9 research outputs found
Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19
- Author
- ?ivko Iris
- Abbass Hakam
- Abdeladim Lilia
- Abdelhady Hesham
- Abdelkharim Hussam
- Abdelrazik Marwa
- Abdi Zakee
- Abdukahil Sheryl Ann
- Abel Lynn
- Abraham Jacinta
- Abrahamson Gail
- Abusamra Yousuf
- Aceto Romina
- Adams Nick
- Adams Peter
- Adebambo Olumide
- Adhikari Neill
- Adhikari Sheetal
- Affleck Julia
- Agha Gloria
- Aghemo Alessio
- Agno Ronan
- Ahmad Norfaizan
- Ain Quratul
- Ainscough Kate
- Ainsworth James
- Aitken Lindianne
- Akamp Ceren
- Al Enezi Farhan
- Al-Bassam Wisam
- Al-Beidh Farah
- Albert Martin
- Albrett Jonathan
- Alderman Meera
- Aldo Bonizzoni Matteo
- Alegria Ana
- Alessandro Carà Gianmarco
- Alexander Brian
- Alexander Peter
- Alfonso Jordan
- Ali Maryam
- Ali Murtaza
- Allam Hayat
- Allen Barbara
- Allen Louise
- Allibone Suzanne
- Almeshhedani Hasham
- AlQahtani Samah
- Alswaidan Lolowa
- Altomy Mohammed
- Al Amri Ali
- Al Qasim Eman
- Amatya Sameena
- Ambrosino Richard
- Anderson Thomas
- Andreae Mark
- Aneman Anders
- Angus Derek C.
- Anjum Aisha
- Ankert Juliane
- Annane Djillali
- Anne-Laure Fedou
- Anstey Matthew
- Antcliffe David
- Anthony Alpha
- Antoine Marchalot
- Antoine Pierre
- Antoine Studer
- Anumakonda Vikram
- Aparicio Christelle
- Aquino Maia
- Arabi Yaseen M.
- Arachchige Malka
- Aravindan Latha
- Arbane Gill
- Archambault Patrick
- Archer Simon
- Aref Noah
- Arias Ana-Marie
- Arias Sonia
- Arishi Hatim
- Arnold Donald
- Arnold John
- Arnott Andrew
- Arora Anand
- Aryal Diptesh
- Asghar Adeeba
- Asif Namra
- Aspinwall Angelique
- Attokaran Antony
- Attwood Ben
- Au Carly
- Audry Mathilde
- Austin Karen
- Austin Pauline
- Auvet Adrien
- Avard Bronwyn
- Awan Sidra
- Ayee Robert
- Azaiz Amine
- Azzaui Harun
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- Bagshaw Sean
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- Barker Stephanie
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- Wright Kim
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- Xavier Kugan
- Yamagishi Yoshiaki
- Yamashita Chizuru
- Yang Yang
- Yarad Elizabeth
- Yates Bryan
- Yates David
- Yealy Donald
- Young Ian
- Young Meredith
- Young Paul
- Youngstein Taryn
- Yu Haili
- Yusuff Hakeem
- Zaharia Mihaela
- Zaidi Abbas
- Zaki Ahmed
- Zaman Mohsin
- Zarychanski Ryan
- Zdanavidiene Ausra
- Zhao Xiao
- Zinzoni Vanessa
- Zitter Letizia
- Zouita Louisa
- Publication venue
- 'American Medical Association (AMA)'
- Publication date
- 11/04/2023
- Field of study
IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022).
INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes.
RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes.
TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570
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- Aali Amirali
- Ababneh Hazim S
- Abate Yohannes Habtegiorgis
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- Abbasian Mohammadreza
- Abbastabar Hedayat
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- Sundström Johan
- Sunkersing David
- Sunnerhagen Katharina S
- Swain Chandan Kumar
- Szarpak Lukasz
- Szeto Mindy D
- Szócska Miklós
- Tabaee Damavandi Payam
- Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael
- Tabatabaei Malazy Ozra
- Tabatabaei Seyyed Mohammad
- Tabatabaeizadeh Seyed-Amir
- Tabatabai Shima
- Tabish Mohammad
- TADAKAMADLA JYOTHI
- Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar
- Taheri Abkenar Yasaman
- Taheri Soodejani Moslem
- Taiba Jabeen
- Takahashi Ken
- Talaat Iman M
- Talukder Ashis
- Tampa Mircea
- Tamuzi Jacques Lukenze
- Tan Ker-Kan
- Tandukar Sarmila
- Tang Haosu
- Tang Hong K
- Tarigan Ingan Ukur
- Tariku Mengistie Kassahun
- Tariqujjaman Md
- Tarkang Elvis Enowbeyang
- Tavakoli Oliaee Razieh
- Tavangar Seyed Mohammad
- Taveira Nuno
- Tefera Yibekal Manaye
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Temsah Reem Mohamad Hani
- Teramoto Masayuki
- Tesler Riki
- Teye-Kwadjo Enoch
- Thakur Rishu
- Thangaraju Pugazhenthan
- Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
- Tharwat Samar
- Thayakaran Rasiah
- Thomas Nihal
- Thomas Nikhil Kenny
- Thomson Azalea M
- Thrift Amanda G
- Thum Chern Choong Chern
- Thygesen Lau Caspar
- Tian Jing
- Tichopad Ales
- Ticoalu Jansje Henny Vera
- Tillawi Tala
- Tiruye Tenaw Yimer
- Titova Mariya Vladimirovna
- Tonelli Marcello
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Toriola Adetunji T
- Torre Anna E
- Touvier Mathilde
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
- Tran Jasmine T
- Tran Nghia Minh
- Trico Domenico
- Tromans Samuel Joseph
- Truyen Thien Tan Tri Tai
- Tsatsakis Aristidis
- Tsegay Guesh Mebrahtom
- Tsermpini Evangelia Eirini
- Tumurkhuu Munkhtuya
- Tung Kang
- Tyrovolas Stefanos
- Uddin Sayed Mohammad Nazim
- Udoakang Aniefiok John
- Udoh Arit
- Ullah Atta
- Ullah Irfan
- Ullah Saeed
- Ullah Sana
- Umakanthan Srikanth
- Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David
- Unim Brigid
- Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran
- Unsworth Carolyn Anne
- Upadhyay Era
- Urso Daniele
- Usman Jibrin Sammani
- Vahabi Seyed Mohammad
- Vaithinathan Asokan Govindaraj
- Valizadeh Rohollah
- Van de Velde Sarah M
- Van den Eynde Jef
- Varga Orsolya
- Vart Priya
- Varthya Shoban Babu
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Vasic Milena
- Vaziri Siavash
- Vellingiri Balachandar
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Verghese Nicholas Alexander
- Verma Madhur
- Veroux Massimiliano
- Verras Georgios-Ioannis
- Vervoort Dominique
- Villafañe Jorge Hugo
- Villanueva Gabriela Ines
- Vinayak Manish
- Violante Francesco S
- Viskadourou Maria
- Vladimirov Sergey Konstantinovitch
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vo Bay
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Vongpradith Avina
