Lenguaje coloquial y videojuegos en línea. El caso de los MOBA; hacia un nuevo tipo de comunicación

Los discursos mediados por ordenador (Hering, 2007; y Androutsopoulos, 2015) son una clase de comunicación que poco a poco han ido introduciéndose en todos los espacios de nuestro día a día. Entre ellos, los videojuegos en línea ocupan un lugar especial. Los usuarios, además de poder comunicarse por medio del canal oral u escrito, comparten un entorno virtual que sustituye, en cierta medida, al espacio físico. Gracias a esta característica los jugadores no solo hablan con sus interlocutores, sino que también tienen la posibilidad de observar las acciones que realizan sus compañeros a través de sus avatares (Yus, 2010; 2011). Un ejemplo de ello lo constituyen los títulos pertenecientes al género MOBA (Multiplayer Online Battle Arena), en los que los jugadores se agrupan por equipos con el fin de derrotar a sus contrarios. Los estudios sobre este tipo de comunicación, especialmente en el ámbito hispánico, se han centrado en el análisis del léxico que se emplea (Torres, 2013; Ariza, 2015; Ruiz, 2017; Tejada, 2019; Ufe y Sec, 2021). Sin embargo, estos análisis no se centran en los mecanismos comunicativos que definen este tipo de discurso. Esto es, existe un vacío explicativo que describa de forma explícita cómo se organiza y forma la comunicación en este tipo de videojuegos. Por lo tanto, para llenar este vacío explicativo, el propósito de esta tesis, consiste en definir el género discursivo de los videojuegos MOBA a partir del estudio de uno de sus representantes, el League of Legends (2009). Para ello, se partirá, primero, de su comparación con la conversación, el género discursivo que cualquier ser humano conoce y practica (Tusón, 1995; Schegloff, 1999). Esto se realizará mediante el contraste de dos aspectos: por un lado los rasgos situacionales de ambos tipos de discurso (Val.Es.Co. 1995; Briz, 2010) y, por otro, las referidas a la interacción mediante el sistema de unidades del grupo Val.Es.Co. (2003; 2014; Pons, 2022) y su método de visualización interactiva (Briz, 2006; 2007; Espinosa-Guerri, 2016; en prensa). A partir de los resultados de esta comparación, se sentarán las bases sobre las que describir de manera individual este género discursivo digital. Esta definición no solo se llevará a cabo mediante las características mencionadas, sino que también cubrirá otros aspectos: la terminología (Cabré, 1999; Cassany, 2008; Calvi, 2010) que dé cuenta del grado de especialización de este tipo comunicación y, por último, la deixis (Rauh, 1983; Mulligan, 1997; Levinson, 2004) y su relación con la polifonía de voces (Ducrot, 1983; Anscombre, 2009), que expliquen desde qué coordenadas construyen los enunciados los hablantes en este contexto. En definitiva, se trata de dar una visión holística de esta clase de comunicación que permita identificarla como un género discursivo individual dentro de los discursos mediados por ordenador y, de esta manera, sentar un precedente desde el que estudiar la comunicación de otro tipo de videojuegos

Utility of Student-Run Free Clinics for Underserved Individuals During COVID-19 Michigan Shelter-in-Place Order

Introduction: Cass Clinic, a student-run free clinic (SRFC) affiliated with Wayne State University School of Medicine in Detroit, Michigan, provides free healthcare to predominantly underprivileged populations. Cass Clinic remained open during Governor Whitmer’s shelter-in-place order from March 24, 2020 through June 12, 2020 and throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to assess SRFC’s utility in meeting patient needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A mixed, open and closed-ended quality improvement survey was administered to patients who utilized Cass Clinic between the dates of May 2, 2020 and June 6, 2020. Qualitative analysis included descriptive statistics, while open-ended questions were assessed for common themes by three independent researchers. Results: The sample consisted of N=17 patients with a mean age of 60 years. Patient’s past medical histories included hypertension (88%), diabetes mellitus (29%), and hyperlipidemia (47%). A majority of patients had comorbidities (71%) and about half (53%) were uninsured. Reasons for utilizing Cass Clinic were convenience, lack of healthcare access elsewhere, and resources availability. Patient concerns included contracting COVID-19 and managing their health conditions. All participants reported receiving medication refills from Cass Clinic for chronic conditions. Discussion/Conclusion: Results demonstrated Cass Clinic provides vital care to underserved individuals in Detroit who are vulnerable to the negative health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This disparity is further compounded by social factors, which can impede effectively managing health conditions. SRFCs, like Cass Clinic, are uniquely positioned to bridge health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic by providing essential services to vulnerable populations

