The impact of the russian revolution in Europe: Karl Kautsky and Antonio Gramsci

La Revolución Rusa tuvo un inmediato impacto mundial, tanto por el ejemplo que supuso para procesos revolucionarios o de intensa movilización social desatados en el período subsiguiente en varios países de Europa (Finlandia, Alemania, Austria, Hungría, Italia, etc.) como por los grandes debates que suscitó en el socialismo internacional, ya que fue una de las principales causas del “gran cisma” (en palabras del historiador Carl Schorske) dentro de la II Internacional Socialista entre las organizaciones e individuos que se volcarían hacia la reconstrucción de la socialdemocracia y aquellos que apostarían a la construcción de la Internacional Comunista. El período inmediatamente posterior a la Revolución Rusa (1917-1920), hasta la consolidación de la Comintern en su II Congreso, fue un momento fluido de debate acerca de la caracterización de la Revolución Rusa y sus consecuencias políticas, teóricas y estratégicas. A través del análisis de las posiciones de Karl Kautsky y Antonio Gramsci —dos intelectuales de gran influencia teórica en el movimiento socialista internacional— pretendemos iluminar algunos aspectos principales del debate que provocó este proceso: el carácter de las fuerzas sociales involucradas, los 48 objetivos de la revolución, el rol de la democracia y la dictadura en el proceso de transición al socialismo y la aplicabilidad internacional del balance de la Revolución Rusa. El análisis se centra en fuentes primarias de cada autor, situando las posiciones de cada uno en el contexto de su relación con el socialismo de su país y los debates que lo atravesaban.The Russian Revolution had an immediate global impact, both as a model for revolutionary processes or intense social mobilizations in several European countries (e.g. Finland, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Italy) and due to its influence on the great debates in the international socialist movement, which was reconfiguring itself, following the divisions of tendencies in the II International, towards a more permanent division —“a great schism” (in the words of historian Carl Schorske)— between organizations and individuals that would seek to reconstruct Social Democracy and those that would seek to build the Communist International. The period immediately after the Russian Revolution (1917-20) until the consolidation of the Comintern in its II Congress was a fluid moment of debates about the characterization of the Russian Revolution and its political, theoretical and strategic consequences. Through the analysis of the positions of Karl Kautsky and Antonio Gramsci —two intellectuals with great theoretical influence within the international socialist movement—, we seek to shed light on some of the main questions of the debate on these process: the character of the social forces involved; the objectives of the revolution; the role of democracy and dictatorship in the transition to socialism; and the international applicability of the Russian Revolution. The analysis draws on primary sources from each author, placing each of them in the context of their relationship with the socialist movement of their respective countries and the debates that went on within them.Fil: Quiroga, Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Fabry, Balazs Adam. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentin

Changes in the Quality of Life of Our Neonatal Patients Born with Severe Laryngomalacia and Treated with Endoscopic UDP Laser Supraglottoplasty

Background: Laryngomalacia is one of the most common causes of neonatal dyspnea and inspiratory stridor. In 20% of the cases laryngomalacia in newborns may lead to respiratory failure, feeding difficulties and failure to thrive. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the quality of life of the patients with laryngomalacia in the first year following ultra-dream pulse laser supraglottoplasty.Case presentation:  the assessment relevant parameters of 6 newborn patients with laryngomalacia (4:2 male:female, average age at the time of operation 12,5 days) who underwent ultra-pulse laser supraglottoplasty.Conclusion: Ultra-dream pulse laser supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia is a safe and effective surgical modality, even if it is performed in the neonatal age

Producers and reproducers: An analysis of the role of women in the industrialization of socialist Hungary (1948-1956)

