Los sabinares albares valencianos

Se estudian los sabinares albares meso y supramediterráneos valencianos, su distribución, etapas seriales y estado de conservación.A study of the valencian mesomediterranean and supramediterranean Juniperus thurifera forest, their distribution, their substitution stages and their conservation state

Intestinal Anti-inflammatory Effects of Outer Membrane Vesicles from Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 in DSS-Experimental Colitis in Mice

Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a probiotic strain with proven efficacy in inducing and maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis. However, the microbial factors that mediate these beneficial effects are not fully known. Gram-negative bacteria release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as a direct pathway for delivering selected bacterial proteins and active compounds to the host. In fact, vesicles released by gut microbiota are emerging as key players in signaling processes in the intestinal mucosa. In the present study, the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was used to investigate the potential of EcN OMVs to ameliorate mucosal injury and inflammation in the gut. The experimental protocol involved pre-treatment with OMVs for 10 days before DSS intake, and a 5-day recovery period. Oral administration of purified EcN OMVs (5 μg/day) significantly reduced DSS-induced weight loss and ameliorated clinical symptoms and histological scores. OMVs treatment counteracted altered expression of cytokines and markers of intestinal barrier function. This study shows for the first time that EcN OMVs can mediate the anti-inflammatory and barrier protection effects previously reported for this probiotic in experimental colitis. Remarkably, translation of probiotics to human healthcare requires knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in probiotic–host interactions. Thus, OMVs, as a non-replicative bacterial form, could be explored as a new probiotic-derived therapeutic approach, with even lower risk of adverse events than probiotic administration.his work was funded by the “Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad”, Spain (Grants AGL2012-34985, AGL2016-79113-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) and AGL2015-67995-C3-3-R, all co-financed with European Commission ERDF funds), by the Generalitat de Catalunya, AGAUR (Grant 2014SGR1017), and by the Junta de Andalucía (Grant CTS-164). The CIBEREHD is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. M-JF acknowledges her FPI fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness

The right to health in Spain. Special reference to the management of COVID-19

Este estudio se ha realizado con la finalidad de analizar el derecho a la salud en España centrado en tiempos del COVID-19 es decir, analizar como éste se ha visto afectado por la crisis sanitaria y cómo ha tenido que adaptarse para poder hacerle frente, además de tratar de estudiar la unión que existe entre el derecho y la salud, la gestión del COVID-19 que se ha llevado en nuestro país y los posibles errores que han podido surgir de ella. Tras el estudio realizado en fuentes científicas, se ha podido comprobar que efectivamente a pesar de contar en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico con regulación para situaciones de pandemias y de urgente y extraordinaria necesidad, la normativa no ha sido suficiente y han tenido que aprobarse nuevas normas para poder paliar los efectos de este virus a través de la creación de reales decretos-ley que permitieran de forma rápida dar una respuesta a las situaciones que se iban creando por esta situación. Además, puede afirmarse que el derecho y la salud van estrechamente ligados a pesar de no estar reconocido como derecho fundamental en nuestra constitución española el derecho a la salud. Por último mencionar que el COVID-19 ha sido un suceso que ha desbordado a el mundo entero y que todos los gobiernos del mundo han tratado de frenar el contagio dentro de sus fronteras pero que sin embargo, al tratarse de un virus desconocido y sin precedentes en los países, gestionarlo ha sido complicado y centrándonos en España, el Gobierno ha tratado de afrontarlo de la mejor forma posible pero ante tal situación con datos tan desgarradores y preocupantes y con una necesidad de respuesta tan rápida por parte de los dirigentes se han cometido errores durante la gestión que deberían tenerse en cuenta para futuras pandemias.This study has been carried out with the purpose of analyzing the right to health in Spain focused on times of COVID-19, that is, analyzing how it has been affected by the health crisis and how it has had to adapt to be able to face it and study the union that exists between law and health, the management of COVID-19 that has been carried out in our country and the possible mistakes that may have arisen from it. After the study carried out with scientific resources, it has been verified that despite having in our legal system regulations for situations of pandemics and situations of urgent and extraordinary need, the regulations have not been sufficient and new regulations have had to be approved in order to mitigate the effects of this virus through the creation of royal decree-laws that would allow a fast response to the situations that were created by this situation. In addition, it can be affirmed that law and health are closely linked despite the fact that the right to health is not recognized as a fundamental right I our Spanish constitution. Finally, mention that COVID-19 has been an event that has overwhelmed the entire world and that all the governments of the world have tried to stop the contagion within their borders, but nevertheless, since it is an unknown and unprecedented virus, in the countries, managing it has been complicated and, focusing on Spain, the government has tried to deal with it in the best possible way, but in the face of such a situation with such heartbreaking and worrying data and with such a rapid response from the leaders, they have committed errors during management that should be taken into account for future pandemics