Study of the effect of the bacterial and fungal communities present in real wastewatereffluents on the performance of fungal treatments

The use of the ligninolytic fungi Trametes versicolor for the degradation of micropollutants has been widely studied. However, few studies have addressed the treatment of real wastewater containing pharmaceutically active compounds (PhAC) under non-sterile conditions. The main drawback of performing such treatments is the difficulty for the inoculated fungus to successfully compete with the other microorganisms growing in the bioreactor. In the present study, several fungal treatments were performed under non-sterile conditions in continuous operational mode with two types of real wastewater effluent, namely, a reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) from a wastewater treatment plant and a veterinary hospital wastewater (VHW). In all cases, the setup consisted of two parallel reactors: one inoculated with T. versicolor and one non-inoculated, which was used as the control. The main objective of this work was to correlate the operational conditions and traditional monitoring parameters, such as laccase activity, with PhAC removal and the composition of the microbial communities developed inside the bioreactors. For that purpose a variety of biochemical and molecular biology analyses were performed: phospholipid fatty acids analysis (PLFA), quantitative PCR (qPCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) followed by sequencing. The results show that many indigenous fungi (and not only bacteria, which were the focus of the majority of previously published research) can successfully compete with the inoculated fungi (i.e., Trichoderma asperellum overtook T. versicolor in the ROC treatment). We also showed that the wastewater origin and the operational conditions had a stronger impact on the diversity of microbial communities developed in the bioreactors than the inoculation or not with T. versicolor

El estudio de los incendios forestales como contribución al conocimiento de la arqueología del paisaje de montaña

El estudio de los incendios forestales del pasado ha permitido poner de relieve la importancia del fuego en la configuración de los paisajes de las zonas de montaña desde el inicio del Holoceno. Las formaciones vegetales asociadas a las quemas regulares y las perturbaciones provocadas en el paisaje han evolucionado a la vez que las actividades humanas se transformaban y se adaptaban a los cambios ambientales. En los últimos años, distintas técnicas paleobotánicas enmarcadas en la geohistoria ambiental han resaltado la importancia de los trabajos pluridisciplinarios. Concretamente, se ha visto la necesidad de complementar y contrastar los indicadores relativos a las plantas leñosas, tales como el polen y los palinomorfos no polínicos. Por ejemplo, las condiciones sedimentarias de los lagos y las turberas han permitido el estudio de macrocarbones (> 150 μm) y microcarbones sedimentarios ( 400 μm) ha aportado información espacial local y relativa a la composición de especies leñosas. Asimismo, las marcas de fuego en los anillos de crecimiento de los árboles son una opción para ajustar algunas cronologías. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo valorar qué aportaciones se pueden realizar desde la geografía histórica ambiental que sean útiles para la arqueología del paisaje de montaña. Para ello se han revisado las principales técnicas paleobotánicas para el estudio de los incendios del pasado en las zonas de montaña, se debate acerca de la precisión espacial y temporal de los carbones según su tamaño y la técnica de muestreo empleada y se discute cómo distinguir las señales climáticas y humanas en los incendios forestales. Los principales resultados apuntan a que los incendios naturales han quemado todo tipo de paisajes con independencia de la formación vegetal. La cantidad de biomasa disponible en cada momento se ha demostrado que ha sido un factor determinante de la intensidad de los incendios. Finalmente, la combinación de carbones sedimentarios e indicadores polínicos sugieren que han existido fuegos provocados por la acción humana desde el inicio del Neolítico, mientras que aún no queda claro si los incendios que hubo en tiempos pretéritos tuvieron influencia antrópica o no

Continuous fungal treatment of non-sterile veterinary hospital effluent: pharmaceuticals removal and microbial community assessment

Source point treatment of effluents with a high load of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs), such as hospital wastewater, is a matter of discussion among the scientific community. Fungal treatments have been reported to be successful in degrading this type of pollutants and, therefore, the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor was applied for the removal of PhACs from veterinary hospital wastewater. Sixty-six percent removal was achieved in a non-sterile batch bioreactor inoculated with T. versicolor pellets. On the other hand, the study of microbial communities by means of DGGE and phylogenetic analyses led us to identify some microbial interactions and helped us moving to a continuous process. PhAC removal efficiency achieved in the fungal treatment operated in non-sterile continuous mode was 44 % after adjusting the C/N ratio with respect to the previously calculated one for sterile treatments. Fungal and bacterial communities in the continuous bioreactors were monitored as well.Authors want to acknowledge the UAB veterinary hospital staff for their kind permission and help for the samplings. This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER (projects CTM2013-48545-C2 and AIB2010PT-00169) and supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Groups 2014-SGR-476 and 2014-SGR-291). The Department of Chemical Engineering of the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB) is a member of the Xarxa de Referencia en Biotecnologia de la Generalitat de Catalunya. M. Badia-Fabregat and D. Lucas acknowledge the predoctoral grants from UAB and from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (AP-2010-4926), respectively. The authors also thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) Strategic Project PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013, Project FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462 co-funded by Operational Competitiveness Programme, FEDER, and Project "BioEnv-Biotechnology and Bioengineering for a sustainable world," REF. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000048, co-funded by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2 - O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDER

Estrategias Docentes Colaborativas para el Desarrollo de la Competencia Transversal de Innovación, Creatividad y Emprendimiento [Collaborative Teaching Strategies to Develop Skills in Innovation, Creativity and Entrepreneurship]

Una de las competencias transversales que entraña mayor grado de dificultad en su implementación, adquisición a todos los niveles, y evaluación es la de “Innovación, creatividad y emprendimiento”. La innovación se entiende como la capacidad de dar respuesta satisfactoria a las necesidades personales, organizativas y sociales, modificando procesos y/o resultados para generar nuevo valor. La innovación necesita ir acompañada de la creatividad para generar ideas y del emprendimiento para transformar las ideas en un producto de valor. En este trabajo se describe el diseño de estrategias docentes integradas en el marco de la corriente de educación emprendedora, centradas en el aprendizaje basado en problemas y colaborativo, para desarrollar dicha competencia. La acción se lleva a cabo en diferentes asignaturas de primer curso en distintos títulos de Grado en la Universitat Politècnica de València. Se describen las acciones realizadas, se analizan los resultados obtenidos y se valora la transferibilidad a otros contextos, tras la implementación del plan de trabajo para cada asignatura. Se concluye que las acciones llevadas a cabo han contribuido a desarrollar la competencia indicada y a que los estudiantes experimenten el valor del aprendizaje activo y del trabajo colaborativo. [One of the most difficult transversal competences to implement, acquire at all levels and evaluate, is that of "Innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship". Innovation is understood as the ability to satisfy personal, organizational and social needs, modifying processes and/or results to generate new value. Innovation needs to be accompanied by creativity to generate ideas and by entrepreneurship to transform ideas into a valuable product. This paper describes the design of teaching strategies integrated within the framework of entrepreneurship education, focused on problem-based and collaborative learning, to develop this competence. The experiences are carried out in different first year subjects from different degrees offered by the Universitat Politècncia de València. After the implementation of the work plan for each subject, actions performed are described and results obtained are analysed in order to assess the transferability to other contexts. It is concluded that the actions carried out contributed to develop the indicated skill and allowed students to experience the value of active learning and collaborative work.

Integrated treatment of first episode psychosis with online training (e-learning): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundThe integrated treatment of first episode psychosis has been shown to improve functionality and negative symptoms in previous studies. In this paper, we describe a study of integrated treatment (individual psychoeducation complementary to pharmacotherapy) versus treatment as usual, comparing results at baseline with those at 6-month re-assessment (at the end of the study) for these patients, and online training of professionals to provide this complementary treatment, with the following objectives: 1) to compare the efficacy of individual psychoeducation as add-on treatment versus treatment as usual in improving psychotic and mood symptoms; 2) to compare adherence to medication, functioning, insight, social response, quality of life, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, between both groups; and 3) to analyse the efficacy of online training of psychotherapists.Methods/designThis is a single-blind randomised clinical trial including patients with first episode psychosis from hospitals across Spain, randomly assigned to either a control group with pharmacotherapy and regular sessions with their psychiatrist (treatment as usual) or an intervention group with integrated care including treatment as usual plus a psychoeducational intervention (14 sessions). Training for professionals involved at each participating centre was provided by the coordinating centre (University Hospital of Álava) through video conferences. Patients are evaluated with an extensive battery of tests assessing clinical and sociodemographic characteristics (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorders, Strauss and Carpenter Prognostic Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, Morisky Green Adherence Scale, Functioning Assessment Short Test, World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument WHOQOL-BREF (an abbreviated version of the WHOQOL-100), and EuroQoL questionnaire), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are measured in peripheral blood at baseline and at 6 months. The statistical analysis, including bivariate analysis, linear and logistic regression models, will be performed using SPSS.DiscussionThis is an innovative study that includes the assessment of an integrated intervention for patients with first episode psychosis provided by professionals who are trained online, potentially making it possible to offer the intervention to more patients.Trial registrationNCT01783457 clinical trials.gov. Date of registration in primary registry 23 January 2013

1st BSC Doctoral Symposium : book of abstracts

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