Végeselemes modellezés az anyagtudományban és az anyagtechnológiákban = Finite Element Modelling in Materials Science and Materials Processing Technologies

Elemző tanulmányt készítettünk technológiai célrendszerekben alkalmazott anyagmodellekről; Számítógépes mérő-adatfeldolgozó rendszert dolgoztunk ki a modellezés szempontjából szükséges anyagjellemzők kísérleti meghatározására; Vizsgálati módszert és számítógépi programot dolgoztunk ki lemezanyagok anizotrópia és keményedési tényezőinek meghatározására és kiértékelésére; Komplex alakíthatósági vizsgálóberendezést építettünk ki alakíthatósági vizsgálatok elvégzésére és számítógépes kiértékelésére; Matematikai modellt dolgoztunk ki ellenállás-ponthegesztés modellezésére; Matematikai modelleket dolgoztunk ki felületötvöző hőkezelések termikus folyamatainak végeselemes modellezésére; A SysWeld végeselemes programrendszerbe integrálható számítómodulokat dolgoztunk ki lézeres felületedzés modellezésére; Elemeztük kerámia anyagok mechanikai viselkedését, matematikai modellt dolgoztunk ki keramikus anyagok törési folyamatainak vizsgálatára Elemeztük a gyorsnitridálás és az ionnitridálás disszociációs és abszorpciós folyamatait a nitridálási folyamat gyorsítása és a termokémiai eljárások gazdaságosságának növelésére; Elemeztük a nitridálás folyamata és a késztermék minősége közötti kapcsolatot, a nitridált réteg összetételének, tulajdonságainak a késztermék tulajdonságára gyakorolt hatását; Háromdimenziós matematikai modellt dolgoztunk ki lézeres felületedzés termikus és metallurgiai folyamatainak elemzésére. Meghatároztuk a lézeres felületedzés optimális paraméter-tartományait. | Material models applied in technological processes were studied; Computer aided measuring and evaluating system for experimental determination of material properties used in FEM systems was elaborated; Method and computer program was developed for the determination of anisotropy and hardening properties of sheet materials; Complex formability testing system was developed for sheet metal formability testing; Mathematical model was elaborated for resistance spot welding; Mathematical model was developed for finite element modeling of thermo-chemical surface treatments; Computing modules were elaborated and integrated into the SysWeld FEM package for modeling laser surface hardening; Mechanical behavior of ceramic materials was studied and mathematical model was elaborated for analyzing the fracture processes of ceramic materials; Dissociation and absorption processes of fast nitriding and ion-nitriding were analyzed to increase the effectiveness and economy of nitriding processes; The relationship between the quality of nitrided products and the nitriding process were analyzed including the effect of the composition and other properties of nitrided layer on the quality of final product; Three-dimensional mathematical model has been developed for the analysis of thermal and metallurgical processes of laser surface hardening; The optimum process parameters of laser surface hardening were determined by FEM modeling

Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Hungary based on record linkage of nationwide multiple healthcare administrative data

ObjectivesAs there were only regional studies in Hungary about the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS), we aimed to estimate its epidemiological features using data of Hungary's single-payer health insurance system.MethodsPseudonymized database of claims reported by hospitals and outpatient services between 2004-2016 was analyzed and linked with an independent database of outpatient pharmacy refills between 2010-2016. We established an administrative case definition of MS and validated it on medical records of 309 consecutive patients. A subject was defined as MS-patient if received MS diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, code G35) on three or more occasions at least in 2 calendar years and at least once documented by a neurologist. Patients were counted as incident cases in the year of the first submitted claim for MS. We allowed a 6-year-long run-in period, so only data between 2010-2015 are discussed.ResultsSensitivity of the administrative case definition turned out to be 99%, while specificity was >99%. Crude prevalence of MS has increased from 109.3/100,000 in 2010 to 130.8/100,000 in 2015 (p-value = 0.000003). Crude incidence declined from 7.1/100,000 (2010) to 5.4/100,000 (2015) (p-value = 0.018). Direct standardization - based on European standard population and results of nationwide Hungarian census of 2011 - revealed that age standardized prevalence was 105.2/100,000 (2010), which has grown to 127.2/100,000 (2015) (p-value = 0.000001). Age standardized incidence rate declined from 6.7/100,000 (2010) to 5.1/100,000 (2015) (p-value = 0.016). The ratio of MS-patients receiving ≥1 prescription for disease modifying treatment increased from 0.19 (2010) to 0.29 (2015) (p-value = 0.0051). The female/male ratio of prevalent cases remained 2.6.DiscussionThe prevalence of MS in Hungary is higher than previously reported, the incidence rate is moderate. The prevalence is rising, the incidence rate shows decline. The proportion of patients receiving disease modifying treatment grows but was still around 30% in 2015