- Vos Theo
- Vujcic Isidora S
- Vukovic Rade
- Wafa Hatem A
- Waheed Yasir
- Wamai Richard G
- Wang Cong
- Wang Ning
- Wang Shu
- Wang Song
- Wang Yanzhong
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Waqas Muhammad
- Ward Paul
- Wassie Emebet Gashaw
- Watson Stefanie
- Watson Stephanie Louise Watson
- Weerakoon Kosala Gayan
- Wei Melissa Y
- Weintraub Robert G
- Weiss Daniel J
- Westerman Ronny
- Whisnant Joanna L
- Wiangkham Taweewat
- Wickramasinghe Dakshitha Praneeth
- Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana
- Wilandika Angga
- Wilkerson Caroline
- Willeit Peter
- Wilson Shadrach
- Wojewodzic Marcin W
- Woldegebreal Demewoz H
- Wolf Axel Walter
- Wolfe Charles D A
- Wondimagegene Yohannes Addisu
- Wong Yen Jun
- Wongsin Utoomporn
- Wool Eve E
- Wu Ai-Min
- Wu Chenkai
- Wu Felicia
- Wu Xinsheng
- Wu Zenghong
- Xia Juan
- Xiao Hong
- Xie Yang
- Xu Suowen
- Xu Wang-Dong
- Xu Xiaoyue
- Xu Yvonne Yiru
- Yadollahpour Ali
- Yamagishi Kazumasa
- Yang Danting
- Yang Lin
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yao Yao
- Yaribeygi Habib
- Ye Pengpeng
- Yehualashet Sisay Shewasinad
- Yesiltepe Metin
- Yesuf Subah Abderehim
- Yezli Saber
- Yi Siyan
- Yigezu Amanuel
- Yip Paul
- Yismaw Malede Berihun
- Yismaw Yazachew
- Yiğit Arzu
- Yiğit Vahit
- Yon Dong Keon
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- You Yuyi
- Younis Mustafa Z
- Yousefi Zabihollah
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yu Yong
- Yuh Faith H
- Zadey Siddhesh
- Zadnik Vesna
- Zafari Nima
- Zakham Fathiah
- Zaki Nazar
- Zaman Sojib Bin
- Zamora Nelson
- Zand Ramin
- Zangiabadian Moein
- Zar Heather J
- Zare Iman
- Zarrintan Armin
- Zeariya Mohammed G M
- Zeinali Zahra
- Zhang Haijun
- Zhang Jianrong
- Zhang Jingya
- Zhang Liqun
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi-Jiang
- Zhao Hanqing
- Zhong Chenwen
- Zhou Juexiao
- Zhu Bin
- Zhu Lei
- Ziafati Makan
- Zielińska Magdalena
- Zitoun Osama A
- Zoladl Mohammad
- Zou Zhiyong
- Zuhlke Liesl J
- Zumla Alimuddin
- Zweck Elric
- Zyoud Samer H
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Šekerija Mario
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 01/01/2024
- Field of study
BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Cellular localisation of structurally diverse diphenylacetylene fluorophores
- Author
- Publication venue
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Publication date
- 17/09/2020
- Field of study
Fluorescent probes are increasingly used as reporter molecules in a wide variety of biophysical experiments, but when designing new compounds it can often be difficult to anticipate the effect that changing chemical structure can have on cellular localisation and fluorescence behaviour. To provide further chemical rationale for probe design, a series of donor–acceptor diphenylacetylene fluorophores with varying lipophilicities and structures were synthesised and analysed in human epidermal cells using a range of cellular imaging techniques. These experiments showed that, within this family, the greatest determinants of cellular localisation were overall lipophilicity and the presence of ionisable groups. Indeed, compounds with high log D values (>5) were found to localise in lipid droplets, but conversion of their ester acceptor groups to the corresponding carboxylic acids caused a pronounced shift to localisation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mildly lipophilic compounds (log D = 2–3) with strongly basic amine groups were shown to be confined to lysosomes i.e. an acidic cellular compartment, but sequestering this positively charged motif as an amide resulted in a significant change to cytoplasmic and membrane localisation. Finally, specific organelles including the mitochondria could be targeted by incorporating groups such as a triphenylphosphonium moiety. Taken together, this account illustrates a range of guiding principles that can inform the design of other fluorescent molecules but, moreover, has demonstrated that many of these diphenylacetylenes have significant utility as probes in a range of cellular imaging studies
Photoactivated cell-killing involving a low molecular weight, donor-acceptor diphenylacetylene
- Author
- Publication venue
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Publication date
- 21/03/2019
- Field of study
Photoactivation of photosensitisers can be utilised to elicit the production of ROS, for potential therapeutic applications, including the destruction of diseased tissues and tumours. A novel class of photosensitiser, exemplified by DC324, has been designed possessing a modular, low molecular weight ‘drug-like’ structure which is bioavailable and can be photoactivated by UV-A/405 nm or corresponding two-photon absorption of near-IR (800 nm) light, resulting in powerful cytotoxic activity, ostensibly through the production of ROS in a cellular environment. A variety of in vitro cellular assays confirmed ROS formation and in vivo cytotoxic activity was exemplified via irradiation and subsequent targeted destruction of specific areas of a zebrafish embryo
Economic Research and Education Policy: Project Star and Class Size Reduction
- Author
- Abhijit Banerjee
- Alan B Krueger
- Alan B Krueger
- Alan B Krueger
- Alan B Krueger
- Alan B Krueger
- Alan B Krueger
- Alan Ginsburg
- Angus Deaton
- Angus Deaton
- Anthony Normore
- Aviva Aron-Dine
- Caroline Hoxby
- Christopher Jepsen
- Christopher Sims
- D Neal
- David Card
- David Greenberg
- Deirdre N Mccloskey
- Diane Schanzenbach
- Donald B Rubin
- Donald T Campbell
- Donald T Campbell
- Douglas E Mitchell
- Douglas N Harris
- Douglas N Harris
- Douglas N Harris
- Edward Funkhouser
- Edward Lazear
- Eric Hanushek
- Eric Hanushek
- Frederick Mosteller
- Friedman-Sokuler
- George W Bohrnstedt
