Social Entrepreneurship: Case Study in Unilever Food Solutions’ Trusted Hands Food Safety Online Training Program

The social entrepreneurship is important in meso (organizational) and macro (policy-making) levels. This paper focuses on a case study in Turkey. “Trusted Hands Food Safety Online Training Program” by Unilever Food Solutions is examined as an example of social entrepreneurship. It is aimed to support food safety awareness in the industry to create and certificate the chefs. Unilever Food Solutions has received the Food Security Special Award, a project developed and implemented by the Food Safety Association. In the first year, 5000 chefs in Turkey intended to complete the education of this field and to have a certificate. It started with the support of professional associations. The sustainability and private sector involvement plays an essential role in this case, which is such an important issue such as health and hygiene

The Effect of Innovative Strategies on Export Performance

Export performance depends on the quality of its innovation capabilities. Thus, innovation capabilities play a major role in terms of export performance. There are different types of dimensions in innovation capabilities however, in this study we are focused on the effective capabilities. Effective innovation capabilities cover the subjects of resources allocation, organizational capabilities, strategic capabilities, management capabilities, culture capabilities and learning capabilities. In this study, a survey on construction chemicals, building materials and textile export companies were selected because these industries are biased toward innovation and are considered among the most competitive industries. The model of this research is based on a review of past research studies and from the combination of them. According to the statistical evaluations made within these firms, 208 employees are randomly selected to form the sample. In this study, we use SPSS and Lisrel softwares. Validity and reliability of research variables were evaluated by using confirmatory factors analysis and Cranach’s alpha. Then, by using structural equation modeling in Lisrel software, analysis is conducted on the premises of the primary and secondary hypotheses. As a result, it demonstrates that organizational and learning capabilities have positive effects on export performance

Air pollution in Aydın city between 1997-2004

Amaç: Çalısmanın amacı, 1997-2004 yılları arasında Aydın ili kent merkezindeki hava kirliligini degerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalısmada, 1997-2004 yılları arasındaAydın merkezindeki kükürtdioksit ve partikül madde düzeyleri incelenmistir. Veriler,Aydın Il Saglık Müdürlügü Çevre Saglıgı Subesi'nden elde edilmistir. Ölçümler sürekli örnekleme yapan yarı otomatik kükürtdioksit ve duman ölçer cihazı (Burch-Bulap 201-8, 87036) ile Halk Saglıgı Laboratuarınca yapılmıstır. Ölçümler kent merkezindeki 14 farklı bölgeden, sabah (08.00-09.00) ve aksam (16.00-17.00) olmak üzere iki kez yapılmıstır. 