An Intrusion Detection System Algorithm for Defending MANET against the DDoS Attacks.

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is rapidly deployable, self configuring network able to communicate with each other without the aid of any centralized system. There is no need for existing infrastructure base network. In MANET Wireless medium is radio frequencies and nodes are mobile, topology can be very dynamically. Nodes must be able to relay traffic since communicating nodes might be out of range. A MANET can be a standalone network or it can be connected to external networks like internet. Multihop operation of MANET requires a routing mechanism designed for mobile nodes are internet access mechanisms, self configuring networks requires an address allocation mechanism, mechanism to detect and act on, merging of existing networks and security mechanisms. As we know that there is no any centralized system so routing is done by node itself. Due to its mobility and self routing capability nature, there are many weaknesses in its security

Design and Development of Garlic Peeling Machine by Human Powered Flywheel Motor Concept for Rural Dwellers Development

This invention is a new proposed model of peeling the garlic skins with mechanical functionality. Working with the simple and basic mechanism, this is utilising to peel the skin of garlic cloves. This device consists of components like flywheel, process unitand peeler. It reduces the time consumption and protects the hand fingers from the welfare issues like irritation in fingers and nail breakings

Formulation and in vitro evaluation of fast dissolving tablets of metoprolol tartrate

The demand for fast dissolving tablets has been growing during the last decade, especially for elderly and children who have swallowing difficulties. In the present work, fast dissolving tablets of metoprolol tartrate, were prepared using sodium starch glycolate, sodium croscarmellose and crospovidone as superdisintegrants, by the direct compression method. The tablets prepared were evaluated for various parameters including weight variation, hardness, friability, in vitro dispersion time, drug-polymer interaction, drug content water absorption ratio, wetting time, in vitro drug release, FTIR and DSC studies. The tablets prepared by the direct compression method had a weight variation in the range of 145 mg to 152 mg, which is below ± 7.5%, a hardness of 3.6 kg/cm² to 4.5 kg/cm², percentage friability of 0.46% to 0.73%, in vitro dispersion time of 18 s to 125 s, drug content uniformity of between 98.12% and 100.03%, a water absorption ratio of 67% to 87%, wetting time of 32 sec. to 64 sec., and an in vitro drug release of 53.92% - 98.82% within 15 min. The IR spectral analysis and DSC study showed no drug interaction with formulation additives of the tablet, and the formulations indicated no significant changes in hardness, friability, drug content or in vitro drug release. Fast dissolving tablets of metoprolol tartrate have enhanced dissolution and will lead to improved bioavailability and more effective therapy

Incisional hernia following colorectal cancer surgery according to suture technique: Hughes Abdominal Repair Randomized Trial (HART).

BACKGROUND: Incisional hernias cause morbidity and may require further surgery. HART (Hughes Abdominal Repair Trial) assessed the effect of an alternative suture method on the incidence of incisional hernia following colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS: A pragmatic multicentre single-blind RCT allocated patients undergoing midline incision for colorectal cancer to either Hughes closure (double far-near-near-far sutures of 1 nylon suture at 2-cm intervals along the fascia combined with conventional mass closure) or the surgeon's standard closure. The primary outcome was the incidence of incisional hernia at 1 year assessed by clinical examination. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. RESULTS: Between August 2014 and February 2018, 802 patients were randomized to either Hughes closure (401) or the standard mass closure group (401). At 1 year after surgery, 672 patients (83.7 per cent) were included in the primary outcome analysis; 50 of 339 patients (14.8 per cent) in the Hughes group and 57 of 333 (17.1 per cent) in the standard closure group had incisional hernia (OR 0.84, 95 per cent c.i. 0.55 to 1.27; P = 0.402). At 2 years, 78 patients (28.7 per cent) in the Hughes repair group and 84 (31.8 per cent) in the standard closure group had incisional hernia (OR 0.86, 0.59 to 1.25; P = 0.429). Adverse events were similar in the two groups, apart from the rate of surgical-site infection, which was higher in the Hughes group (13.2 versus 7.7 per cent; OR 1.82, 1.14 to 2.91; P = 0.011). CONCLUSION: The incidence of incisional hernia after colorectal cancer surgery is high. There was no statistical difference in incidence between Hughes closure and mass closure at 1 or 2 years. REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN25616490 (http://www.controlled-trials.com)

Areview:sparse Representationusingmultiple Kernel Approach for Efficient and Accurate Face Recognition

This review paper highlights accuracy of MKL-SRC(Multiple Kernel Learning Sparse Representation Classifi-cation) algorithm on different image classification databases like AR , Extended Yale B, RGBD. Different classification techniques are reviewed. The main objective of MKL-SRC is to classify im-ages in environment having occlusion and noise. MKLSRC using non linear kernel with kernel trick where L1 minimization is used to find sparserepresentation

