Passivation of the active layer in perovskite solar cells with inverted architecture

Tématem této práce je pasivace aktivní vrstvy perovskitových solárních článků s invertovanou strukturou. Práce je rozdělena na teoretickou a experimentální část. Teoretická část popisuje zejména pasivaci a modifikaci perovskitové vrstvy a také charakteristické vlastnosti perovskitu včetně struktury a stability. Experimentální část se zabývá přípravou fotovoltaických článků s invertovanou strukturou. Pro charakterizaci fotovoltaických článků byly připraveny referenční vzorky a také články, kde byla jejich aktivní vrstva modifikována plazmatem. Nejvíce využívanou depoziční technikou pro přípravu vrstev byla metoda rotačního nanášení. Z provedených experimentů lze usoudit, že příprava vzorků a jejich následná modifikace za laboratorních podmínek nevede ke zlepšení finálních parametrů fotovoltaické konverze. Přesunutím přípravy vzorků a pasivace aktivní vrstvy do inertní atmosféry se podařilo vytvořit články s vyšší účinností (v porovnání s referenčním vzorkem), a to kolem 10 %. Další výhodou této modifikace aktivní vrstvy pomocí plazmatu je i to, že dochází také ke zlepšení stability připravených struktur, které i po několika dnech na vzduchu vykazují téměř 80 % původní účinnosti.The topic of this work is the passivation of the active layer of perovskite solar cells with an inverted structure. The work is divided into theoretical and experimental part. The theoretical part describes in particular the passivation and modification of the perovskite layer as well as the characteristic properties of perovskite, including structure and stability. The experimental part deals with the preparation of photovoltaic cells with an inverted structure. For the characterization of photovoltaic cells, reference samples were prepared and their active layer was modified by plasma. The most used deposition technique for the preparation of layers was the spin coating method. From the performed experiments it can be concluded that the preparation of samples and their subsequent modification under laboratory conditions does not lead to the improvement of the final parameters of photovoltaic conversion. By transferring the sample preparation and passivation of the active layer to an inert atmosphere, it was possible to produce cells with higher efficiencies (compared to the reference sample), around 10 %. Another advantage of this plasma treatment of the active layer is that it also improves the stability of the prepared structures, which even after a few days in air show almost 80 % of the original efficiency.

Burn-out symptons monitoring in institutions for childrens and youngs in Karlovy Vary region

Katedra pedagogikyFaculty of EducationPedagogická fakult

Designing Marketing Programs of Medical Assistance Services

Import 06/11/2014Tématem diplomové práce jsou návrhy marketingových programů zdravotních asistenčních služeb. Cílem práce jsou návrhy a doporučení na nové marketingové programy pro zdravotní asistenční službu MEDICOMFORT s.r.o. Problematika je řešena prostřednictvím marketingového výzkumu, a to jednak kvalitativním výzkumem za pomocí individuálních hloubkových rozhovorů, a také kvantitativním výzkumem formou osobního dotazování.This thesis deals with concepts of marketing programmes for medical assistance services. The goal of the thesis is to analyse concepts and recommendations of new marketing programs for MEDICOMFORT ltd. service company of medical assistance. These concepts and recommendations are based on marketing researches. Regarding marketing research there were used qualitative researches on the basis of depth interviews as well as quantitative research were used on the basis of personal questioning.116 - Katedra marketingu a obchoduvelmi dobř

An Estimate of the Vibrational Frequencies of Spherical Virus Particles

The possible normal modes of vibration of a nearly spherical virus particle are discussed. Two simple models for the particle are treated, a liquid drop model and an elastic sphere model. Some estimates for the lowest vibrational frequency are given for each model. It is concluded that this frequency is likely to be of the order of a few GHz for particles with a radius of the order of 50 nm.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur

Characterization of soldering alloy type Bi-Ag-Ti and the study of ultrasonic soldering of silicon and copper

The aim of the research work was to characterize the soldering alloy type Bi-Ag-Ti and to study the direct soldering of silicon and copper. Bi11Ag1.5Ti solder has a broad melting interval. Its scope depends mainly on the content of silver and titanium. The solder begins to melt at the temperature of 262.5 degrees C and full melting is completed at 405 degrees C. The solder microstructure consists of a bismuth matrix with local eutectics. The silver crystals and titanium phases as BiTi2 and Bi9Ti8 are segregated in the matrix. The average tensile strength of the solder varies around 42 MPa. The bond with silicon is formed due to interaction of active titanium with the silicon surface at the formation of a reaction layer, composed of a new product, TiSi2. In the boundary of the Cu/solder an interaction between the liquid bismuth solder and the copper substrate occurs, supported by the eutectic reaction. The mutual solubility between the liquid bismuth solder is very limited, on both the Bi and the Cu side. The average shear strength in the case of a combined joint of Si/Cu fabricated with Bi11Ag1.5Ti solder is 43 MPa.Web of Science114art. no. 62