- Graham Mckee
- Guido W Imbens
- H Levin
- Helen Pate-Bain
- Hyunkuk Cho
- J Currie
- J D Finn
- James J Heckman
- James J Heckman
- Jan P Vandenbroucke
- Jan P Vandenbroucke
- Jeffrey D Ullman
- Jens Ludwig
- Jesse Rothstein
- John Folger
- John Worrall
- Joshua D Angrist
- Joshua D Angrist
- Kaushik Basu
- M Urquiola
- Matthew Chingos
- Maximilian Kasy
- Moshe Justman
- Nancy Cartwright
- Nancy Cartwright
- Nye
- R Chetty
- R K Hambleton
- R Murnane
- Ricardo Hausmann
- Sarah Necker
- Stan M Shapson
- Stephen V Cameron
- Thomas D Cook
- Weili Ding
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2016
- Field of study
Babies in occiput posterior position are significantly more likely to require an emergency cesarean birth compared with babies in occiput transverse position in the second stage of labor: A prospective observational study
- Author
- Abdou Alaa
- Akhter Ferdousi
- Bain Alex
- Bansali Shailly Sahu
- Barlow Catriona
- Beatty Laura
- Berry Janet
- Bhatt Daxina
- Boregowda Geethanjali
- Boyes Zoe
- Braschi Jessica
- Carpenter Ciara
- Cartland Sarah
- Chandrasekaran Dhivya
- Channing Sarah
- Clarke Helen
- Collaborative UK Audit Res Trainee
- Conacher Angus
- Corr Trent
- Creed Michelle
- D'Sa Anusha
- Dalton John
- Danby Kate
- Dauleh Sarah
- Dave Fulva
- Davey Mark
- Day Fiona
- Day Tipswalo
- Dehnel Alexandra
- Doxford-Hook Elizabeth
- Egan Jemma
- Fernandes Jandy
- Fisher Amy
- George Smitha
- Ghosh Mausumi
- Grainger Rosie
- Guiver Julie
- Gulati Nidhi
- Gupta Mohita
- Hapangama Dharani
- Haque Noreen
- Hardy Dorota
- Harris Phillipa
- Hayward Samantha
- Hendry Fiona
- Ingamells Sarah
- Iyasere Cecilia
- Jilani Kiran
- Johnston Catherine
- Jones Angharad
- Jones Kate
- Jones Samantha
- Kakara Sudeepthi
- Kamran Atiyah
- Karanam Vijaya
- Kerr Robbie
- Lane Steven
- Lovell Rebecca
- Madari Sheethal
- Manning Louisa
- Martin Iain
- McAlpine-Scott Victoria
- McCormack Claire
- McCormick Aiste
- McDougall Anna
- Merzougui Sarra
- Miti Chimwemwe
- Mohamed Mohammad
- Mukherjee Srabini
- Nicholson Yulia
- Nightingale Gemma
- O'Sullivan Marie
- Ojukwu Obi
- Okano Sayaka
- Parry-Smith William
- Paterson Kirsty
- Pearce Melissa
- Perumalla Margaret
- Pettinger Tom
- Pilkington Lisa
- Player Jessica
- Prior Matthew
- Raghavan Radhae
- Ramachandran Nira
- Ramage Jennifer
- Ramshaw Nicola
- Rayner Eleanor
- Roberts Ruth
- Scott Malcolm
- Seetharaman Priyadharshini
- Short Daniel
- Smotra Grisham
- Smyth Camille
- Smyth Sarah
- Stelling Heidi
- Stevenson Helen
- Stone Cath
- Subba Kamana
- Syeda Nasreen
- Tamblyn Jennifer
- Tan Alex
- Tannous Dina
- Tempest Nicola
- Thomas Caryl
- Thompson Ruth
- Tibbott James
- Tildesley Rachel
- Tracey Susan
- Tvarozkova Katarina
- Veal Laura
- Wattar Bassel
- Williams Simon
- Wonnacott Alison
- Yorke Jemma
- Zafrani Lamia
- Zahid Rabia
- Publication venue
- 'Wiley'
- Publication date
- 01/04/2020
- Field of study
Effect of Antiplatelet Therapy on Survival and Organ Support–Free Days in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19
- Author
- Abbass Hakam
- Abdeladim Lilia
- Abdelhady Hesham
- Abdelkharim Hussam
- Abdelrazik Marwa
- Abdi Zakee
- Abdukahil Sheryl Ann
- Abel Lynn
- Abraham Jacinta
- Abrahamson Gail
- Abusamra Yousuf
- Aceto Romina
- Adams Peter
- Adebambo Olumide
- Adhikari Neill
- Affleck Julia
- Agha Gloria
- Aghemo Alessio
- Agno Ronan
- Aguilar-Dano April
- Ahmad Norfaizan
- Ain Quratul
- Ainscough Kate
- Ainsworth James
- Aitken Lindianne
- Akamp Ceren
- Al Amri Ali
- Al Enezi Farhan
- Al Qasim Eman
- Al-Bassam Wisam
- Al-Beidh Farah
- Albert Martin
- Albrett Jonathan
- Alderink Bashar
- Alderman Meera
- Alegria Ana
- Alexander Brian
- Alexander Peter
- Alfonso Jordan
- Ali Farisha
- Ali Maryam
- Ali Murtaza
- Allam Hayat
- Allen Barbara
- Allen Louise
- Allibone Suzanne
- Alqahtani Samah
- Alswaidan Lolowa
- Altomy Mohammed
- Amatya Sameena
- Ambrosino Richard
- Anders Jeanette
- Anderson Thomas
- Andreae Mark
- Andric Zdravko
- Angus Derek
- Anjum Aisha
- Ankert Juliane
- Annane Djillali
- Anne-Laure Fedou
- Anstey Matthew
- Antcliffe David
- Anthony Alpha
- Antoine Marchalot
- Antoine Pierre
- Antoine Studer
- Anumakonda Vikram
- Aparicio Christelle
- Apte Yogesh
- Arabi Yaseen
- Arachchige Malka
- Arbane Gill
- Archer Simon
- Aref Noah
- Arias Ana-Marie
- Arias Sonia
- Arishi Hatim
- Arnold Donald
- Arnold John
- Aryal Diptesh
- Asif Namra
- Aspinwall Angelique
- Attanayaka Udara
- Attokaran Antony
- Attwood Ben
- Au Carly
- Austin Karen
- Austin Pauline
- Avard Bronwyn
- Awan Sidra
- Azaiz Amine
- Azergui Nora
- Azzaui Harun
- Babel Jakša
- Babu Suresh
- Bacon Gina
- Badalamenti Salvatore
- Badie Julio
- Bagavathy Kavitha
- Bagot Catherine
- Bagshaw Sean
- Baig Nadia
- Baikady Ravishankar
- Baillie Kenneth
- Bain William
- Baker Evelyn
- Bakthavatsalam Dhanalakshmi
- Balaie Morteza
- Bamford Amy
- Bamford Peter
- Banach Dorota
- Bannard-Smith Jonathan
- Barbash Ian
- Barbazza Leanne
- Barber Russell
- Barbier François
- Barge Deborah
- Bari Sara
- Bariola Ryan
- Barker Gareth
- Barnes Nicky
- Baron Rebecca
- Barreau Amelie
- Bart Robert
- Bartholdy Roland
- Bartley Shauna
- Barton David
- Barton Frances
- Bashyal Archana
- Basile Kim
- Bass Frances
- Bassford Christopher
- Bastola Sirjana
- Bastos Joana Margarida Pereira Sousa
- Bates Michelle
- Bates Samantha
- Batista Teresa Margarida Oliveira
- Bauchmuller Kris
- Bean Sarah
- Beane Abi
- Beard Gregory
- Beasley Richard
- Beavis Sarah
- Bedford Caroline
- Beer Deborah
- Begin Phillipe
- Begum Salma
- Bell Gillian
- Bellemare David
- Beltran Mercedes
- Bendjemar Lynda
- Benettaib Fatna
- Bensen Nicole
- Benyon Sarah
- Benzekri Dalila
- Berdaguer Fernando
- Bergin Colin
- Berry Lindsay
- Berry Scott
- Berryman Emily
- Bertel Melanie
- Best-Lane Janis
- Besten Henny
- Bevan Emily