Health related quality of life and satisfaction with care of stroke patients in Budapest: A substudy of the EuroHOPE project

Background Disadvantaged socioeconomic status is associated with higher stroke incidence and mortality, and higher readmission rate. We aimed to assess the effect of socioeconomic factors on case fatality, health related quality of life (HRQoL), and satisfaction with care of stroke survivors in the framework of the European Health Care Outcomes, Performance and Efficiency (EuroHOPE) study in Hungary, one of the leading countries regarding stroke mortality. Methods We evaluated 200 consecutive patients admitted for first-ever ischemic stroke in a single center and performed a follow-up at 3 months after stroke. We recorded pre- and post-stroke socioeconomic factors, and assessed case fatality, HRQoL and patient satisfaction with the care received. Stroke severity at onset was scored by the National Institutes of Health Stroke scale (NIHSS), disability at discharge from acute care was evaluated by the modified Rankin Score (mRS). To evaluate HRQoL and patient satisfaction with care we used the EQ-5D-5L, 15D and EORTC IN PATSAT 32 questionnaires. Results At 3 months after stroke the odds of death was significantly increased by stroke severity (NIHSS, OR = 1.209, 95%CI: 1.125–1.299, p<0.001) and age (OR = 1.045, 95%CI: 1.003–1.089, p = 0.038). In a multiple linear regression model, independent predictors of HRQoL were age, disability at discharge, satisfaction with care, type of social dwelling after stroke, length of acute hospital stay and rehospitalization. Satisfaction with care was influenced negatively by stroke severity (Coef. = -1.111, 95%C.I.: -2.159- -0.062, p = 0.040), and positively by having had thrombolysis (Coef. = 25.635, 95%C.I.: 5.212–46.058, p = 0.016) and better HRQoL (Coef. = 22.858, 95%C.I.: 6.007–39.708, p = 0.009). Conclusion In addition to age, disability, and satisfaction with care, length of hospital stay and type of social dwelling after stroke also predicted HRQoL. Long-term outcome after stroke could be improved by reducing time spent in hospital, i.e. by developing home care rehabilitation facilities thus reducing the need for readmission to inpatient care

The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms before the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in a nationwide cohort: A comparison to patients with cerebral infarction

Objectives Psychiatric symptoms (PS) can be non-motor features in Parkinson's disease (PD) which are common even in the prodromal, untreated phase of the disease. Some PS, especially depression and anxiety recently became known predictive markers for PD. Our objective was to explore retrospectively the prevalence of PS before the diagnosis of PD. Methods In the framework of the Hungarian Brain Research Program we created a database from medical and medication reports submitted for reimbursement purposes to the National Health Insurance Fund in Hungary, a country with 10 million inhabitants and a single payer health insurance system. We used record linkage to evaluate the prevalence of PS before the diagnosis of PD and compared that with patients with ischemic cerebrovascular lesion (ICL) in the period between 2004-2016 using ICD-10 codes of G20 for PD, I63-64 for ICL and F00-F99 for PS. We included only those patients who got their PD, ICL and psychiatric diagnosis at least twice. Results There were 79 795 patients with PD and 676 874 patients with ICL. Of the PD patients 16% whereas of those with ischemic cerebrovascular lesion 9.7% had a psychiatric diagnosis before the first appearance of PD or ICL (p<0.001) established in psychiatric care at least twice. The higher rate of PS in PD compared to ICL remained significant after controlling for age and gender in logistic regression analysis. The difference between PD and ICL was significant for Mood disorders (F30-F39), Organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders (F00-F09), Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (F40-F48) and Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (F20-F29) diagnosis categories (p<0.001, for all). Discussion The higher rate of psychiatric morbidity in the premotor phase of PD may reflect neurotransmitter changes in the early phase of PD