Heredabilldad del índice de cosecha en trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) y su relación con tres componentes de rendimiento

El presente trabajo se realizó en el Centro de Investigación Obonuco, Pasto, entre los años 1985 y 1987 con el objeto de determinar la heredabilidad en sentido amplio, ganancia genética, correlaciones fenotípicas y efectos genéticos que contribuyen a la expresión de cada uno de los siguientes caracteres: rendimiento biológico, rendimiento económico, índice de cosecha, número de macollas efectivas por planta, número de granos por espiga y peso de 1.000 granos en las generaciones P1, P2, F1 F2, BC1, y BC2 derivadas de seis cruces realizados entre cinco variedades o líneas de triga ICA Susatá, L-23 Nariño 85A, L-29 Nariño 85A, ICA-Yuriyá y Grano de Oro; las tres primeras consideradas como de altos rendimientos (progenitores femeninos) y las dos últimas como poco rendidoras (progenitores masculinos). El peso de 1.000 gramos presentó el promedio  más alto de heredabilidad (51.37% l. El cruzamiento 1 (Susatá/yuriyál dió las heredabilidades más altas para rendimiento biológico y económico, número de macollas efectivas y peso de 1.000 granos; y los cruzamientos 4 y 2 para índice de cosecha y número de granos por espiga, respectivamente. Predominaron los efectos genéticos aditivos y dominantes para el peso de 1.000 gra nos, rendimiento biológico, número de rnacol las efectivas y número de granos' por espiga. El rendimiento económico en cuatro de los seis cruzamientos mostró valores no significativos de efectos genéticos aditivos y dominantes y para índice de cosecha los efectos aditivos fueron los más importantes. En general la ganancia genética fue baja para el número de macollas efectivas y el número de granos por espiga. El rendimiento biológico en el cruce 1 presentó la mayor ganancia genética además del rendimiento económico, peso de 1.000 granos y número de macollas efectivas. El índice de cosecha está correlacionado positiva y significativamente con el rendimiento económico, número de macollas efectivas, número de granos por espiga y peso de 1.000 granos; la asociación entre el índice de cosecha y el rendimiento biológico no fue tan contundente y se encontró únicamente en el cruzamiento 5. En general las otras características están correlacionadas entre sí a excepción de la asociación entre el número de macollas efectivas y el peso de 1.000 granos que únicamente se presentó en los cruzamientos 1 y 6.This research was carried out at the experiment station Obonuco, Pasto, from 1985 to 1987 with the purpose to determine heritability in broad sense, genetic gain, phenotypic correlations and genetic effects of the following characteristics: biological yield, economic yield, harvest index, number of effective tillers per plant, kernels per spike number, and 100O-seed weight among generations P1, P2, F11 F2,BC1, and BC2 of six crosses executed among five lines or varieties: ICA-Susatá, L-23 Nariño 85A, L-29 Nariño 85A, ICA Yuriyá and grano de Oro, The first three genotypes, females, have showed a high yielding potential whíle the last two varieties, males, had a low yielding potential under Nariño eonditions.The 1000.seed wight was the charaeteristic which showed the highest heritability in broad sense with 51.37% . The cross 1 ICA Susatá/Yuriyá) gave the highest heritabilities for biological and economic yield, number of effective tíllers and 1000 seed weight and the crosses 4 and 2 dor harvest index and kernels per spike number, respectively. Additive and dominant genetic effeets were the most predominant for 10O.seed weight, biological yield, number of effective tillers and kernels per spiks number. Additive and dominant genetic effects for economie yield were not significant in four of the six crosses while the additive genetic effects were the most important for harvest index. In general, the genetic gain was low for the number of effective tillers and the kernels per spike number. The biological yield along with eeonomic yield, 1000-seed weight and number of offective tillers of the cross 1 exhibited the greatest genetic gain. The harverst index was positive and significantlycorrelated with economie yield, number of effective tillers per plant, kernels per spike number and 1000-seed weight However, the association between the harverst index and the biological yield was not so clear and it was only observed in the cross 5. The othercharacters were correlated among them with exception of the association between the number of effective tillers and the 1000-seed weight which was only valid in the crosses 1 and 6

The burden of physical inactivity for the public health care system in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To update the estimated cost of physical inactivity for the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). METHODS: The hospitalization costs were accessed via a database of the Ministry of Health – Informatics Department of the Brazilian SUS. Physical inactivity for the year 2017 was accessed via the Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel – Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey). Seven chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) were selected via the international classification of disease (ICD-10). The population fraction attributable to physical inactivity was calculated based on relative risk reported in previous studies and the prevalence of physical inactivity. RESULTS: In 2017, the seven NCD considered in the analysis were responsible for 154,017 hospital admissions in adults older than 40 years old, residing in the state capitals and the Federal District, which corresponded to 6.5% of hospitalizations and 10.6% of SUS costs at an estimated US$112,524,914.47. Considering the group of individuals with insufficient physical activity in their leisure time, the percentage cost attributed to physical inactivity reached 17.4$ 482 million, from which 17.4%, US$ 83 million were attributed to physical inactivity. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence to conclude that physical inactivity exerts an economic impact on the SUS due to NCD hospitalization. Physical inactivity is a modifiable lifestyle and compelling evidence, including that of this article, supports the promotion of a more active community as one of the major targets of public health care policies