- Bewley Jeremy
- Beyerl Ashley
- Bhagani Sanjay
- Bhandal Khushpreet
- Bhattarai Binita
- Bhimani Zahra
- Bhonagiri Deepak
- Biddie Simon
- Bihari Shailesh
- Binnie Alexandra
- Biradar Vishwanath
- Birch Janine
- Birch Jenny
- Birchall Kathrine
- Birkinshaw Isobel
- Black Ethel
- Blackledge Bethany
- Blakemore Hayley
- Bland Yvonne
- Blank Elisabeth
- Bloos Frank
- Board Jasmin
- Bocher Simon
- Bociek Aneta
- Boivin Anne-Hélène
- Bojunga Jörg
- Bone Allison
- Bonner Stephen
- Bonten Marc
- Borgatta Barbara
- Borislavova Borislava
- Borrill Zoe
- Boschert Catherine
- Bossard Isabelle
- Boulanger Marie-Claude
- Boumahni Dounia
- Bouman Angela
- Bounab Rania
- Bourgoin Charlotte
- Bourne Michelle
- Bourne Richard
- Bouvier Elodie
- Bouw-Ruiter Marianne
- Boué Yvonnick
- Bowen James
- Bowler Helen
- Boyd Craig
- Boyles Rebecca
- Bracke Stephanie
- Bradbury Charlotte
- Bradley Paul
- Brady Kara
- Brailsford Jane
- Brain Matthew
- Brajković Ana
- Brakké Karen
- Brant Emily
- Breen Patrick
- Bremmer Pamela
- Brennan Aoife
- Bretagnol Anne
- Brett Stephen
- Brewer Chris
- Brickell Kathy
- Brieger Klaus-Gerd
- Brightling Chris
- Brillinger Nicole
- Brimfield Lutece
- Brinkerhoff Gail
- Brochard Laurent
- Brohi Farooq
- Brooks Nicole
- Brown Cynthia
- Brown Louise
- Browne Troy
- Brugman Curt
- Brunetta Enrico
- Brunkhorst Frank
- Brunskill Nigel
- Bryan-Morris Kayla
- Buchanan Philip
- Budd Joanna
- Buehner Ulrike
- Buhay Megan
- Buhr Heidi
- Burbee Dylan
- Burda Dorota
- Burke David
- Burke Tara
- Burkey Jason
- Burnish Rachel
- Burns Dean
- Burns Karen
- Burrell Aidan
- Burt Karen
- Buscher Hergen
- Butler Amelia
- Butler Magdalena
- Buxton Meredith
- Buzgau Adrian
- Byrne Kathleen
- Bélteczki János
- Cabrelli Louise
- Cabreros Leilani
- Cairns Tom
- Calfee Carolyn
- Callender Owen
- Cambalova Lenka
- Campbell Andrew
- Campbell Bridget
- Campbell Lewis
- Campbell Ryan
- Campisi Josie
- Campos Sara
- Camsooksai Julie
- Caplin Cecile
- Carbonneau Frédérick
- Carmona Rosario
- Carn Vanessa
- Carpio Lillian
- Carr-Wilkinson Joanne
- Carrier François
- Carrier Marc
- Carter Brittney
- Carter David
- Carter Jay
- Casali Sherry
- Casey Ruth
- Casey Siobhan
- Castelain Vincent
- Cathcart Susanne
- Catorze Nuno José Teodoro Amaro dos Santos
- Cattelan Jessy
- Cavayas Alexandros
- Cawley Kathryn
- Cazzola Federica
- Cecconi Maurizio
- Centofanti John
- Champanerkar Shreekant
- Chan Carmen
- Chan Charles
- Chan Peter
- Chapman Marianne
- Chapman Susan
- Charles Bethan
- Charles Walton
- Charlewood Richard
- Charlton Sam
- Charron Cyril
- Chartier Delphine
- Chasse Michael
- Chassé Michaël
- Chen Yan
- Cheng Allen
- Cherian Shiney
- Cheung Winston
- Chhablani Manish
- Chukkambotla Sri
- Ciccarelli Michele
- Cirstea Emanuel
- Clair Bernard
- Clark Michele
- Clark Richard
- Clark Sarah
- Clarke Frances
- Clarke Jennifer
- Claxton Andrew
- Clement Ian
- Clere-Jehl Raphael
- Clermont Giles
- Clermont Gilles
- Cloutier Ève
- Cockrell Maeve
- Codreanu Daniel
- Coetzee Samantha
- Coghlan Phoebe
- Cole Jade
- Coles Jennifer
- Colin Gwenhael
- Collier Dawn
- Collins Amy
- Collins Daniel
- Collins Emma
- Collins Érin
- Collis Matthew
- Combaux Daniele
- Commons Robert
- Comp Susan
- Connolly Karen
- Constantini Elena
- Contou Damien
- Cook Deborah
- Cook Tim
- Cooke Jill
- Cooke Justin
- Cooper Jamie
- Cooper Josh
- Cooper Lauren
- Cooper Melanie
- Cooper Nichola
- Corbett Sarah
- Corcoran Ele
- Cornell Sarah
- Cort Jon
- Costerousse Olivier
- Couillard-Chénard Émilie
- Courtin Laura
- Coutts Amanda
- Cove Matthew
- Cowdrey Keri-Anne
- Cowley Nicholas
- Cowton Amanda
- Coyne Mark
- Craner Michelle
- Craven Thomas
- Creagh-Brown Ben
- Cremer Olaf
- Crisp Nikki
- Croft Maria
- Cruz Raulle
- Cruz Rhoze
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- Smyth Michelle
- Smyth Naoise
- Soar Natalie
- Solesbury Amanda
- Somerville Alastair
- Song Rima
- Soukup Jens
- Southern David
- Southin Sara
- Spain Sandra
- Spencer Stephen
- Spencer Thomas
- Speyer Rebecca
- Spittle Nick
- Spivey Michael
- Spong Adam
- Sprinckmoller Stefan
- Squires Rebecca
- Stambaugh Martha
- Stammers Katie
- Stanciu Delia
- Stanworth Simon
- Starke Lisa
- Stavor Dara
- Stedman Roger
- Steffen Melanie
- Stephanie Gelinotte
- Sterba Martin
- Stevenson Lesley
- Stewart Richard
- Stone Sarah
- Stratton Emma
- Stronach Lucy
- Subbanna Umesh
- Suber Tomeka
- Sukuraman Anila
- Summerfield Anna
- Summers Charlotte
- Sundaram Radha
- Sundaran Dhinesh
- Surti Zuhra
- Sutherland Helen
- Sutherland Sara-Beth
- Sutterlin Laetitia
- Sutton Joanne
- Svitškar Nikolai
- Swabe Jacqueline
- Sweet Katie
- Sy Eric
- Szakmany Tamas
- Szigligeti Gábor
- Szőke Viktória
- Tai Charlotte
- Talia Nadine
- Tallott Mandy
- Tamme Kadri
- Taqdees Huda
- Tarr Esther
- Tate Margaret
- Tatham Kate
- Taylor Holly
- Taylor Melanie
- Templeton Maie
- Thomas Amy
- Thomas Emma
- Thomas Helen
- Thomas Matt
- Thomas Vicky
- Thompson Patricia
- Thompson Taylor
- Thomson Nicola
- Thrush Jessica
- Thurairatnam Saranya
- Tierney Carey
- Tinmouth Alan
- Tlayjeh Haytham
- Toffalo Sue
- Tolppa Timo
- Tomlinson Helen
- Tong Steve
- Tong Steven
- Tony Kiran
- Totzke Juliane
- Touma Omar
- Towns Miriam
- Trapani Tony
- Trask Kara
- Traverse Eleanor
- Tridente Ascanio
- Trim Fiona
- Trimmer Ken
- Triulzi Darrell
- Troeman Darren
- Trues Estefania
- Truman Nicholas
- Tsakiridou Kyriaki
- Tsang Jennifer
- Tsinaslanidis Georgios
- Tuckwell Caroline
- Tully Redmond
- Tully Riona
- Tung Raymond
- Turgeon Alexis
- Turki Salah
- Turner Anne
- Turner Keri
- Turner-Bone Ian
- Turns Margaret
- Tv Bharath
- Udayanga Ishara
- Uddin Ruzena
- Udy Andrew
- Umrani Zulfiqar
- Uriel Alison
- Ustianowski Andrew
- Uyeki Tim
- Vaara Suvi
- Vaduganathan Muthiah
- Vahtera Annukka
- Vale Cassandra
- Valentine Eliza
- Vamplew Luke
- van Bentum-Puijk Wilma
