26,517 research outputs found
Time-Series Analysis of Super-Kamiokande Measurements of the Solar Neutrino Flux
The Super-Kamiokande Consortium has recently released data suitable for
time-series analysis. The binning is highly regular: the power spectrum of the
acquisition times has a huge peak (power S > 120) at the frequency (in cycles
per year) 35.98 (period 10.15 days), where power measurements are such that the
probability of obtaining a peak of strength S or more by chance at a specified
frequency is exp(-S). This inevitably leads to severe aliasing of the power
spectrum. The strongest peak in the range 0 - 100 in a power spectrum formed by
a likelihood procedure is at 26.57 (period 13.75 days) with S = 11.26. For the
range 0 - 40, the second-strongest peak is at 9.42 (period 38.82 days) with S =
7.3. Since 26.57 + 9.42 = 35.99, we conclude that the weaker peak at 9.42 is an
alias of the stronger peak at 26.57. We note that 26.57 falls in the band 26.36
- 27.66, formed from twice the range of synodic rotation frequencies of an
equatorial section of the Sun for normalized radius larger than 0.1.
Oscillations at twice the rotation frequency, attributable to "m = 2"
structures, are not uncommon in solar data. We find from the shuffle test that
the probability of obtaining a peak of S = 11.26 or more by chance in this band
is 0.1 %. This new result therefore supports at the 99.9% confidence level
previous evidence, found in Homestake and GALLEX-GNO data, for rotational
modulation of the solar neutrino flux. The frequency 25.57 points to a source
of modulation at or near the tachocline.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure
Effect of aging on the reinforcement efficiency of carbon nanotubes in epoxy matrix
The reinforcement efficiency of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in epoxy matrix was
investigated in the elastic regime. Cyclic uniaxial tensile tests were
performed at constant strain amplitude and increasing maximum strain.
Post-curing of the epoxy and its composite at a temperature close to the glass
transition temperature allowed us to explore the effect of aging on the
reinforcement efficiency of CNT. It is found that the reinforcement efficiency
is compatible with a mean field mixture rule of stress reinforcement by random
inclusions. It also diminishes when the maximum strain increased and this
effect is amplified by aging. The decrease of elastic modulus with increasing
cyclic maximum strain is quite similar to the one observed for filled
elastomers with increasing strain amplitude, a phenomenon often referred as the
Payne effect
Structural Change in (Economic) Time Series
Methods for detecting structural changes, or change points, in time series
data are widely used in many fields of science and engineering. This chapter
sketches some basic methods for the analysis of structural changes in time
series data. The exposition is confined to retrospective methods for univariate
time series. Several recent methods for dating structural changes are compared
using a time series of oil prices spanning more than 60 years. The methods
broadly agree for the first part of the series up to the mid-1980s, for which
changes are associated with major historical events, but provide somewhat
different solutions thereafter, reflecting a gradual increase in oil prices
that is not well described by a step function. As a further illustration, 1990s
data on the volatility of the Hang Seng stock market index are reanalyzed.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
Lanczos algorithm with Matrix Product States for dynamical correlation functions
The density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm can be adapted to
the calculation of dynamical correlation functions in various ways which all
represent compromises between computational efficiency and physical accuracy.
In this paper we reconsider the oldest approach based on a suitable
Lanczos-generated approximate basis and implement it using matrix product
states (MPS) for the representation of the basis states. The direct use of
matrix product states combined with an ex-post reorthogonalization method
allows to avoid several shortcomings of the original approach, namely the
multi-targeting and the approximate representation of the Hamiltonian inherent
in earlier Lanczos-method implementations in the DMRG framework, and to deal
with the ghost problem of Lanczos methods, leading to a much better convergence
of the spectral weights and poles. We present results for the dynamic spin
structure factor of the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain. A
comparison to Bethe ansatz results in the thermodynamic limit reveals that the
MPS-based Lanczos approach is much more accurate than earlier approaches at
minor additional numerical cost.Comment: final version 11 pages, 11 figure
Fluctuations of Matrix Entries of Regular Functions of Wigner Matrices
We study the fluctuations of the matrix entries of regular functions of
Wigner random matrices in the limit when the matrix size goes to infinity. In
the case of the Gaussian ensembles (GOE and GUE) this problem was considered by
A.Lytova and L.Pastur in J. Stat. Phys., v.134, 147-159 (2009). Our results are
valid provided the off-diagonal matrix entries have finite fourth moment, the
diagonal matrix entries have finite second moment, and the test functions have
four continuous derivatives in a neighborhood of the support of the Wigner
semicircle law.Comment: minor corrections; the manuscript will appear in the Journal of
Statistical Physic
Testing linear hypotheses in high-dimensional regressions
For a multivariate linear model, Wilk's likelihood ratio test (LRT)
constitutes one of the cornerstone tools. However, the computation of its
quantiles under the null or the alternative requires complex analytic
approximations and more importantly, these distributional approximations are
feasible only for moderate dimension of the dependent variable, say .
