11 research outputs found
Determinación de la producción de jalea real en colmenas de recría de diferentes dimensiones
The production of royal jelly in an apiary located in a high tropical ecosystem was evaluated. To that end, four treatments were evaluated represented in rearing hives of ten, eight and six compartments, each with three repetitions; the percentage of filled cupules and the quantity of royal jelly per cupule for each group was determined. In the rearing hives with six compartments the internal temperature was more constant than in the other treatments (minimum 30°C and maximum 38°C); it also showed an optimal temperature range of 34-35ºC, a factor of great importance since this kind of rearing hive produced the largest amount of royal jelly per transfer (15,973 mg) with 86.3% of filled cupules and an average production of 308.5 mg per filled cupule. The rearing hives with eight compartments showed a minimum temperature of 26°C and maximum of 36°C, with a production of 7,976 mg per transfer, 72% filled cupules and an average production of 185.3 mg per filled cupule. The rearing hives of ten compartments showed a minimum temperature of 22°C and a maximum of 34°C, with a production of 6,364 mg per transfer, 51% filled cupules and an average production of 208 mg per filled cupule.Se valoró la producción de jalea real en un apiario localizado en un ecosistema de trópico alto. A tal fin, se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos representados en colmenas de recría de diez, ocho y seis cuadros, cada uno con tres repeticiones; se estimó el porcentaje de aceptación y la cantidad de jalea real por cúpula. En las colmenas de recría de seis cuadros la temperatura interna fue más constante que en los demás tratamientos (mínima 30°C y máxima 38°C); así mismo, presentó un rango de temperatura óptima entre 34 y 35°C, factor de gran importancia ya que este tipo de colmena de recría produjo la mayor cantidad de jalea real por transferencia (15.973 mg) con una aceptación de cúpulas del 86,3% y una producción promedio por cúpula aceptada de 308,5 mg. Las colmenas de recría de ocho cuadros presentaron una temperatura mínima de 26°C y una máxima de 36°C, con una producción de 7.976 mg por transferencia, una aceptación del 72% y una producción promedio por cúpula aceptada de 185,3 mg. Las colmenas de recría de diez cuadros presentaron una temperatura mínima de 22°C y una máxima de 34°C, una producción de 6.364 mg por transferencia, una aceptación del 51% y una producción promedio por cúpula aceptada de 208 mg.
Determinación de la producción de jalea real en colmenas de recría de diferentes dimensiones
The production of royal jelly in an apiary located in a high tropical ecosystem was evaluated. To that end, four treatments were evaluated represented in rearing hives of ten, eight and six compartments, each with three repetitions; the percentage of filled cupules and the quantity of royal jelly per cupule for each group was determined. In the rearing hives with six compartments the internal temperature was more constant than in the other treatments (minimum 30°C and maximum 38°C); it also showed an optimal temperature range of 34-35ºC, a factor of great importance since this kind of rearing hive produced the largest amount of royal jelly per transfer (15,973 mg) with 86.3% of filled cupules and an average production of 308.5 mg per filled cupule. The rearing hives with eight compartments showed a minimum temperature of 26°C and maximum of 36°C, with a production of 7,976 mg per transfer, 72% filled cupules and an average production of 185.3 mg per filled cupule. The rearing hives of ten compartments showed a minimum temperature of 22°C and a maximum of 34°C, with a production of 6,364 mg per transfer, 51% filled cupules and an average production of 208 mg per filled cupule.Se valoró la producción de jalea real en un apiario localizado en un ecosistema de trópico alto. A tal fin, se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos representados en colmenas de recría de diez, ocho y seis cuadros, cada uno con tres repeticiones; se estimó el porcentaje de aceptación y la cantidad de jalea real por cúpula. En las colmenas de recría de seis cuadros la temperatura interna fue más constante que en los demás tratamientos (mínima 30°C y máxima 38°C); así mismo, presentó un rango de temperatura óptima entre 34 y 35°C, factor de gran importancia ya que este tipo de colmena de recría produjo la mayor cantidad de jalea real por transferencia (15.973 mg) con una aceptación de cúpulas del 86,3% y una producción promedio por cúpula aceptada de 308,5 mg. Las colmenas de recría de ocho cuadros presentaron una temperatura mínima de 26°C y una máxima de 36°C, con una producción de 7.976 mg por transferencia, una aceptación del 72% y una producción promedio por cúpula aceptada de 185,3 mg. Las colmenas de recría de diez cuadros presentaron una temperatura mínima de 22°C y una máxima de 34°C, una producción de 6.364 mg por transferencia, una aceptación del 51% y una producción promedio por cúpula aceptada de 208 mg.