- van Beurden Marloes
- van Bree Sjoerd
- van de Veerdonk Frank
- van den Berg Lettie
- van den Oever Huub
- van der Eng Hetty
- van der Heyden Kymbalee
- van der Kraan-Donker Annemarie
- van Gulik Laura
- van Kimmenade Roland
- van Nieuwkoop Kees
- van Oosten Nienke
- van Opdorp Marjolein
- van Vonderen Marit
- van Zanten Arthur
- van Zuylen Tamara
- Vanjak Christian
- Vanmali Piyush
- Vargas Jr. Jesus
- Varghese Siby
- Vautier Sarah
- Vazquez-Grande Gloria
- Veenith Tonny
- Venkatesh Bala
- Venz Ellen
- Verlander Mark
- Vermassen Joris
- Vermeiren Daisy
- Verrier Nathalie
- Vertue Mark
- Verula Jerik
- Victor Saji
- Viehman Alex
- Vieillard-Baron Antoine
- Vignesh C
- Vincent Rachel
- Virdee Satwinder
- Visser Yorik
- Vita Tina
- Vodovar Dominique
- Voicu Sebastian
- Voigt Ingo
- Voiriot Guillaume
- Voza Antonio
- Vrolijk Loes
- Vuylsteke Alain
- Wagh Atul
- Wahl Nadine
- Waite Alicia
- Walden Andrew
- Walker Gena
- Walker Rachel
- Walsh Joanne
- Walsh Tim
- Walsham James
- Wang Shu
- Ward Geraldine
- Ward Kathryn
- Ward Luke
- Warnapura Loku
- Warnock Majella
- Watchorn Olivia
- Waters Abby
- Waterson Sharon
- Watkins Claire
- Watpool Irene
- Watts Angela
- Waugh Victoria
- Webb Steve
- Weber Lisa
- Weerasinghe Thanuja
- Weismann Dirk
- Weiss Daniel
- Weissman Alexandra
- Wells Colin
- Welters Ingeborg
- Westlake Samantha
- Wetherill Bill
- Wetzold Richard
- Whileman Amanda
- Whitbread Jennifer
- White Alison
- White Hayden
- White Ian
- White Katie
- Whitehead Christina
- Whitehouse Tony
- Wibrow Bradley
- Wigbers Jeanette
- Wilby Elizabeth
- Wilcox Elizabeth
- Wilcox Louise
- Wild Helen
- Wild Laura
- Wilding Laura
- Wiles Matt
- Wiley Daisy
- Wilhelmsen Elva
- Wilkinson Dean
- Willams Felicity
- Williams Alexandra
- Williams Angharad
- Williams Anna
- Williams Erin
- Williams Gemma
- Williams Karen
- Williams Patricia
- Williams Tony
- Williams Virginie
- Willis Joanna
- Willson Jayne
- Wilson Anna
- Wilson Craig
- Wilson Maggie
- Winters James
- Winters Lauren
- Wise Matt
- Wiseman Sophie
- Wisniewski Mary
- Wittenberg Wendy
- Wnuk Chris
- Woelke Amy
- Wong Helen
- Wong Onyee
- Wood Erica
- Wood Hannah
- Wood Tracy
- Woods Jane
- Woods Lindsey
- Worner Ruth
- Wren Jess
- Wren Lynn
- Wrey Brown Caroline
- Wright Chris
- Wunderley Renee
- Wyatt Rachel
- Wylie Katharine
- Xavier Kugan
- Yang Yang
- Yarad Elizabeth
- Yates David
- Yealy Donald
- Young Chelsea
- Young Ian
- Young Meredith
- Young Paul
- Youngstein Taryn
- Yu Haili
- Yusuff Hakeem
- Zaharia Mihaela
- Zaidi Abbas
- Zaki Ahmed
- Zaman Mohsin
- Zammit Claire
- Zapalac Marija
- Zarychanski Ryan
- Zhao Xiao
- Zinzoni Vanessa
- Zitter Letizia
- Zouita Louisa
- Đimoti Renata
- Publication venue
- American Medical Association
- Publication date
- 05/04/2022
- Field of study
International audienc
Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
- Author
- Aali Amirali
- Ababneh Hazim S
- Abate Yohannes Habtegiorgis
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbasgholizadeh Rouzbeh
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasian Mohammadreza
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd ElHafeez Samar
- Abd-Elsalam Sherief
- Abdelmasseh Michael
- Abdelwahab Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahifar Mohammad-Amin
- Abdoun Meriem
- Abdulah Deldar Morad
- Abdullahi Auwal
- Abebe Mesfin
- Abebe Samrawit Shawel
- Abedi Aidin
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abhilash E S
- Abidi Hassan
- Abiodun Olumide
- Aboagye Richard Gyan
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abolmaali Meysam
- Abouzid Mohamed
- Aboye Girma Beressa
- Abreu Lucas Guimarães
- Abrha Woldu Aberhe
- Abtahi Dariush
- Abu Rumeileh Samir
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen ME
- Abu-Zaid Ahmed
- Abualruz Hasan
- Abubakar Bilyaminu
- Aburuz Salahdein
- Accrombessi Manfred Mario Kokou
- Adal Tadele Girum
- Adamu Abdu A
- Addo Isaac Yeboah
- Addolorato Giovanni
- Adebiyi Akindele Olupelumi
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adepoju Abiola Victor
- Adetunji Charles Oluwaseun
- Adetunji Juliana Bunmi
- Adeyeoluwa Temitayo Esther
- Adeyinka Daniel Adedayo
- Adeyomoye Olorunsola Israel
- Admass Biruk Adie Adie
- Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
- Adra Saryia
- Afolabi Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika
- Afzal Muhammad Sohail
- Afzal Saira
- Agampodi Suneth Buddhika
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Aggarwal Manik
- Aghamiri Shahin
- Agide Feleke Doyore
- Agodi Antonella
- Agrawal Anurag
- Agyemang-Duah Williams
- Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
- Ahmad Aqeel
- Ahmad Danish
- Ahmad Firdos
- Ahmad Muayyad M
- Ahmad Sajjad
- Ahmad Shahzaib
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadzade Amir Mahmoud
- Ahmed Ali
- Ahmed Ayman
- Ahmed Haroon
- Ahmed Luai A
- Ahmed Mehrunnisha Sharif
- Ahmed Meqdad Saleh
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Ahmed Syed Anees
- Ajami Marjan
- Aji Budi
- Akara Essona Matatom
- Akbarialiabad Hossein
- Akinosoglou Karolina
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akkaif Mohammed Ahmed
- Akyirem Samuel
- Al Hamad Hanadi
- Al Hasan Syed Mahfuz
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-amer Rasmieh Mustafa
- Al-Azzam Sayer
- Al-Gheethi Adel Ali Saeed
- Al-Hanawi Mohammed Khaled
- Al-Marwani Sabah
- Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali Ali
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M
- Al-Omari Basem
- Al-Sabah Salman Khalifah
- Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A
- Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed
- Alahdab Fares
- Alalalmeh Samer O
- Alalwan Tariq A
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Manjurul
- Alam Noore
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M