Genesis and stability of textural pedofeatures along a soil transect in the siliceous Iberian Chain (NE Spain)

Textural features are widespread in many soils, provide pedogenetic evidence, and are fundamental in soil classification systems. The presence of these features and their conservation over time require certain processes and soil forming factors. This study investigates the genesis of textural pedofeatures, especially clay coatings, and the stressful conditions that can eventually lead to their disappearance. To achieve this goal, four profiles with clay-enriched horizons have been studied (macro- and micromorphology, physical, chemical and mineralogical properties and classification) along a transect in the siliceous Iberian Chain (NE-Spain). The profiles, which have unmistakable illuvial accumulations in various horizons (Bhs, Bt, Btk), are classified (ST/WRB) as: a Spodosol/Podzol in the headslope, two Alfisol/Luvisols in the backslope and an Alfisol/Calcisol in the footslope. For the latter soil, the apparently strong difference in their classification to the first hierarchical level is due to the weight that the WRB places on the presence of an argic recarbonated horizon on a calcic horizon. Clay illuviation was identified in all the soils, with coatings and infillings of microlaminated clay. These clayey pedofeatures are mostly mechanically fragmented or deformed, which is micromorphologically evidenced by an undulating, wavy extinction that does not run completely parallel to the surfaces they cover. Different destructive processes are identified along the soil transect; so, cryoturbation is the dominant process in the Podzol located at the highest elevation (Moncayo Massif). Instead, the clay coatings in the Btk horizon of the footslope (Calcisol) are covered and deformed by the growth of secondary calcite. The textural pedofeatures in this soil, which is very clayey, can also undergo argilloturbation processes, like in the backslope soils (Luvisols). In conclusion, several ongoing stress processes, that sometimes require different environmental conditions (polygenetic), affect most textural pedofeatures and lead to their progressive alteration and disappearance.Different projects of the Research Results Transfer Office of the University of Zaragoza (Ref. 2017/0535, ref. 2018/0416; ref. UZ2020-TEC-01) provided financial support for this research

Pollen spectrum and risk of pollen allergy in central Spain

The present work analyses the airborne pollen dynamic of the atmosphere of Toledo (central Spain), a World Heritage Site and an important tourist city receiving over 2 millions of visitors every year. The airborne pollen spectrum, the annual dynamics of the most important taxa, the infl uence of meteorological variables and the risk of suffering pollen allergy are analysed. Results of the present work are compared to those obtained by similar studies in nearby regions. The average annual Pollen Index is 44,632 grains, where 70–90% is recorded during February–May. The pollen calendar includes 29 pollen types, in order of importance; Cupressaceae (23.3% of the total amount of pollen grains), Quercus (21.2%), and Poaceae and Olea (11.5 and 11.2%, respectively), are the main pollen producer taxa. From an allergological viewpoint, Toledo is a high-risk locality for the residents and tourist who visit the area, with a great number of days exceeding the allergy thresholds proposed by the Spanish Aerobiological Network (REA). The types triggering most allergic processes in Toledo citizens and tourists are Cupressaceae, Platanus, Olea, Poaceae, Urticaceae and Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae. Allergic risk increases in 3 main periods: winter (January–March), with the main presence of the Cupressaceae type; spring, characterized by Poaceae, Olea, Platanus and Urticaceae pollen types; and, fi nally, late summer (August–September), characterized by Chenopodiaceae- Amaranthaceae pollen type, which are the main cause of allergies during these months

CellSs : Scheduling techniques to better exploit memory hierarchy

ABSTRACT: Cell Superscalar’s (CellSs) main goal is to provide a simple, flexible and easy programming approach for the Cell Broadband Engine (Cell/B.E.) that automatically exploits the inherent concurrency of the applications at a task level. The CellSs environment is based on a source-to-source compiler that translates annotated C or Fortran code and a runtime library tailored for the Cell/B.E. that takes care of the concurrent execution of the application. The first efforts for task scheduling in CellSs derived from very simple heuristics. This paper presents new scheduling techniques that have been developed for CellSs for the purpose of improving an application’s performance. Additionally, the design of a new scheduling algorithm is detailed and the algorithm evaluated. The CellSs scheduler takes an extension of the memory hierarchy for Cell/B.E. into account, with a cache memory shared between the SPEs. All new scheduling practices have been evaluated showing better behavior of our system