1997-2003 yılları arasında elde edilen ölçümlerin ortalama degerleri aylara/yıllara göre karsılastırılmıstır. Ölçümler Hava Kalitesinin Korunması Yönetmeligi degerleri ile karsılastırılmıstır. Bulgular: Yedi yıllık süreçte kükürtdioksit ve partikül madde degerleri incelendiginde yıllara göre hava kirliligi düzeylerinde herhangi bir farklılık tespit edilmemistir (kükürtdioksit ve partikül madde için sırasıyla: p=0,526, p=0,822).Yedi yıllık ortalama kükürtdioksit düzeyi 41,26±24 ; ,86 !gr/m partikül madde düzeyi de 27,66±16,23 olarak tespit edilmistir. Aylara göre hava kirliligi düzeyleri karsılastırıldıgında en yüksek degerler kıs aylarında, özellikle Ocak ayındadır (p=0,000). Sonuç: Aydın'da hava kirliligi ölçümleri, Hava Kalitesinin Korunması Yönetmeligi'nin öngördügü uzun/kısa vadeli sınır degerleri asmamıstır. 1997-2003 yılları arasında kükürtdioksit ve partikül madde degerleri bakımından yıllara göre herhangi bir farklılık tespit edilmemistir. Bunda, Saglık Müdürlügü Çevre Saglık Subesinin düzenli çalısmasının rolü büyüktür. Her ne kadar sınır degerler asılmasa da kıs aylarında meteorolojik kosullar nedeniyle hava kirliligi parametrelerinde belirgin artıslar saptanmıstır. Mevzuat degisikligi nedeniyle son bir yıldır ölçüm yapılamamakta, hava kirliligi verilerine ulasılamamaktadır. Kirlilik kontrolü ile ilgili olarak alınan önlemler yeterince uygulanmazsa, hava kirliligi parametrelerinde yükselmeler görülebilir. Özellikle kıs aylarında kirlilik düzeylerinde ani yükselmeler olabilecegi için ölçüm ve izlemlerin sürekli yapılması gerekmektedir.Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate air pollution in Aydın city between 1997-2004. Method: In this cross sectional study, the levels of particulates and sulfur dioxide in the city of Aydın have been examined between 1997 and 2004. The data have been acquired from the Environmental Health Division of the Health Directorate of Aydın province. Samples were continuously measured by a semi automatic sulphur dioxide and exhaust sampler (Burch-Bulap 201-8, 87036) at the Public Health Laboratory. Measurements of 14 different areas of the city were made twice daily: in the morning (08.00-09.00) and in the evening (16.00-17.00). Montly and yearly comparisons were made using the average values of measurements taken between 1997-2003 with the standards of the Air Quality Protection Regulations. Findings:During the seven year period of monitorization, differences in levels of sulfur dioxide, particulatesand the level of air pollution were insignificant (for the level of sulphur dioxide and particulates, p=0,526, p=0,822 respectively). The seven year average of the level of sulfur dioxide was 41,26±24,86 μgr/m3; while the particulate matter was 27,66±16,23 μgr/m3. In winter months, especially January air pollution levels were the highest (p=0,000). Conclusion: The air pollution measurements do not exceed the Air Quality Protection Regulation, suggestedlong/short term standards. As for the levels of sulphur dioxide and particulates, there has been no change between the years 1997-2003. The organized projects of the Environmental Health Division of the Health Directorate of Aydın Province has played a significant role concerning these results. Even though the limits have not been exceeded, due to meterological conditions during the winter months, the air pollution parameters show an obvious increase in the air pollution. Because of several regulatory changes, air measurements have not been obtained for the last year, and so no current data are available. If adequate air pollution control measures are not taken, there may be a rise in air pollution parameters. Especially during the winter months, the air pollution levels should be continually monitored as sudden increases may occur