- Albakri Almaza
- Albashtawy Mohammed
- AlBataineh Mohammad T
- Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth
- Aldawsari Khalifah A
- Aldhaleei Wafa A
- Aldridge Robert W
- Alema Haileselasie Berhane
- Alemayohu Mulubirhan Assefa
- Alemi Sharifullah
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Alhabib Khalid F
- Alhalaiqa Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji
- Ali Abid
- Ali Amjad
- Ali Liaqat
- Ali Mohammed Usman
- Ali Rafat
- Ali Shahid
- Ali Syed Shujait Shujait
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alif Sheikh Mohammad
- Alikhani Reyhaneh
- Alimohamadi Yousef
- Aliyi Ahmednur Adem
- Aljasir Mohammad A M
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla François
- Allebeck Peter
- Almazan Joseph Uy
- Almidani Louay
- Almidani Omar
- Alomari Mahmoud A
- Alonso Jordi
- Alqahtani Jaber S
- Alqalyoobi Shehabaldin
- Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen
- Altaany Zaid
- Altaf Awais
- Altirkawi Khalid A
- Aluh Deborah Oyine
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Alwafi Hassan
- Aly Hany
- Aly Safwat
- Alzoubi Karem H
- Amani Reza
- Amare Azmeraw T
- Amegbor Prince M
- Ameyaw Edward Kwabena
- Amin Tarek Tawfik
- Amindarolzarbi Alireza
- Amiri Sohrab
- Amirzade-Iranaq Mohammad Hosein
- Amu Hubert
- Amugsi Dickson A
- Amusa Ganiyu Adeniyi
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Anderson David B
- Andrade Pedro Prata
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Tudorel
- Angus Colin
- Anil Abhishek
- Anil Sneha
- Anoushiravani Amir
- Ansari Hossein
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Ansariadi Ansariadi
- Antony Catherine M
- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Anvari Davood
- Anvari Saeid
- Anwar Saleha
- Anwar Sumadi Lukman
- Anwer Razique
- Anyasodor Anayochukwu Edward
- Aqeel Muhammad
- Arab Juan Pablo
- Arabloo Jalal
- Arafat Mosab
- Aravkin Aleksandr Y
- Areda Demelash
- Aremu Abdulfatai
- Aremu Olatunde
- Ariffin Hany
- Arkew Mesay
- Armocida Benedetta
- Arndt Michael Benjamin
- Arooj Mahwish
- Artamonov Anton A
- Arulappan Judie
- Aruleba Raphael Taiwo
- Arumugam Ashokan
- Asaad Malke
- Asadi-Lari Mohsen
- Asgedom Akeza Awealom
- Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad
- Asghariahmadabad Mona
- Ashraf Muhammad
- Aslani Armin
- Astell-Burt Thomas
- Athar Mohammad
- Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
- Atinafu Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye
- Atlaw Habtamu Wondmagegn
- Atorkey Prince
- Atout Maha Moh'd Wahbi
- Atreya Alok
- Aujayeb Avinash
- Ausloos Marcel
- Avan Abolfazl
- Awedew Atalel Fentahun
- Aweke Amlaku Mulat
- Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina
- Ayatollahi Haleh
- Ayuso-Mateos Jose L
- Ayyoubzadeh Seyed Mohammad
- Azadnajafabad Sina
- Azevedo Rui M S
- Azzam Ahmed Y
- B Darshan B
- Babu Abraham Samuel
- Badar Muhammad
- Badiye Ashish D
- Baghdadi Soroush
- Bagheri Nasser
- Bagherieh Sara
- Bah Sulaiman
- Bahadorikhalili Saeed
- Bahmanziari Najmeh
- Bai Ruhai
- Baig Atif Amin
- Baker Jennifer L
- Bako Abdulaziz T
- Bakshi Ravleen Kaur
- Balakrishnan Senthilkumar
- Balasubramanian Madhan
- Baltatu Ovidiu Constantin
- Bam Kiran
- Banach Maciej
- Bandyopadhyay Soham
- Banik Palash Chandra
- Bansal Hansi
- Bansal Kannu
- Barbic Franca
- Barchitta Martina
- Bardhan Mainak
- Bardideh Erfan
- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
- Barone-Adesi Francesco
- Barqawi Hiba Jawdat
- Barrero Lope H
- Barrow Amadou
- Barteit Sandra
- Barua Lingkan
- Basharat Zarrin
- Bashiri Azadeh
- Basiru Afisu
- Baskaran Pritish
- Basnyat Buddha
- Bassat Quique
- Basso João Diogo
- Basting Ann V L
- Basu Sanjay
- Batra Kavita
- Baune Bernhard T
- Bayati Mohsen
- Bayileyegn Nebiyou Simegnew
- Beaney Thomas
- Bedi Neeraj
- Beghi Massimiliano
- Behboudi Emad
- Behera Priyamadhaba
- Behnoush Amir Hossein
- Behzadifar Masoud
- Beiranvand Maryam
- Bejarano Ramirez Diana Fernanda
- Belay Sefealem Assefa
- Belete Chalie Mulu
- Bell Michelle L
- Bello Muhammad Bashir
- Bello Olorunjuwon Omolaja
- Belo Luis
- Beloukas Apostolos
- Bender Rose Grace
- Bensenor Isabela M
- Beran Azizullah
- Berezvai Zombor
- Berhie Alemshet Yirga
- Berice Betyna N
- Bernstein Robert S
- Bertolacci Gregory J
- Bettencourt Paulo J G
- Beyene Kebede A
- Bhagat Devidas S
- Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
- Bhala Neeraj
- Bhalla Ashish
- Bhandari Dinesh
- Bhangdia Kayleigh
- Bhardwaj Nikha
- Bhardwaj Pankaj
- Bhardwaj Prarthna V
- Bhargava Ashish
- Bhaskar Sonu
- Bhat Vivek
- Bhatti Gurjit Kaur
- Bhatti Jasvinder Singh
- Bhatti Manpreet S
- Bhatti Rajbir
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bikbov Boris
- Bishai Jessica Devin
- Bisignano Catherine
- Bisulli Francesca
- Biswas Atanu
- Biswas Bijit
- Bitaraf Saeid
- Bitew Bikes Destaw
- Bitra Veera R
- Bjørge Tone
- Boachie Micheal Kofi
- Boampong Mary Sefa
- Bobirca Anca Vasilica
- Bodolica Virginia
- Bodunrin Aadam Olalekan
- Bogale Eyob Ketema
- Bogale Kassawmar Angaw
- Bohlouli Somayeh
- Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi
- Boloor Archith
- Bonakdar Hashemi Milad
- Bonny Aime
- Bora Basara Berrak
- Bora Kaustubh
- Borhany Hamed
- Borzutzky Arturo
- Bouaoud Souad
- Boustany Antoine
- Boxe Christopher
- Boyko Edward J
- Brady Oliver J
- Braithwaite Dejana
- Brant Luisa C
- Brauer Michael
- Brazinova Alexandra
- Brazo-Sayavera Javier
- Breitborde Nicholas J K
- Breitner Susanne
- Brenner Hermann
- Briko Andrey Nikolaevich
- Briko Nikolay Ivanovich
- Britton Gabrielle
- Brown Julie
- Brugha Traolach
- Bulamu Norma B
- Bulto Lemma N
- Buonsenso Danilo
- Burns Richard A
- Busse Reinhard
- Bustanji Yasser
- Butt Nadeem Shafique
- Butt Zahid A
- Bärnighausen Till Winfried
- Béjot Yannick
- Caetano dos Santos Florentino Luciano