Factores asociados con la calidad de la carne. I parte: la terneza de la carne bovina en 40 empresas ganaderas de la región Caribe y el Magdalena Medio
The methodology developed to evaluate the organoleptic quality of beef began with the classification of 46,155 cattle carcasses that supplied five processing plants located in La Dorada, Montería, Sincelejo, Valledupar and Barranquilla using the National System of Classification of Carcasses and Cuts of Beef developed by the Colombian Institute of Food Technology, ICTA (Colombia National University). With this information 465 cattle enterprises were identified as producers of optimal grade carcasses (4 and 5 stars) and technical, production and economic information was collected in 122 of those. This allowed for selecting 40 of the best enterprises in the Caribbean and mid-Magdalena regions, eight per packing plant. Samples of muscle tissue (Longissimus dorsi) were collected from three carcasses for each processing plant in order to evaluate resistance to cutting (tenderness) according to the Warner Bratzler technique for a total of 120 samples. Statistically significant (P< 0.0001) differences were found for the force of resistance to cutting with respect to the genetic type used and the enterprise sampled. Mean resistance to cutting was 4.81 ± 0.94 kgf (cv 19.43%), with age of sacrifice of the animal being an important factor. The tenderness of the meat samples from hybrids between Zebu and Bos taurus (Brown Swiss) and Romosinuano native breed, with 3.05 and 3.95 kgf, respectively, was notable. Additionally, greatest meat tenderness was found when nutritional supplementation was offered to the animals in the form of premixes, with values of resistance to cutting of 2.65 ± 0.33 kgf. La metodología desarrollada para evaluar la calidad organoléptica de la carne bovina inició con la clasificación de 46.155 canales bovinas que abastecían cinco frigoríficos ubicados en La Dorada, Montería, Sincelejo, Valledupar y Barranquilla, usando el Sistema Nacional de Clasificación de Canales y Cortes de Carne Bovina desarrollado por el Instituto Colombiano de Tecnología de Alimentos –ICTA– de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Con esta información se identificaron 465 empresas ganaderas productoras de canales óptimas (4 y 5 estrellas) y en 122 de ellas se recogió información tecnológica, productiva y económica; ello permitió seleccionar las 40 mejores empresas ganaderas de la región Caribe y el Magdalena Medio, ocho empresas por cada frigorífico. Se recolectaron muestras de tejido muscular (Longissimus dorsi) en tres canales por empresa ganadera a fin de evaluar la resistencia al corte (terneza) según la técnica de Warner Bratzler para un total de 120 muestras. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas (P< 0,0001) de la fuerza de resistencia al corte con respecto al tipo genético utilizado y a la empresa muestreada; el promedio general de resistencia al corte fue de 4,81 ± 0,94 kgf (cv = 19,43%), siendo un factor de importancia la edad de sacrificio del animal. Se destacó la terneza de las muestras de carne de los animales cruzados de la raza Cebú con animales Bos taurus (Pardo Suizo) y criollos (Romosinuano), con 3,05 y 3,95 kgf, respectivamente. Además, se encontró mayor terneza de la carne cuando se ofrecía suplementación nutricional a los animales en forma de premezclas, con valores de resistencia al corte de 2,65 ± 0,33 kgf.
Factores asociados con la calidad de la carne. II parte: perfil de ácidos grasos de la carne bovina en 40 empresas ganaderas de la región Caribe y el Magdalena Medio
The profile of five fatty acids in samples of Longissimus dorsi muscle tissue was evaluated on 120 bovine animals from 40 meat enterprises producing high quality carcasses in lowland tropical areas declared free of hoof-and-mouth disease by vaccination. Regarding the profile of long chain fatty acids it was found that the general average of ether extract was 7.41 ± 3.61% with a high cv (48.8%). Additionally, for this variable were established differences (P< 0.001) due to forage type, feed supplement, type of breed and meat enterprise. Similarly, there were differences (P< 0.005) in regard to the effect of gender, carcass classification, and use of hormones. For total fatty acids an average of 58.11 ± 8.44% was found, distributed with mean values for saturated fatty acids of 30.61 ± 4.96% and for unsaturated fatty acids of 27.49 ± 4.23 %, of which 22.87 ± 4.04% is composed of monounsaturated fatty acids and 4.61 ± 0.79% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Ether extract values were higher with the Brangus breed (17,68 ± 3,75%) followed by Zebú x Bos taurus and Zebú Brahman crosses with values of 7,51 ± 4,76 and 7,30 ± 5,07%, respectively. The pure Romosinuano racial type and the crosses of Zebú x Brown Swiss and Zebu x Romosinuano showed the lowest values for this variable. Se evaluó el perfil de cinco ácidos grasos en muestras del músculo Longissimus dorsi de 120 bovinos provenientes de 40 empresas ganaderas de trópico bajo, ubicadas en zonas declaradas libres de aftosa por vacunación y productoras de canales de alta calidad. Respecto del perfil de ácidos grasos de cadena larga se encontró que el promedio general del extracto etéreo fue de 7,41 ± 3,61% con un cv alto (48,80%); además, para esta variable se establecieron diferencias (P< 0,001) en cuanto al tipo de forraje y el suplemento utilizado para la alimentación de los animales, el tipo racial y entre empresas ganaderas; así mismo, hubo diferencias (P< 0,005) en cuanto el efecto de la condición sexual, la clasificación de la canal y el uso de hormonas. Para el total de ácidos grasos se encontró un promedio de 58,11 ± 8,44% distribuido con valores promedio para los ácidos grasos saturados de 30,61 ± 4,96% y para los ácidos grasos insaturados de 27,49 ± 4,23%, de los cuales el 22,87 ± 4,04% está compuesto por ácidos grasos monoinsaturados y el 4,61 ± 0,79% por ácidos grasos poliinsaturados. Con relación a los valores de extracto etéreo se encontró el mayor porcentaje en la raza Brangus (17,68 ± 3,75%), seguido por animales Cebú x Bos taurus y Cebú Brahman, con valores de 7,51 ± 4,76 y 7,30 ± 5,07%, respectivamente; el tipo racial Romosinuano puro y los cruces de Cebú con Romosinuano y Pardo Suizo presentaron los menores valores para esta variable.
Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial
Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials.
Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure.
Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen.
Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049
Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years
Factores asociados con la calidad de la carne. I parte: la terneza de la carne bovina en 40 empresas ganaderas de la región Caribe y el Magdalena Medio
The methodology developed to evaluate the organoleptic quality of beef began with the classification of 46,155 cattle carcasses that supplied five processing plants located in La Dorada, Montería, Sincelejo, Valledupar and Barranquilla using the National System of Classification of Carcasses and Cuts of Beef developed by the Colombian Institute of Food Technology, ICTA (Colombia National University). With this information 465 cattle enterprises were identified as producers of optimal grade carcasses (4 and 5 stars) and technical, production and economic information was collected in 122 of those. This allowed for selecting 40 of the best enterprises in the Caribbean and mid-Magdalena regions, eight per packing plant. Samples of muscle tissue (Longissimus dorsi) were collected from three carcasses for each processing plant in order to evaluate resistance to cutting (tenderness) according to the Warner Bratzler technique for a total of 120 samples. Statistically significant (P< 0.0001) differences were found for the force of resistance to cutting with respect to the genetic type used and the enterprise sampled. Mean resistance to cutting was 4.81 ± 0.94 kgf (cv 19.43%), with age of sacrifice of the animal being an important factor. The tenderness of the meat samples from hybrids between Zebu and Bos taurus (Brown Swiss) and Romosinuano native breed, with 3.05 and 3.95 kgf, respectively, was notable. Additionally, greatest meat tenderness was found when nutritional supplementation was offered to the animals in the form of premixes, with values of resistance to cutting of 2.65 ± 0.33 kgf. La metodología desarrollada para evaluar la calidad organoléptica de la carne bovina inició con la clasificación de 46.155 canales bovinas que abastecían cinco frigoríficos ubicados en La Dorada, Montería, Sincelejo, Valledupar y Barranquilla, usando el Sistema Nacional de Clasificación de Canales y Cortes de Carne Bovina desarrollado por el Instituto Colombiano de Tecnología de Alimentos –ICTA– de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Con esta información se identificaron 465 empresas ganaderas productoras de canales óptimas (4 y 5 estrellas) y en 122 de ellas se recogió información tecnológica, productiva y económica; ello permitió seleccionar las 40 mejores empresas ganaderas de la región Caribe y el Magdalena Medio, ocho empresas por cada frigorífico. Se recolectaron muestras de tejido muscular (Longissimus dorsi) en tres canales por empresa ganadera a fin de evaluar la resistencia al corte (terneza) según la técnica de Warner Bratzler para un total de 120 muestras. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas (P< 0,0001) de la fuerza de resistencia al corte con respecto al tipo genético utilizado y a la empresa muestreada; el promedio general de resistencia al corte fue de 4,81 ± 0,94 kgf (cv = 19,43%), siendo un factor de importancia la edad de sacrificio del animal. Se destacó la terneza de las muestras de carne de los animales cruzados de la raza Cebú con animales Bos taurus (Pardo Suizo) y criollos (Romosinuano), con 3,05 y 3,95 kgf, respectivamente. Además, se encontró mayor terneza de la carne cuando se ofrecía suplementación nutricional a los animales en forma de premezclas, con valores de resistencia al corte de 2,65 ± 0,33 kgf.
