Hymenoptera Two New Bees of the Genus Ceratina

Female Length 11 mm. Head mostly except the black vertex, thorax except the black entire median portion of the menosotum, brilliant green, with a slight brassy tinge. Abdomen deep shining purple. Antennae and legs piceous, the latter, together with the venter, covered with rather long and thick ferrugineous pubescence. Wings uniformly pale smoky and iridescent, the veins ,lark, the stigma translucent. First submarginal cell about twice the length of second, the first abscissa of radius equalling third

Hymenoptera the Bee Genus Pasiphae in North America

While in Central America I collected a number of species of Prosopis (descriptions to appear soon) which were typical representatives of that genus in every way. Scattered through this collection were a number of bees, very Prosopis-like, but possessing a truncated and appendiculated marginal cell and otherwise corresponding to Ashmead \u27s description of the genus Pasiphae, previously known only from the southern Andean region. In Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XXIX, p. 186, Cockerell says Mr. Vachal remarks that this has a distinct tibial pollen brush,. and cannot go with the Prosopidae. It appears to be a Colletid with only two submarginal cells.\u27\u27 The Prosopidae arc usually described almost without reservation, as \u27\u27non-pubescent\u27\u27, a statement that should be considerably modified. It is true that the pubescence is reduced-thin and fine, but distinctly present over most of the body in all of the American species I have seen. What the naked eye or the simple lens does not show in this case, the compound microscope will prove a clearly distinct feature. If the hind tibiae of any Prosopis are carefully examined, they will be found usually thickly covered with pubescence. In these Central American bees which I am calling Pasiphae, this pubescence is more pronounced than I have found it in any Prosopis. and while it might possibly be called a \u27\u27distinct pollen brush\u27\u27, still I cannot sec it as especially similar to any Colletid and believe that the status and relationships of the genus are as stated by Ashmead. The genus Stilpnosoma, which is placed in the Prospidae, is still more pubescent, the hind tibiae very thickly so. In S. turneri the hairs on underside of tibiae are long, compound and some what matted. If the Central American form which I have is a true Pasipbae\u27, and by Ashmead \u27s description it appears to be, then Pasiphae can be no Collctid even by general habitus, to say nothing more. I shall name this species

Chemogenomic Profiling of Antileishmanial Efficacy and Resistance in the Related Kinetoplastid Parasite <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i>

The arsenal of drugs used to treat leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania spp., is limited and beset by emergent resistance and toxicity. Our understanding of drug mode-of-action and potential routes to resistance is also limited. Forward genetic approaches have revolutionised our understanding of drug mode-of-action in the related kinetoplastid parasite, Trypanosoma brucei. Therefore, we screened our genome-scale T. brucei RNAi library for knockdowns that render cells resistant to the current anti-leishmanial drugs, sodium stibogluconate (antimonial), paromomycin, miltefosine and amphotericin-B. Identification of T. brucei orthologues of the known Leishmania antimonial and miltefosine plasma membrane transporters effectively validated our approach, while a cohort of 42 novel drug efficacy determinants provides new insights and serves as a resource

Investigation of chlorine radical chemistry in the Eyjafjallajkull volcanic plume using observed depletions in non-methane hydrocarbons

As part of the effort to understand volcanic plume composition and chemistry during the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajkull, the CARIBIC atmospheric observatory was deployed for three special science flights aboard a Lufthansa passenger aircraft. Measurements made during these flights included the collection of whole air samples, which were analyzed for non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs). Hydrocarbon concentrations in plume samples were found to be reduced to levels below background, with relative depletions characteristic of reaction with chlorine radicals (Cl). Recent observations of halogen oxides in volcanic plumes provide evidence for halogen radical chemistry, but quantitative data for free halogen radical concentrations in volcanic plumes were absent. Here we present the first observation-based calculations of Cl radical concentrations in volcanic plumes, estimated from observed NMHC depletions. Inferred Cl concentrations were between 1.3 × 10 and 6.6 × 10 Cl cm. The relationship between NMHC variability and local lifetimes was used to investigate the ratio between OH and Cl within the plume, with [OH]/[Cl] estimated to be ∼37. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union

The Future Role of Strategic Landpower

Recent Russian aggression in Ukraine has reenergized military strategists and senior leaders to evaluate the role of strategic Landpower. American leadership in the European theater has mobilized allies and partners to reconsider force postures for responding to possible aggression against NATO members. Although Russian revisionist activity remains a threat in Europe, the challenges in the Pacific for strategic Landpower must also be considered. At the same time, the homeland, the Arctic, climate change, and the results of new and emerging technology also challenge the application of strategic Landpower. This publication serves as part of an enduring effort to evaluate strategic Landpower’s role, authorities, and resources for accomplishing the national strategic goals the Joint Force may face in the next conflict. This study considers multinational partners, allies, and senior leaders that can contribute to overcoming these enduring challenges. The insights derived from this study, which can be applied to both the European and Indo-Pacific theaters, should help leaders to consider these challenges, which may last a generation. Deterrence demands credible strategic response options integrated across warfighting functions. This valuable edition will continue the dialogue about addressing these issues as well as other emerging ones.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1959/thumbnail.jp