Introducción y Objetivos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar cómo las políticas económicas promovidas por el estado húngaro “comunista” (o “socialista estatal”) entre 1948 y 1956 afectaron las condiciones de vida de las mujeres húngaras. Metodología. Mediante una lectura crítica que vincula el concepto de Marx de “acumulación originaria” con los aportes de la Teoría de la Reproducción Social (TRS) sobre el trabajo productivo/reproductivo veremos de qué manera la incorporación de las mujeres a la esfera del trabajo asalariado no solo generó la feminización de ciertos sectores industriales de bajos salarios, sino que también fue un elemento clave a través del cual el Estado húngaro intentó alcanzar los objetivos de su impulso de acumulación de capital. Resultados. Las estrictas limitaciones impuestas a los derechos reproductivos de las mujeres y la visión conservadora de los roles de género del estado-partido limitaron las posibilidades de la mayoría de las mujeres de “liberarse” de la carga de trabajo asociada con el trabajo doméstico y la maternidad. Conclusiones y discusión. En ese contexto, afirmamos que entre 1948 y 1956, las mujeres húngaras cumplieron una “triple función” como reemplazo inmediato de la fuerza laboral, además de ser sus productoras y reproductoras directas. Este artículo espera contribuir a la literatura sobre la historia del socialismo en el siglo XX en Europa del Este, así como a debates sobre la acumulación originaria y su relación con la opresión de las mujeres.Introduction and Objectives. The objective of this article is to analyse how the economic policies promoted by the Hungarian “communist” (or “state socialist”) state between 1948 and 1956 affected the living conditions of Hungarian women. Methodology. Combining a critical reading of Marx’s concept of “primitive accumulation” with the contributions of Social Reproduction Theory (SRT) on productive / reproductive work, we seek to demonstrate how the incorporation of women into the sphere of wage labour not only led to the feminization of certain low-wage industrial sectors, but was also a key element through which the Hungarian state attempted to achieve the objectives of its capital accumulation drive. Results. Strict limitations placed on women’s reproductive rights and the party-state’s conservative views of gender roles limited the possibilities for most women to “break free” from the workload associated with domestic work and motherhood. In this context, we argue that between 1948 and 1956, Hungarian women fulfilled a “triple function” as the immediate replacement for the labour force, in addition to being its direct producers and reproducers. Conclusions and discussion. This article hopes to contribute to the literature on the history of socialism in the 20th century in Eastern Europe, as well as academic debates on primitive accumulation and its relation to the oppression of women.Fil: Luparello, Velia Sabrina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Fabry, Balazs Adam. Universidad Nacional de Chilecito; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentin

Proteome-wide landscape of solubility limits in a bacterial cell

Proteins are prone to aggregate when expressed above their solubility limits. Aggregation may occur rapidly, potentially as early as proteins emerge from the ribosome, or slowly, following synthesis. However, in vivo data on aggregation rates are scarce. Here, we classified the Escherichia coli proteome into rapidly and slowly aggregating proteins using an in vivo image-based screen coupled with machine learning. We find that the majority (70%) of cytosolic proteins that become insoluble upon overexpression have relatively low rates of aggregation and are unlikely to aggregate co-translationally. Remarkably, such proteins exhibit higher folding rates compared to rapidly aggregating proteins, potentially implying that they aggregate after reaching their folded states. Furthermore, we find that a substantial fraction (similar to 35%) of the proteome remain soluble at concentrations much higher than those found naturally, indicating a large margin of safety to tolerate gene expression changes. We show that high disorder content and low surface stickiness are major determinants of high solubility and are favored in abundant bacterial proteins. Overall, our study provides a global view of aggregation rates and hence solubility limits of proteins in a bacterial cell.Peer reviewe

Stromal myofibroblasts in breast cancer: relations between their occurrence, tumor grade and expression of some tumour markers.

It is suggested that tumour stromal myofibroblasts exert an unfavourable effect on the biology of breast cancer. We are aware of only a single study which examined relationships between manifestation of myofibroblasts in the stroma of breast cancer and clinicopathological data of the patients. The present study was aimed at estimation of the effect exerted by myofibroblasts present in the tumour stroma on principal pathological parameters and on expression of Ki67, P53 and HER-2 proteins in the group of the most frequent breast cancers, the ductal cancers. In paraffin sections of 60 ductal breast cancers (20 cases in G1, 20 in G2 and 20 in G3), immunohistochemical reactions were performed to detect expression of smooth muscle actin (SMA) in order to visualize myofibroblasts, Ki67, P53 and HER-2. The studies demonstrated that the most numerous myofibroblasts were present in G3 cases and they were the least frequent in G1 cases (P = 0.02). Positive correlations were observed between the presence of myofibroblasts in tumour stroma and expression of Ki67 and HER-2 in breast cancer cells in the entire group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), in G2 cases (P = 0.003 and P = 0.03) and in G3 cases (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03). Considering that the higher grade, Ki67 and HER-2 are thought to represent unfavourable prognostic factors, the elevated content of myofibroblasts in tumour stroma is probably typical for cases with worse prognosis

