Rzecz o szczęściu. Literatura – przedmioty – szczęście

The article discusses mutual relations between objects and happiness in the life of humans and provides examples in the selected pieces of contemporary literature. Due to the analysis of works concerning the role of things in our world, both of philosophical texts and social, cultural, anthropological, and literary ones, it was possible to reflect on the meaning of objects in everyday human life, their impact on happiness (or unhappiness) as well as a sense of security (which seems indispensable in happiness). Special emphasis has been laid on the discussion of selected literary pieces from the perspective of objects and their impact on human happiness

Weight stigma and fat phobia in Poland – attitudes towards people living with obesity and the level of knowledge about obesity among the social media internet respondents and medical professionals

IntroductionObesity often subjects individuals to stigmatization, impacting self-esteem, contributing to depression, social isolation, and even exacerbating weight gain. Our research aimed to evaluate weight stigma, fat phobia, their expressions, and obesity-related knowledge among social media internet respondents and medical practitioners in Poland.MethodsConducted through Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI), our study employed the Fat Phobia Scale (FPS) and tailored questions, analyzing 1705 questionnaires.ResultsThe respondents averaged a score of 3.60  ±  0.62 on the FPS. Interestingly, men exhibited higher stigma levels than women. Variables like BMI, residency, and interactions with people having obesity did not significantly impact stigma levels. Approximately 74.0% of respondents found individuals with obesity less attractive than those with normal weight, while 32.2% identified obesity as a cause of shame. Only 69.1% were aware of the BMI-based obesity diagnosis criterion.ConclusionGiven limited knowledge of Poland’s weight stigma landscape, our research yields crucial insights for shaping social campaigns and enhancing educational initiatives in obesity management for healthcare professionals. Further studies will be instrumental in addressing patient and practitioner needs effectively

Characterization of a repertoire of tomato fruit genetic variants in the San Marzano genetic background

[EN] San Marzano (SM) is a worldwide famous tomato Italian traditional landrace characterized by elongated fruits with a dual-purpose use in the fresh and processing market. A repertoire of mutations affecting the fruit and of interest for commercial breeding were introduced into the SM genetic background following backcross schemes. The lines generated included 13 genotypes each carrying a single mutation in genes controlling a) the content of all pigments (hp-1, hp-2, pd), b) of carotenoids (r, t, at, B, B_mo(B)), c) of chlorophyll (gf), d) of flavonoids (y) or e) the ripening process (Nr, rin, Gr). Five lines carrying a combination of two mutations were also included. Analysis of SNP polymorphisms showed that the genetic distance of the lines from the recurrent parent was very variable and not well predicted by the number of backcrosses because it was also a function of the dissimilarity of the donor parent. All the genotypes, together with an SM control, were grown in two consecutive years and characterized for vegetative, reproductive and fruit quality traits. Overall, the studied lines reproduced the SM typical phenotypes, but several differences also emerged as both possible negative or advantageous pleiotropic traits for fresh or processing uses and peeling. High pigment mutations confirmed the negative pleiotropic effects on plant fertility and fruit development described earlier and also negatively affected fruit post-harvest life. These latter defects were also reported in the carotenoid mutant tangerine. In contrast, absence of peel pigmentation in the y mutant was associated with positive postharvest properties as those fruit presented higher resistance to wrinkling and dehydration. Delayed ripening mutants showed positive post-harvest phenotypes, as expected. In conclusion, the study of the present repertoire of fruit variations in an elongated tomato genotype represents a contribution to expand the study of fruit physiology to unusual fruit types and to breed innovative tomato lines with valuable nutritional and technological properties.This work was supported by the Latium Region FILAS project "MIGLIORA", by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture (MiPAAF) under the AGROENER project (D.D. n. 26329, 1 april 2016) - http://agroener.crea.gov.it/and by the European Commission through-H2020 SFS-7a-2014 TRADITOM (634561).Dono, G.; Picarella, ME.; Pons Puig, C.; Santangelo, E.; Monforte Gilabert, AJ.; Granell Richart, A.; Mazzucato, A. (2020). Characterization of a repertoire of tomato fruit genetic variants in the San Marzano genetic background. Scientia horticulturae (Online). 261:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108927S11026