Outer membrane vesicles and soluble factors released by probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and commensal ECOR63 enhance barrier function by regulating expression of tight junction proteins in intestinal epithelial cells

The gastrointestinal epithelial layer forms a physical and biochemical barrier that maintains the segregation between host and intestinal microbiota. The integrity of this barrier is critical in maintaining homeostasis in the body and its dysfunction is linked to a variety of illnesses, especially inflammatory bowel disease. Gut microbes, and particularly probiotic bacteria, modulate the barrier integrity by reducing gut permeability and reinforcing tight junctions. Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a good colonizer of the human gut with proven therapeutic efficacy in the remission of ulcerative colitis in humans. EcN positively modulates the intestinal epithelial barrier through upregulation and redistribution of the tight junction proteins ZO-1, ZO-2 and claudin-14. Upregulation of claudin-14 has been attributed to the secreted protein TcpC. Whether regulation of ZO-1 and ZO-2 is mediated by EcN secreted factors remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore whether outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released by EcN strengthen the epithelial barrier. This study includes other E. coli strains of human intestinal origin that contain the tcpC gene, such as ECOR63. Cell-free supernatants collected from the wild-type strains and from the derived tcpC mutants were fractionated into isolated OMVs and soluble secreted factors. The impact of these extracellular fractions on the epithelial barrier was evaluated by measuring transepithelial resistance and expression of several tight junction proteins in T-84 and Caco-2 polarized monolayers. Our results show that the strengthening activity of EcN and ECOR63 does not exclusively depend on TcpC. Both OMVs and soluble factors secreted by these strains promote upregulation of ZO-1 and claudin-14, and down-regulation of claudin-2. The OMVs-mediated effects are TcpC-independent. Soluble secreted TcpC contributes to the upregulation of ZO-1 and claudin-14, but this protein has no effect on the transcriptional regulation of claudin-2. Thus, in addition to OMVs and TcpC, other active factors released by these microbiota strains contribute to the reinforcement of the epithelial barrier. Keywords: probiotics, gut microbes, Escherichia coli, phylogenetic group B2, membrane vesicles, tight junctions, intestinal barrier, Tcp

An Extension of the StarSs Programming Model for Platforms with Multiple GPUs

While general-purpose homogeneous multi-core architectures are becoming ubiquitous, there are clear indications that, for a number of important applications, a better performance/power ratio can be attained using specialized hardware accelerators. These accelerators require specific SDK or programming languages which are not always easy to program. Thus, the impact of the new programming paradigms on the programmer’s productivity will determine their success in the high-performance computing arena. In this paper we present GPU Superscalar (GPUSs), an extension of the Star Superscalar programming model that targets the parallelization of applications on platforms consisting of a general-purpose processor connected with multiple graphics processors. GPUSs deals with architecture heterogeneity and separate memory address spaces, while preserving simplicity and portability. Preliminary experimental results for a well-known operation in numerical linear algebra illustrate the correct adaptation of the runtime to a multi-GPU system, attaining notable performance results

Aerobiology: as redes de polen e os espores aerovagantes

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Outer membrane vesicles from probiotic and commensal Escherichia coli activate NOD1-mediated immune responses in intestinal epithelial cells

Gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining human intestinal homeostasis and host health. Bacterial extracellular vesicles are key players in bacteria-host communication, as they allow delivery of effector molecules into the host cells. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released by Gram-negative bacteria carry many ligands of pattern recognition receptors that are key components of innate immunity. NOD1 and NOD2 cytosolic receptors specifically recognize peptidoglycans present within the bacterial cell wall. These intracellular immune receptors are essential in host defense against bacterial infections and in the regulation of inflammatory responses. Recent contributions show that NODs are also fundamental to maintain intestinal homeostasis and microbiota balance. Peptidoglycan from non-invasive pathogens is delivered to cytosolic NODs through OMVs, which are internalized via endocytosis. Whether this pathway could be used by microbiota to activate NOD receptors remains unexplored. Here, we report that OMVs isolated from the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and the commensal ECOR12 activate NOD1 signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cells. NOD1 silencing and RIP2 inhibition significantly abolished OMV-mediated activation of NF-κB and subsequent IL-6 and IL-8 expression. Confocal fluorescence microscopy analysis confirmed that endocytosed OMVs colocalize with NOD1, trigger the formation of NOD1 aggregates, and promote NOD1 association with early endosomes. This study shows for the first time the activation of NOD1-signaling pathways by extracellular vesicles released by gut microbiota. Keywords: gut microbiota, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, NF-κB activation, bacterial extracellular vesicles, NOD