Movie Induced Tourism and Its Effects on Settlements, a Literature Study

Even though movie tourism as a whole is an area that is somewhat hard to study and measure, it is one of the most interestingly developing branches of tourism, that is aiming for special consumer segments. The former being highlighted by having most related studies attempting to measure the effects of single movies, thus having a hard time establishing a general picture about the consumers that are more keen to movie induced tourism

Gyeptelepítés elmélete és gyakorlata az ökológiai szemléletű gazdálkodásban

Az utóbbi években egyre nagyobb az igény mind hazánkban, mind Európában a szántóföldi művelés alól kivett területek alternatív, fenntartható hasznosítására, melyre jó lehetőséget biztosít az ökológiai szemléletű gyepgazdálkodás. A gyepesítéssel szemben támasztott legfontosabb elvárás egy főképp füvek dominálta évelő gyep létrejötte, amely visszaszorítja a nemkívánatos gyomfajokat. Ökológiai célú gyeptelepítés esetén rendkívül fontos a megfelelő szaporítóanyagok, a megfelelő fűfajok kiválasztása és a természetkímélő technológia alkalmazása. A telepítendő fajokat a terület ökológiai jellemzőinek (talajtípus, vízgazdálkodás, hőmérséklet és csapadék viszonyok) figyelembe vételével és a későbbi hasznosítás (legeltetés, kaszálás) szempontjait szem előtt tartva kell kiválasztani. A telepítés időpontját és technológiáját szintén össze kell hangolni a termőhelyi adottságokkal és a későbbi hasznosítással. Legújabb kiadványunk olyan tudományos igényességgel kidolgozott, de a mindennapi gazdálkodásban alkalmazható szakanyag, amely felhívja a figyelmet az ökológiai szempontú gyeptelepítés legfontosabb szempontjaira, a gyeptelepítéshez használt magkeverékkel szemben támasztott kívánalmakra, a telepítés gyakorlati kivitelezésére, valamint várható gép- és költségigényére. A kiadvány a Debreceni Egyetem Ökológiai Tanszéke közreműködésével, Dr. Török Péter szerkesztésében valósult meg. A projekt a Magyar Nemzeti Vidéki Hálózat Elnökségének értékelése és javaslata alapján, az Európai Mezőgazdasági és Vidékfejlesztési Alap társfinanszírozásában, a Nemzeti Vidékfejlesztési Program Irányító Hatóságának jóváhagyásával válhatott valóra

DiMoPEx-project is designed to determine the impacts of environmental exposure on human health

The WHO has ranked environmental hazardous exposures in the living and working environment among the top risk factors for chronic disease mortality. Worldwide, about 40 million people die each year from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including cancer, diabetes, and chronic cardiovascular, neurological and lung diseases. The exposure to ambient pollution in the living and working environment is exacerbated by individual susceptibilities and lifestyle-driven factors to produce complex and complicated NCD etiologies. Research addressing the links between environmental exposure and disease prevalence is key for prevention of the pandemic increase in NCD morbidity and mortality. However, the long latency, the chronic course of some diseases and the necessity to address cumulative exposures over very long periods does mean that it is often difficult to identify causal environmental exposures. EU-funded COST Action DiMoPEx is developing new concepts for a better understanding of health- environment (including gene-environment) interactions in the etiology of NCDs. The overarching idea is to teach and train scientists and physicians to learn how to include efficient and valid exposure assessments in their research and in their clinical practice in current and future cooperative projects. DiMoPEx partners have identified some of the emerging research needs, which include the lack of evidence-based exposure data and the need for human-equivalent animal models mirroring human lifespan and low-dose cumulative exposures. Utilizing an interdisciplinary approach incorporating seven working groups, DiMoPEx will focus on aspects of air pollution with particulate matter including dust and fibers and on exposure to low doses of solvents and sensitizing agents. Biomarkers of early exposure and their associated effects as indicators of disease-derived information will be tested and standardized within individual projects. Risks arising from some NCDs, like pneumoconioses, cancers and allergies, are predictable and preventable. Consequently, preventative action could lead to decreasing disease morbidity and mortality for many of the NCDs that are of major public concern. DiMoPEx plans to catalyze and stimulate interaction of scientists with policy-makers in attacking these exposure-related diseases