Studies on structural, optical and photoelectron transportation in solution grown nanosize CdS thin films for photosensor application

130-136CdS Thin films of different thicknesses have been deposited onto glass substrates at 60°C.The source materials for Cd and S have been used as CdCl2 and NH2-CS-NH2 in ammonia solution respectively. The reaction mechanism involved the preparation of film onto precleaned glass substrate through Cd2+ and S2 ions in aqueous solution. Deposited thin films were annealed in air from 50 to 450oC. The XRD results are presented only for the films annealed from 300 to 450oC, as below 300oC there is no appreciable change in crystal structure. From the XRD patterns, films are seen to be polycrystalline in nature with the formation hexagonal phase. The crystallinity of the films was improved by annealing in air at 400°C. The optical transmittance, reflectance and absorption of annealed CdS thin films with different value of thicknesses are then studied in the energy range 1.1-4.0 eV. The CdS films showed allowed direct optical band gap Eg = 2.38 eV. Films of different thicknesses have same maximum transmittance intensity at same wavelength, 590 nm but refractive index varies in the range 2.15-2.85. The photoconductivity of different thicknesses CdS films has been measured with varying light intensity level as L0.2-L1 and it has been observed that the photoconductivity is changed. The decay time constants and demarcation time (60-80 s) have been calculated by photoconductivity measurement and have same values for all different thicknesses of CdS films. The above results are useful for low cost photosensor device applications

Myriad manifestations of Williams syndrome

4 months male child presented with failure to thrive. On general examination child had normal O2 saturation with characterstic elfin facies. Further evaluation of the patient showed major manifestations of Williams syndrome in form of supravalvar aortic stenosis, branched pulmonary artery stenosis along with cardiomyopathy. Although the entity is known, this article shows comprehensive diagnostic workup with the aid of multimodality imaging techniques. The genetic diagnosis of Williams syndrome was confirmed using fluroscent in situ hybridisation techniques (FISH). In this patient most of the manifestations of elastin vasculopathy were noted in the form of involvement of ascending aorta, pulmonary arteries and myocardium. We also want to emphasis the importance of echocardiography in newborn patients with dysmorphic facies as Williams syndrome can be easily missed in neonatal period

Divalent N(I) Character in 2‑(Thiazol-2-yl)guanidine: An Electronic Structure Analysis

Several medicinally important compounds carry a 2-(thiazol-2-yl)­guanidine unit. These species are generally (erroneously) represented as 1-(thiazol-2-yl)­guanidine species. Quantum chemical studies were performed to identify the appropriate tautomeric state of this class of compounds. B3LYP/6-31+G­(d) calculations indicate the preferred tautomeric state of these species is associated with the 2-(thiazol-2-yl)­guanidine structure rather than the 1-(thiazol-2-yl)­guanidine structure. G2MP2 calculations on the model system were carried out to study the electronic structure, electron delocalization, and protonation energy; MESP, ELF, HOMA, AIM, and NBO analyses were also carried out. The results indicate that this class of compounds may be treated as species with hidden ::N­(←L)­R character. Upon protonation of the thiazole ring nitrogen, these systems show the electronic structure as in ::N­(←L)₂^⊕ systems with divalent N­(I) oxidation state

Surveillance arterioveNous fistulAs using ultRasound (SONAR) trial in haemodialysis patients: a study protocol for a multicentre observational study

INTRODUCTION: Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are considered the best and safest modality for providing haemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease. Only 20% of UK centres achieve the recommended 80% target for achieving dialysis of the prevalent dialysis population via permanent access (as opposed to a central venous catheter). This is partly due to the relatively poor maturation rate of newly created fistulas, with as many as 50% of fistulas failing to mature. // The Surveillance Of arterioveNous fistulAe using ultRasound study will examine whether a protocolised programme of Doppler ultrasound (US) surveillance can identify, early after creation, potentially correctable problems in those AVFs that subsequently fail to mature. // METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a multicentre observational study that will assess newly created AVFs by Doppler US performed at 2, 4, 6 and 10 weeks after creation. The primary outcome measure will be primary fistula patency at week 10. Secondary outcome measures include: successful use of the fistula; clinical suitability for dialysis; creation of new fistula or radiological salvage; fistula thrombosis; secondary fistula patency rate and patient acceptability. // ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by the Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire Research Ethics Committee and by the Health Research Authority (REC 18/EE/0234). The results generated from this work will be published as open access, within 3 years of trial commencement. We will also present our findings at key national/international renal meetings, as well as support volunteers at renal patient groups to disseminate the trial outcome