Factores asociados con la calidad de la carne. II parte: perfil de ácidos grasos de la carne bovina en 40 empresas ganaderas de la región Caribe y el Magdalena Medio
The profile of five fatty acids in samples of Longissimus dorsi muscle tissue was evaluated on 120 bovine animals from 40 meat enterprises producing high quality carcasses in lowland tropical areas declared free of hoof-and-mouth disease by vaccination. Regarding the profile of long chain fatty acids it was found that the general average of ether extract was 7.41 ± 3.61% with a high cv (48.8%). Additionally, for this variable were established differences (P< 0.001) due to forage type, feed supplement, type of breed and meat enterprise. Similarly, there were differences (P< 0.005) in regard to the effect of gender, carcass classification, and use of hormones. For total fatty acids an average of 58.11 ± 8.44% was found, distributed with mean values for saturated fatty acids of 30.61 ± 4.96% and for unsaturated fatty acids of 27.49 ± 4.23 %, of which 22.87 ± 4.04% is composed of monounsaturated fatty acids and 4.61 ± 0.79% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Ether extract values were higher with the Brangus breed (17,68 ± 3,75%) followed by Zebú x Bos taurus and Zebú Brahman crosses with values of 7,51 ± 4,76 and 7,30 ± 5,07%, respectively. The pure Romosinuano racial type and the crosses of Zebú x Brown Swiss and Zebu x Romosinuano showed the lowest values for this variable. Se evaluó el perfil de cinco ácidos grasos en muestras del músculo Longissimus dorsi de 120 bovinos provenientes de 40 empresas ganaderas de trópico bajo, ubicadas en zonas declaradas libres de aftosa por vacunación y productoras de canales de alta calidad. Respecto del perfil de ácidos grasos de cadena larga se encontró que el promedio general del extracto etéreo fue de 7,41 ± 3,61% con un cv alto (48,80%); además, para esta variable se establecieron diferencias (P< 0,001) en cuanto al tipo de forraje y el suplemento utilizado para la alimentación de los animales, el tipo racial y entre empresas ganaderas; así mismo, hubo diferencias (P< 0,005) en cuanto el efecto de la condición sexual, la clasificación de la canal y el uso de hormonas. Para el total de ácidos grasos se encontró un promedio de 58,11 ± 8,44% distribuido con valores promedio para los ácidos grasos saturados de 30,61 ± 4,96% y para los ácidos grasos insaturados de 27,49 ± 4,23%, de los cuales el 22,87 ± 4,04% está compuesto por ácidos grasos monoinsaturados y el 4,61 ± 0,79% por ácidos grasos poliinsaturados. Con relación a los valores de extracto etéreo se encontró el mayor porcentaje en la raza Brangus (17,68 ± 3,75%), seguido por animales Cebú x Bos taurus y Cebú Brahman, con valores de 7,51 ± 4,76 y 7,30 ± 5,07%, respectivamente; el tipo racial Romosinuano puro y los cruces de Cebú con Romosinuano y Pardo Suizo presentaron los menores valores para esta variable.
Correction: Whole genome variation in 27 Mexican indigenous populations, demographic and biomedical insights.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249773.]
Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Results From the CREDENCE Trial and Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic kidney disease with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate or elevated albuminuria increases risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on stroke and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) from CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) and a meta-analysis of large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS: CREDENCE randomized 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease to canagliflozin or placebo. Post hoc, we estimated effects on fatal or nonfatal stroke, stroke subtypes, and intermediate markers of stroke risk including AF/AFL. Stroke and AF/AFL data from 3 other completed large CVOTs and CREDENCE were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: In CREDENCE, 142 participants experienced a stroke during follow-up (10.9/1000 patient-years with canagliflozin, 14.2/1000 patient-years with placebo; hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55-1.08]). Effects by stroke subtypes were: ischemic (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.61-1.28]; n=111), hemorrhagic (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.19-1.32]; n=18), and undetermined (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.20-1.46]; n=17). There was no clear effect on AF/AFL (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.53-1.10]; n=115). The overall effects in the 4 CVOTs combined were: total stroke (HRpooled, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82-1.12]), ischemic stroke (HRpooled, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.14]), hemorrhagic stroke (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.30-0.83]), undetermined stroke (HRpooled, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.49-1.51]), and AF/AFL (HRpooled, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]). There was evidence that SGLT2i effects on total stroke varied by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=0.01), with protection in the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (<45 mL/min/1.73 m2]) subgroup (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.79]).CONCLUSIONS: Although we found no clear effect of SGLT2i on total stroke in CREDENCE or across trials combined, there was some evidence of benefit in preventing hemorrhagic stroke and AF/AFL, as well as total stroke for those with lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate. Future research should focus on confirming these data and exploring potential mechanisms. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02065791