Bioart : définition(s) et enjeux éthiques. Essai introductif

The aim of this introductory paper is twofold.First, we seek to illustrate which are the difficulties intowhich one runs when one attempts to give a precise definitionof what bioart is. Our hypothesis is that every attemptat such definition runs into a paradox. Indeed, if onthe one hand, every definition seems inevitably reductionist,unjustly omitting one or more elements, on the otherhand, defining and constraining the study area is a necessarypreliminary step to understand the artistic phenomenonknown as bioart. In the second part of our paper, attentionwill be focused on the ethical issues that bioartconfront us with. These issues are all the more relevant,given the fact that bioartists often make use of biotechnologiesto manipulate living organisms for artistic purposes

Marginally of institutional science, philosophy and anthropology of movement of biohacking in France

Le biohacking est une vive critique contre les institutions scientifiques officielles et un appel à plus de liberté à travers notamment la constitution de laboratoires citoyens « indépendants », les biohackerspaces. Mon étude philosophique et anthropologique s’est basée essentiellement sur un laboratoire citoyen, la Myne à Lyon. Après une partie historique décrivant et analysant les influences épistémologiques dont s’inspire le biohacking, je me suis posé plusieurs questions : en quoi la pratique du bricolage technique et scientifique réalisée dans ces espaces, amène à construire de « nouvelles » normes et valeurs morales ? Comment se construit l’éthique collective au sein d’un espace tel que la Myne ? Comment les valeurs morales défendues sont opérationnalisées sur le terrain ? Comment s’articule la construction d’une éthique collective avec l’ensemble des éthiques individuelles au cours du temps ? L’objectif de ce travail, à travers l’analyse critique de ce mouvement, est de conduire à une réflexion plus large sur la participation citoyenne dans les choix technoscientifiques et sur les politiques de production scientifique et technique.Biohacking provides sharp criticism against official scientific institutions and endorses a call for more freedom through the constitution of “independent” citizen laboratories, the so-called biohackerspaces. My dissertation, which has a philosophical and anthropological focus, is based essentially on the study of a citizen laboratory, la Myne in Lyon. After a historical part, dedicated to the description and analysis of the epistemological influences which inspire biohacking, I poses several questions: how does the practice of technical and scientific Do-It-Yourself in these spaces lead to the construction of “new” norms and moral values? How is collective ethics articulated in a space like la Myne? How do the moral values defended become operative with the set of an individual ethics throughout the time? The aim of this dissertation is to lead through a critical analysis of biohacking to a broader reflection on citizens’ participation in techno-scientific choices and on policies concerning scientific and technical production

Inventaire fac’: un programme de science participative sur les campus étudiants

International audienc

Bioart

International audienc

Définition(s) et enjeux éthiques. Essai introductif

UID/FIL/00183/2019The aim of this introductory paper is twofold. First, we seek to illustrate which are the difficulties into which one runs when one attempts to give a precise definition of what bioart is. Our hypothesis is that every attempt at such definition runs into a paradox. Indeed, if on the one hand, every definition seems inevitably reductionist, unjustly omitting one or more elements, on the other hand, defining and constraining the study area is a necessary preliminary step to understand the artistic phenomenon known as bioart. In the second part of our paper, attention will be focused on the ethical issues that bioart confront us with. These issues are all the more relevant, given the fact that bioartists often make use of biotechnologies to manipulate living organisms for artistic purposes.publishersversionpublishe

Grinders, biohackers, transhumanistes, du pareil au même?

International audienc

Multidisciplinarity for biodiversity management on campus through citizen sciences

International audienceThis paper explores the means to investigate the biodiversity of multiple french campus. This is achieved by building multidisciplinary human relationships inside and between campus and between different researches laboratories. The “BiodiverCity” project, related to “Inventaire Fac'” and “neOCampus”, is encompassing expertise from several fields: informatic, social and environmental sciences as well as arts. It aims at harvesting data on biodiversity locations on several campus. This paper shows how this type of interdisciplinary cooperation can shape a citizen sciences projects. The presented case study is based on an Android mobile application named BiodiverCity that allows any campus user to notify the location of a contact with an animal or a plant on the campus territory along with its picture. This application is relayed by Inventaire Fac' in charge of the data validation, storage and communication. This case study is viewed as an opportunity to investigate why people care about their campus wildlife and flora, and to examine how does the generated critical material provides pertinent data for campus green area management and conservation

Transmission des virus non-circulants à partir des protoplastes infectés

National audienc

VAPA, an Innovative ‘‘Virus-Acquisition Phenotyping Assay’ ’ Opens New Horizons in Research into the Vector- Transmission of Plant Viruses

Host-to-host transmission—a key step in plant virus infection cycles—is ensured predominantly by vectors, especially aphids and related insects. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of virus acquisition, which is critical to vectortransmission, might help to design future virus control strategies, because any newly discovered molecular or cellular process is a potential target for hampering viral spread within host populations. With this aim in mind, an aphid membranefeeding assay was developed where aphids transmitted two non-circulative viruses [cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and turnip mosaic virus] from infected protoplasts. In this assay, virus acquisition occurs exclusively from living cells. Most interestingly, we also show that CaMV is less efficiently transmitted by aphids in the presence of oryzalin—a microtubuledepolymerising drug. The example presented here demonstrates that our technically simple ‘‘virus-acquisition phenotyping assay’ ’ (VAPA) provides a first opportunity to implement correlative studies relating the physiological state of infected plan

Experimental set-up of a typical VAPA (virus-acquisition phenotyping assay) transmission experiment.

<p><b>A.</b> To construct the aphid harvesting device, a 1000 µl pipette tip with the utmost 2–3 mm cut off is attached to a silicon tube, with a Miracloth net squeezed in between. The tube is connected to a vacuum source (mechanical pump or human respiratory system) and aphids are sucked up into the pipette tip by negative pressure and retained by the net. <b>B.</b> The virus-acquisition phenotyping apparatus consists of a copper ring sealed with a Parafilm M membrane. Aphids placed in the ring are attracted to the membrane by a light source (not shown); protoplasts are then deposited onto the membrane and spread evenly with a cover glass. After a defined acquisition access period, aphids are transferred with an artist's paint-brush to test plants for inoculation.</p