- Calina Daniela
- Campos Luciana Aparecida
- Campos-Nonato Ismael R
- Cao Chao
- Cao Yin
- Capodici Angelo
- Carr Sinclair
- Carreras Giulia
- Carrero Juan J
- Carugno Andrea
- Carvalheiro Cristina G
- Carvalho Felix
- Carvalho Márcia
- Castaldelli-Maia Joao Mauricio
- Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos A
- Castelpietra Giulio
- Catalá-López Ferrán
- Catapano Alberico L
- Cattaruzza Maria Sofia
- Cederroth Christopher R
- Cegolon Luca
- Cembranel Francieli
- Cenderadewi Muthia
- Cercy Kelly M
- Cerin Ester
- Cevik Muge
- Chadwick Joshua
- Chahine Yaacoub
- Chakraborty Chiranjib
- Chakraborty Promit Ananyo
- Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai
- Chan Raymond N C
- Chandika Rama Mohan
- Chandrasekar Eeshwar K
- Chang Chin-Kuo
- Chang Jung-Chen
- Chanie Gashaw Sisay
- Charalampous Periklis
- Chattu Vijay Kumar
- Chaturvedi Pankaj
- Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou Victoria
- Chaurasia Akhilanand
- Chen An-Tian
- Chen Angela W
- Chen Catherine S
- Chen Haowei
- Chen Meng Xuan
- Chen Simiao
- Cheng Ching-Yu
- Cheng Esther T W
- Cherbuin Nicolas
- Cheru Wondimye Ashenafi
- Chien Ju-Huei
- Chimed-Ochir Odgerel
- Chimoriya Ritesh
- Ching Patrick R
- Chirinos-Caceres Jesus Lorenzo
- Chitheer Abdulaal
- Cho William C S
- Chong Bryan
- Chopra Hitesh
- Choudhari Sonali Gajanan
- Chowdhury Rajiv
- Christopher Devasahayam J
- Chukwu Isaac Sunday
- Chung Eric
- Chung Erin
- Chung Eunice
- Chung Sheng-Chia
- Chutiyami Muhammad
- Cindi Zinhle
- Cioffi Iolanda
- Claassens Mareli M
- Claro Rafael M
- Coberly Kaleb
- Cogen Rebecca M
- Columbus Alyssa
- Comfort Haley
- Conde Joao
- Cortese Samuele
- Cortesi Paolo Angelo
- Costa Vera Marisa
- Costanzo Simona
- Cousin Ewerton
- Couto Rosa A S
- Cowden Richard G
- Cramer Kenneth Michael
- Criqui Michael H
- Cruz-Martins Natália
- Cuadra-Hernández Silvia Magali
- Culbreth Garland T
- Cullen Patricia
- Cunningham Matthew
- Curado Maria paula
- Cámera Luis Alberto
- Cárdenas Rosario
- D'Oria Mario
- Dadana Sriharsha
- Dadras Omid
- Dai Siyu
- Dai Xiaochen
- Dai Zhaoli
- Dalli Lachlan L
- Damiani Giovanni
- Darega Gela Jiregna
- Das Jai K
- Das Saswati
- Das Subasish
- Dascalu Ana Maria
- Dash Nihar Ranjan
- Dashti Mohsen
- Dastiridou Anna
- Davey Gail
- Davis Weaver Nicole
- Davletov Kairat
- De Leo Diego
- de Luca Katie
- Debele Aklilu Tamire
- Debopadhaya Shayom
- Degenhardt Louisa
- Dehghan Azizallah
- Deitesfeld Lee
- Del Bo' Cristian
- Delgado-Enciso Ivan
- Demessa Berecha Hundessa
- Demetriades Andreas K
- Deng Ke
- Deng Xinlei
- Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar
- Deravi Niloofar
- Dereje Nebiyu
- Dervenis Nikolaos
- Dervišević Emina
- Des Jarlais Don C
- Desai Hardik Dineshbhai
- Desai Rupak
- Devanbu Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan
- Dewan Syed Masudur Rahman
- Dhali Arkadeep
- Dhama Kuldeep
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Dhingra Sameer
- Dhulipala Vishal R
- Dias da Silva Diana
- Diaz Daniel
- Diaz Michael J
- Dima Adriana
- Ding Delaney D
- Ding Huanghe
- Dinis-Oliveira Ricardo Jorge
- Dirac M Ashworth
- Djalalinia Shirin
- do Prado Camila Bruneli
- Do Thao Huynh Phuong
- Doaei Saeid
- Dodangeh Masoud
- Dodangeh Milad
- Dohare Sushil
- Dokova Klara Georgieva
- Dolecek Christiane
- Dominguez Regina-Mae Villanueva
- Dong Wanyue
- Dongarwar Deepa
- Dorostkar Fariba
- Dorsey E Ray
- dos Santos Wendel Mombaque
- Doshi Rajkumar
- Doshmangir Leila
- Dowou Robert Kokou
- Driscoll Tim Robert
- Dsouza Haneil Larson
- Dsouza Viola
- Du Mi
- Dube John
- Duncan Bruce B
- Duraes Andre Rodrigues
- Duraisamy Senbagam
- Durojaiye Oyewole Christopher
- Dwyer-Lindgren Laura
- Dzianach Paulina Agnieszka
- Dziedzic Arkadiusz Marian
- Dávila-Cervantes Claudio Alberto
- E'mar Abdel Rahman
- Eboreime Ejemai
- Ebrahimi Alireza
- Echieh Chidiebere Peter
- Edinur Hisham Atan
- Edvardsson David
- Edvardsson Kristina
- Efendi Defi
- Efendi Ferry
- Effendi Diyan Ermawan
- Eikemo Terje Andreas
- Eini Ebrahim
- Ekholuenetale Michael
- Ekundayo Temitope Cyrus
- El Sayed Iman
- El-Huneidi Waseem
- Elbarazi Iffat
- Elema Teshome Bekele
- Elemam Noha Mousaad
- Elgar Frank J
- Elgendy Islam Y
- ElGohary Ghada Metwally Tawfik
- Elhabashy Hala Rashad
- Elhadi Muhammed
- Elilo Legesse Tesfaye
- Elmeligy Omar Abdelsadek Abdou
- Elmonem Mohamed A
- Elshaer Mohammed
- Elsohaby Ibrahim
- Emeto Theophilus I
- Engelbert Bain Luchuo
- Erkhembayar Ryenchindorj
- Esezobor Christopher Imokhuede
- Eshrati Babak
- Eskandarieh Sharareh
- Espinosa-Montero Juan
- Esubalew Habtamu
- Etaee Farshid
- Fabin Natalia
- Fadaka Adewale Oluwaseun
- Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis
- Fahim Ayesha
- Fahimi Saman
- Fakhri-Demeshghieh Aliasghar
- Falzone Luca
- Fareed Mohammad
- Farinha Carla Sofia e Sá
- Faris MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud
- Faris Pawan Sirwan
- Faro Andre
- Fasanmi Abidemi Omolara
- Fatehizadeh Ali
- Fattahi Hamed
- Fauk Nelsensius Klau
- Fazeli Pooria
- Feigin Valery L
- Feizkhah Alireza
- Fekadu Ginenus
- Feng Xiaoru
- Fereshtehnejad Seyed-Mohammad
- Feroze Abdullah Hamid
- Ferrante Daniela
- Ferrari Alize J
- Ferreira Nuno
- Fetensa Getahun
- Feyisa Bikila Regassa
- Filip Irina
- Fischer Florian
- Flavel Joanne
- Flood David
- Florin Bobirca Teodor
- Foigt Nataliya A
- Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin
- Fomenkov Artem Alekseevich
- Foroutan Behzad
- Foroutan Masoud
- Forthun Ingeborg
- Fortuna Daniela
- Foschi Matteo
- Fowobaje Kayode Raphael
- Francis Kate Louise
- Franklin Richard Charles
- Freitas Alberto
- Friedman Joseph
- Friedman Sara D
- Fukumoto Takeshi
- Fuller John E
- Fux Blima
- Gaal Peter Andras
- Gadanya Muktar A
- Gaidhane Abhay Motiramji
- Gaihre Santosh
- Gakidou Emmanuela
- Galali Yaseen
- Galles Natalie C