Ultrasonic soldering of Al2O3 ceramics and Ni-SiC composite by use of Bi-based active solder

The aim of this research was to study the interaction and solderability of Al2O3 ceramics and Ni-SiC composite by use of an active solder type Bi11Ag1.5Ti1Mg. The chemical composition of the solder is 86.5 wt% Bi, 11 wt% Ag, 1.5 wt% Ti, 1 wt% Mg. Soldering was performed by ultrasonic activation. This solder has a wide melting interval with the initial melting temperature of 263 ℃, what corresponds to the eutectic reaction. The liquidus temperature of this solder was determined at 437 ℃. The bond between the ceramic and the solder is formed by the interaction of the active metals Bi, Ag and Mg with the surface of the substrate Al2O3. The thickness of the Mg reaction layer at the interface was approximately 0.8 μm. The bond at the interface between Ni-SiC and solder was formed due to the interaction of the active metals Bi, Ag, Mg and Ti. Feasibility of Bi11Ag1.5Ti1Mg solder was assessed on the basis of analyses of joint boundaries and joint shear strength measurements. The average shear strength of Al2O3/Bi11Ag1.5Ti1Mg/Ni-SiC joint was 54 MPa.Web of Science10222621

Study of wettability and solderability of SiC ceramics with Ni by use of Sn-Sb-Ti solder by heating with electron beam in vacuum

The aim of this research was to study the wettability and solderability of SiC ceramics by the use of an active solder of the type Sn5Sb3Ti in a vacuum by electron beam heating. This solder exerts a narrow melting interval, and only one thermal effect, a peritectic reaction, was observed. The liquidus temperature of the solder is approximately 243 degrees C. The solder consists of a tin matrix where the Ti-6(Sb,Sn)(5) and TiSbSn phases are precipitated. The solder wettability on a SiC substrate decreases with decreasing soldering temperature. The best wetting angle of 33 degrees was obtained in a vacuum at the temperature of 950 degrees C. The bond between the SiC ceramics and the solder was formed due to the interaction of Ti and Ni with silicon contained in the SiC ceramics. The formation of new TiSi2 and Ti3Ni5Si6 phases, which form the reaction layer and thus ensure the bond formation, was observed. The bond with Ni is formed due to the solubility of Ni in the tin solder. Two phases, namely the Ni3Sn2 and Ni3Sn phases, were identified in the transition zone of the Ni/Sn5Sb3Ti joint. The highest shear strength, around 40 MPa, was attained at the soldering temperature of 850 degrees C.Web of Science1515art. no. 530

Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and immunostimulatory effect of extracts from Byrsonima crassa Nied. (Malpighiaceae)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Several <it>in vitro </it>studies have looked at the effect of medicinal plant extracts against <it>Helicobacter pylori </it>(<it>H. pylori</it>). Regardless of the popular use of <it>Byrsonima crassa </it>(<it>B. crassa</it>) as antiemetic, diuretic, febrifuge, to treat diarrhea, gastritis and ulcers, there is no data on its effects against <it>H. pylori</it>. In this study, we evaluated the anti-<it>H. pylori </it>of <it>B. crassa </it>leaves extracts and its effects on reactive oxygen/nitrogen intermediates induction by murine peritoneal macrophages.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth microdilution method and the production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and nitric oxide (NO) by the horseradish peroxidase-dependent oxidation of phenol red and Griess reaction, respectively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The methanolic (MeOH) and chloroformic (CHCl₃) extracts inhibit, <it>in vitro</it>, the growth of <it>H. pylori </it>with MIC value of 1024 μg/ml. The MeOH extract induced the production H₂O₂and NO, but CHCl₃extract only NO.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Based in our results, <it>B. crassa </it>can be considered a source of compounds with anti-<it>H. pylori </it>activity, but its use should be done with caution in treatment of the gastritis and peptic ulcers, since the reactive oxygen/nitrogen intermediates are involved in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal injury induced by ulcerogenic agents and <it>H. pylori </it>infections.</p

Protective effect of carboxymethyl-glucan (CM-G) against DNA damage in patients with advanced prostate cancer

Carboxymethyl-glucan (CM-G) is a soluble derivative from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1 → 3)(1 → 6)-β-D-glucan. The protective efficiency of CM-G against DNA damage in cells from patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa), and undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT), was evaluated. DNA damage scores were obtained by the comet assay, both before and after treatment with CM-G. The reduction in DNA damage, ranging from 18% to 87%, with an average of 59%, was not related to the increased number of leukocytes in peripheral blood. The results demonstrate for the first time the protective effect of CM-G against DNA damage in patients with advanced PCa. Among smokers, three presented the highest reduction in DNA damage after treatment with CM-G. There was no observable relationship between DNA damage scores before and after treatment, and age, alcoholism and radiotherapy