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

The ınvestigation of oral motor skills and feeding problems in ındividuals with autism spectrum disorder and down sydrome

Özel gereksinimli çocuklar, oral motor yetersizlikler ve beslenme problemleri sıklığı açısından yüksek risk grubundadırlar. Beslenme ile ilgili problemler, çocuğun ve ailesinin yaşamını olumsuz olarak tkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB) ve Down sendromu olan bireylerin yemek yeme sırasında izlenmesi ve ebeveynlerden alınan bilgiler doğrultusunda beslenme ile ilgili oral motor becerilerin ve beslenme problemlerinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiş ve tanılarına göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırmaya, Edirne Merkez özel ve resmi özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon kurumlarına devam eden Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu tanılı 88 (yaş ortalaması 11,24±6,07) ve Down sendromu tanılı 30 (yaş ortalaması 13,23±7,03), toplam 118 birey dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada anket formu, Fonksiyonel Beslenme Değerlendirme Ölçeği (FFAm) ve Beslenme Problemleri Tarama Testi (STEP) kullanılmıştır. FFAm’ye göre Down sendromu olan bireylerin kaşıkla beslenme, ısırma ve yutma alanlarında OSB olan bireylere göre daha fazla yetersizlik gösterdikleri saptanmıştır (p<0,05). STEP’e göre OSB’li bireylerin % 84,1’i, Down sendromlu bireylerin % 80’i beslenme problemi göstermişlerdir. İki grup arasında beslenme problemi sıklığı açısından fark bulunmamıştır. Beslenme problemleri, OSB’li bireylerin en fazla beslenme becerileri alt boyutunda, Down sendromu olan bireylerin ise en fazla beslenme ile ilgili davranış problemleri alt boyutunda görülmüştür. Down sendromlu bireylerin dil ile dudaklarını temizlemede, sıvı/katı gıda kontrolünde, uygun ısırma pozisyonunun kullanımında ve dilin uygun pozisyonunun korunmasında OSB’li bireylere göre yetersizlikler gösterdikleri görülmüştür (p<0,05). OSB olan bireylerin kendine has sofra davranışları olduğu gözlenmiştir. OSB ve Down sendromu olan bireyler için oral motor beceriler ve beslenme problemleri açısından erken dönemde yapılacak değerlendirme ve müdahale programlarının ve aile eğitiminin önemli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.Children with special need are at greater risk for oral-motor dysfunction and feeding problems. Feeding-related problems may have negative effect on both the child and the parents. This study aimed to investigate oral motor feeding skills and feeding problems in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Down syndrome by comparing two groups. The study was conducted with 118 participants of which 88 were with ASD (mean age=11,24±6,07) and 30 with Down syndrome (mean age=13,23±7,03), attending public or private special education schools in Edirne. Oral motor skills and feeding practices were assessed through maternal interviews, observation, and administration of modified Functional Feeding Assessment Scale (FFAm) and Screening Tool of Feeding Problems (STEP). Scores of the participants with Down syndrome in spoon-feeding, biting, and swallowing domains of FFAm were poorer than those of the ASD group (p<0.05). According to STEP, 84.1% of the participants with ASD and 80% of the ones with Down syndrome had feeding problem. Regarding frequency of occurrence of feeding problems, there was no significant difference between groups. Most common problems among the participants with ASD were seen in feeding skills subscale whereas participants with Down syndrome had feeding-related behavior problems. Participants in the Down syndrome group, compared with ASD group, had more difficulties in clearing lips with tongue, controlling liquid/solid foods, finding proper biting position, and maintaining tongue position during eating (p<0.05). Peculiar eating behaviors were also observed among the participants with ASD. In conclusion, identification and management of oral motor difficulties and feeding problems which are more likely to occur among individuals with ASD and Down syndrome should be a part of early intervention programs for children affected by these disorders and required support for parents should be provided

Prevalence and Characterization of Listeria Species from Raw Milk and Dairy Products from Çanakkale Province

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Listeria species, specifically Listeria monocytogenes, in raw milk, pasteurized milk, white cheese, and homemade cheese. A total of 200 food samples were collected and analyzed to examine the presence of Listeria spp. The EN ISO 11290-1 method was used for isolation of Listeria. API Listeria test kit was used for biochemically characterization. Listeria spp. were isolated in 25 of the 200 samples (12.5%). The largest number of Listeria spp. was detected in homemade cheese (24%), followed by raw milk (18%), and white cheese (8%). Listeria spp. were not isolated from the pasteurized milk. The most common species isolated were Listeria innocua (5.5%); the remaining Listeria isolates were Listeria ivanovi (3.5%), Listeria welshimeri (3%), and Listeria monocytogenes (0.5%). Listeria monocytogenes was detected in only raw milk

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Foods in Turkey

The aim of the present study was the determination of the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods in Ankara, Turkey. In order to detect and isolate L. monocytogenes from 201 RTE food samples, the EN ISO 11290:1 method was used. All isolates were identified using the polymerase chain reaction. The strains were also confirmed by the detection of the hemolysin gene (hlyA). The overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 8.5% among the food samples. Seventeen L. monocytogenes strains were examined by the disk diffusion assay for their resistance to 23 antibiotics. All strains were susceptible to erythromycin, clarithromycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, imipenem, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol, while all strains were resistant to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, penicillin G, linezolid, and clindamycin. The higher resistance was found against oxacillin (94.1%), kanamycin (76.5%), levofloxacin (70.6%), and teicoplanin (64.7%), followed by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (53.0%), rifampicin (47.1%), and ciprofloxacin (35.3%). A lower incidence of resistance was observed against tetracycline (5.9%), meropenem (5.9%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (17.7%). All isolates were multidrug resistant showing resistance to at least three antibiotic classes. High L. monocytogenes prevalence among analyzed RTE foods represents a high risk for public health. Our findings show a high prevalence of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods in Turkey. More effective control strategies for L. monocytogenes are needed to reduce both prevalence and resistance of L. monocytogenes in Turkish RTE foods