On the other hand, assuming that the data dimension as well as the number
of regression variables are fixed while the sample size grows, several
asymptotic approximations are proposed in the literature for Wilk's \bLa
including the widely used chi-square approximation. In this paper, we consider
necessary modifications to Wilk's test in a high-dimensional context,
specifically assuming a high data dimension and a large sample size .
Based on recent random matrix theory, the correction we propose to Wilk's test
is asymptotically Gaussian under the null and simulations demonstrate that the
corrected LRT has very satisfactory size and power, surely in the large and
large context, but also for moderately large data dimensions like or
. As a byproduct, we give a reason explaining why the standard chi-square
approximation fails for high-dimensional data. We also introduce a new
procedure for the classical multiple sample significance test in MANOVA which
is valid for high-dimensional data.Comment: Accepted 02/2012 for publication in "Statistics". 20 pages, 2 pages
and 2 table
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Overcoming myelosuppression due to synthetic lethal toxicity for FLT3-targeted acute myeloid leukemia therapy.
Activating mutations in FLT3 confer poor prognosis for individuals with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Clinically active investigational FLT3 inhibitors can achieve complete remissions but their utility has been hampered by acquired resistance and myelosuppression attributed to a 'synthetic lethal toxicity' arising from simultaneous inhibition of FLT3 and KIT. We report a novel chemical strategy for selective FLT3 inhibition while avoiding KIT inhibition with the staurosporine analog, Star 27. Star 27 maintains potency against FLT3 in proliferation assays of FLT3-transformed cells compared with KIT-transformed cells, shows no toxicity towards normal human hematopoiesis at concentrations that inhibit primary FLT3-mutant AML blast growth, and is active against mutations that confer resistance to clinical inhibitors. As a more complete understanding of kinase networks emerges, it may be possible to define anti-targets such as KIT in the case of AML to allow improved kinase inhibitor design of clinical agents with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity
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Large-scale Quality Control of Cardiac Imaging in Population Studies: Application to UK Biobank
In large population studies such as the UK Biobank (UKBB), quality control of the acquired images by visual assessment is unfeasible. In this paper, we apply a recently developed fully-automated quality control pipeline for cardiac MR (CMR) images to the first 19,265 short-axis (SA) cine stacks from the UKBB. We present the results for the three estimated quality metrics (heart coverage, inter-slice motion and image contrast in the cardiac region) as well as their potential associations with factors including acquisition details and subject-related phenotypes. Up to 14.2% of the analysed SA stacks had sub-optimal coverage (i.e. missing basal and/or apical slices), however most of them were limited to the first year of acquisition. Up to 16% of the stacks were affected by noticeable inter-slice motion (i.e. average inter-slice misalignment greater than 3.4 mm). Inter-slice motion was positively correlated with weight and body surface area. Only 2.1% of the stacks had an average end-diastolic cardiac image contrast below 30% of the dynamic range. These findings will be highly valuable for both the scientists involved in UKBB CMR acquisition and for the ones who use the dataset for research purposes
XMM-Newton View of PKS 2155-304: Characterizing the X-ray Variability Properties with EPIC-PN
Starting from XMM-Newton EPIC-PN data, we present the X-ray variability
characteristics of PKS 2155-304 using a simple analysis of the excess variance,
\xs, and of the fractional rms variability amplitude, fvar. The scatter in \xs\
and \fvar, calculated using 500 s long segments of the light curves, is smaller
than the scatter expected for red noise variability. This alone does not imply
that the underlying process responsible for the variability of the source is
stationary, since the real changes of the individual variance estimates are
possibly smaller than the large scatters expected for a red noise process. In
fact the averaged \xs and \fvar, reducing the fluctuations of the individual
variances, chang e with time, indicating non-stationary variability. Moreover,
both the averaged \sqxs (absolute rms variability amplitude) and \fvar show
linear correlation with source flux but in an opposite sense: \sqxs correlates
with flux, but \fvar anti-correlates with flux. These correlations suggest that
the variability process of the source is strongly non-stationary as random
scatters of variances should not yield any correlation. \fvar spectra were
constructed to compare variability amplitudes in different energy bands. We
found that the fractional rms variability amplitude of the source, when
significant variability is observed, increases logarithmically with the photon
energy, indicating significant spectral variability. The point-to-point
variability amplitude may also track this trend, suggesting that the slopes of
the power spectral density of the source are energy-independent. Using the
normalized excess variance the black hole mass of \pks was estimated to be
about . This is compared and contrasted with the
estimates derived from measurements of the host galaxies.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa
Random matrices: Universality of local eigenvalue statistics up to the edge
This is a continuation of our earlier paper on the universality of the
eigenvalues of Wigner random matrices. The main new results of this paper are
an extension of the results in that paper from the bulk of the spectrum up to
the edge. In particular, we prove a variant of the universality results of
Soshnikov for the largest eigenvalues, assuming moment conditions rather than
symmetry conditions. The main new technical observation is that there is a
significant bias in the Cauchy interlacing law near the edge of the spectrum
which allows one to continue ensuring the delocalization of eigenvectors.Comment: 24 pages, no figures, to appear, Comm. Math. Phys. One new reference
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