- Gallus Silvano
- Ganbat Mandukhai
- Gandhi Aravind P
- Ganesan Balasankar
- Ganiyani Mohammad Arfat
- Garcia-Gordillo MA
- Gardner William M
- Garg Jalaj
- Garg Naval
- Gautam Rupesh K
- Gbadamosi Semiu Olatunde
- Gebi Tilaye Gebru
- Gebregergis Miglas W
- Gebrehiwot Mesfin
- Gebremeskel Teferi Gebru
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- Yesiltepe Metin
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- Yezli Saber
- Yi Siyan
- Yigezu Amanuel
- Yip Paul
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- Yismaw Yazachew
- Yiğit Arzu
- Yiğit Vahit
- Yon Dong Keon
- Yonemoto Naohiro
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- Younis Mustafa Z
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- Yu Chuanhua
- Yu Yong
- Yuh Faith H
- Zadey Siddhesh
- Zadnik Vesna
- Zafari Nima
- Zakham Fathiah
- Zaki Nazar
- Zaman Sojib Bin
- Zamora Nelson
- Zand Ramin
- Zangiabadian Moein
- Zar Heather J
- Zare Iman
- Zarrintan Armin
- Zeariya Mohammed G M
- Zeinali Zahra
- Zhang Haijun
- Zhang Jianrong
- Zhang Jingya
- Zhang Liqun
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi-Jiang
- Zhao Hanqing
- Zhong Chenwen
- Zhou Juexiao
- Zhu Bin
- Zhu Lei
- Ziafati Makan
- Zielińska Magdalena
- Zitoun Osama A
- Zoladl Mohammad
- Zou Zhiyong
- Zuhlke Liesl J
- Zumla Alimuddin
- Zweck Elric
- Zyoud Samer H
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Šekerija Mario
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 01/04/2024
- Field of study
BackgroundRegular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations.MethodsThe Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model—a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates—with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality—which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds.FindingsThe leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2–100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1–290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1–211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4–48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3–37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7–9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles.InterpretationLong-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere
Long-term (180-Day) outcomes in critically Ill patients with COVID-19 in the REMAP-CAP randomized clinical trial
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- Whitbread J
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- Zarychanski R
- Zhao X
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- Publication venue
- 'American Medical Association (AMA)'
- Publication date
- 30/11/2022
- Field of study
Importance The longer-term effects of therapies for the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 are unknown. Objective To determine the effect of multiple interventions for critically ill adults with COVID-19 on longer-term outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants Prespecified secondary analysis of an ongoing adaptive platform trial (REMAP-CAP) testing interventions within multiple therapeutic domains in which 4869 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 were enrolled between March 9, 2020, and June 22, 2021, from 197 sites in 14 countries. The final 180-day follow-up was completed on March 2, 2022. Interventions Patients were randomized to receive 1 or more interventions within 6 treatment domains: immune modulators (n = 2274), convalescent plasma (n = 2011), antiplatelet therapy (n = 1557), anticoagulation (n = 1033), antivirals (n = 726), and corticosteroids (n = 401). Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was survival through day 180, analyzed using a bayesian piecewise exponential model. A hazard ratio (HR) less than 1 represented improved survival (superiority), while an HR greater than 1 represented worsened survival (harm); futility was represented by a relative improvement less than 20% in outcome, shown by an HR greater than 0.83. Results Among 4869 randomized patients (mean age, 59.3 years; 1537 [32.1%] women), 4107 (84.3%) had known vital status and 2590 (63.1%) were alive at day 180. IL-6 receptor antagonists had a greater than 99.9% probability of improving 6-month survival (adjusted HR, 0.74 [95% credible interval {CrI}, 0.61-0.90]) and antiplatelet agents had a 95% probability of improving 6-month survival (adjusted HR, 0.85 [95% CrI, 0.71-1.03]) compared with the control, while the probability of trial-defined statistical futility (HR >0.83) was high for therapeutic anticoagulation (99.9%; HR, 1.13 [95% CrI, 0.93-1.42]), convalescent plasma (99.2%; HR, 0.99 [95% CrI, 0.86-1.14]), and lopinavir-ritonavir (96.6%; HR, 1.06 [95% CrI, 0.82-1.38]) and the probabilities of harm from hydroxychloroquine (96.9%; HR, 1.51 [95% CrI, 0.98-2.29]) and the combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine (96.8%; HR, 1.61 [95% CrI, 0.97-2.67]) were high. The corticosteroid domain was stopped early prior to reaching a predefined statistical trigger; there was a 57.1% to 61.6% probability of improving 6-month survival across varying hydrocortisone dosing strategies. Conclusions and Relevance Among critically ill patients with COVID-19 randomized to receive 1 or more therapeutic interventions, treatment with an IL-6 receptor antagonist had a greater than 99.9% probability of improved 180-day mortality compared with patients randomized to the control, and treatment with an antiplatelet had a 95.0% probability of improved 180-day mortality compared with patients randomized to the control. Overall, when considered with previously reported short-term results, the findings indicate that initial in-hospital treatment effects were consistent for most therapies through 6 months