primary virulence factor important for phagocytic avoidance, disruption of host cell signaling, and host cell cytotoxicity. ExsA is the master regulator of T3SS transcription. The expression, synthesis, and activity of ExsA is tightly regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic regulation consists of the well-characterized ExsECDA partner-switching cascade, while extrinsic factors include global regulators that alter exsA transcription and/or translation. To identify novel extrinsic regulators of ExsA, we conducted a transposon mutagenesis screen in the absence of intrinsic control. Transposon disruptions within gene PA2840, which encodes a homolog of the Escherichia coli RNA-helicase DeaD, significantly reduced T3SS gene expression. Recent studies indicate that E. coli DeaD can promote translation by relieving inhibitory secondary structures within target mRNAs. We report here that PA2840, renamed DeaD, stimulates ExsA synthesis at the posttranscriptional level. Genetic experiments demonstrate that the activity of an exsA translational fusion is reduced in a deaD mutant. In addition, exsA expression in trans fails to restore T3SS gene expression in a deaD mutant. We hypothesized that DeaD relaxes mRNA secondary structure to promote exsA translation and found that altering the mRNA sequence of exsA or the native exsA Shine-Dalgarno sequence relieved the requirement for DeaD in vivo . Finally, we show that purified DeaD promotes ExsA synthesis using in vitro translation assays. Together, these data reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for P. aeruginosa DeaD and add to the complexity of global regulation of T3SS. IMPORTANCE Although members of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases are appreciated for their roles in mRNA degradation and ribosome biogenesis, an additional role in gene regulation is now emerging in bacteria. By relaxing secondary structures in mRNAs, DEAD box helicases are now thought to promote translation by enhancing ribosomal recruitment. We identify here an RNA helicase that plays a critical role in promoting ExsA synthesis, the central regulator of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system, and provide additional evidence that DEAD box helicases directly stimulate translation of target genes. The finding that DeaD stimulates exsA translation adds to a growing list of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms that control type III gene expression
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