A CARGA TRIBUTÁRIA SOBRE OS INSUMOS AGRÍCOLAS UTILIZADOS NA CULTURA DA UVA NO VALE DO SÃO FRANCISCO.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar a quantificação dos tributos inerentes aos insumos agrícolas utilizados na cultura da uva. O resultado desse artigo demonstra que para os insumos agrícolas utilizados na cultura da uva ter uma menor carga tributária, seria necessário que os Estados e a União concedessem benefícios fiscais a todos esses produtos, pois hoje apenas Adubos/Fertilizantes e Defensivos gozam desses benefícios. O Estado de Pernambuco concede o benefício fiscal de isenção do ICMS aos Adubos e Defensivos para as saídas internas e uma redução em sua base de cálculo de 30% e 60% respectivamente nas saídas interestaduais e os Tributos Federais do PIS e COFINS, tem as suas alíquotas reduzidas a 0,00% (zero), benefício concedido pela União. Os dados foram levantados a partir das Notas Fiscais de Entrada e Saída da empresa Verdão Comércio e Representação de Produtos Agrícolas Ltda; de pesquisas feitas na Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – EMBRAPA, bem como, consultas e informações coletadas nas Receitas Federal e Estadual com relação à fundamentação da Lei para a aplicabilidade das alíquotas e base de cálculo do ICMS como também do PIS e COFINS. Os produtos agropecuários, em sua maioria, são alimentos ou bens essenciais, então o ideal seria que todos os insumos utilizados para produzirem esses produtos tivessem uma tributação diferenciada, devendo merecer, portanto as menores alíquotas ou o benefício de isenção. Se os Estados e a União adotassem essas medidas, com certeza daria um incentivo maior a esse segmento e proporcionaria uma melhor situação para os produtores agrícolas. -------------------------------------------------------------This work aims do demonstrate the qualification of the taxes inherent to the agricultural products used in the grapes plantation. The result of this article demonstrates that to the agricultural products used in the grapes plantation to have a little tributary tax, would be necessary that the States and the Union give tax benefits to all theses products, because, nowadays, only dung/fertilizer and defensives have this benefit. Pernambuco State gives tributary tax of ICMS freedom to dung and defensives to internal exits and a reduction in its data calculation of 30% and 60% respectively in interstate exits and the Federal Taxes of PIS and COFINS, have their tax decreased to 0,00% (zero), benefit given by the Union. The data were researched from the input and output invoices from Verdão Comércio e Representação de Produtos Agrícolas Ltda; from researches done at Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – EMBRAPA, and also, collected conversation and information at Receita Federal and Estadual in relation to law basis to appliance of taxes and calculation base of ICMS and also PIS and CONFINS. The agrocattleman products, in majority, are food or essential things, then the solutions would be that all of products used to produce these products have a different tax, deserving, therefore, the lowest tax or the freedom benefit. If the States or the Union used the suggestions, certainly, would giver a bigger incentive to this segment and would give a better situation to agricultural producers.Tributos, Insumos Agrícolas, Cultura da Uva, taxes, agricultural products, grapes plantation, Agricultural Finance, Crop Production/Industries,

A REAFIRMAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS DO CONSUMIDOR VIRTUAL BRASILEIRO E A LEI GERAL DE PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS

Trazendo, em um primeiro momento, o que se entende por relação contratual eletrônica e dispondo sobre as regras e princípios aplicáveis à essa nova modalidade contratual, o presente trabalho analisa se o Código de Defesa do Consumidor e o Decreto nº 7.962/2013 são suficientes para proteger o consumidor em sua vulnerabilidade virtual. Mais especificamente, o presente artigo visa analisar como a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) pode ser vista como reafirmação dos direitos dos consumidores na sociedade tecnológica e de informação, de modo a garantir maior segurança ao consumidor vulnerável. Para tanto, empregou-se o método dedutivo de pesquisa, utilizando-se da pesquisa bibliográfica, em especial, de doutrina e de artigos científicos. Conclui-se que a LGPD concede ao consumidor maior segurança e proteção em relação aos seus dados e, portanto, pode sim ser vista como uma reafirmação de seus direitos em uma sociedade tecnológica e de informação

Scattering Amplitudes and Toric Geometry

In this paper we provide a first attempt towards a toric geometric interpretation of scattering amplitudes. In recent investigations it has indeed been proposed that the all-loop integrand of planar N=4 SYM can be represented in terms of well defined finite objects called on-shell diagrams drawn on disks. Furthermore it has been shown that the physical information of on-shell diagrams is encoded in the geometry of auxiliary algebraic varieties called the totally non negative Grassmannians. In this new formulation the infinite dimensional symmetry of the theory is manifest and many results, that are quite tricky to obtain in terms of the standard Lagrangian formulation of the theory, are instead manifest. In this paper, elaborating on previous results, we provide another picture of the scattering amplitudes in terms of toric geometry. In particular we describe in detail the toric varieties associated to an on-shell diagram, how the singularities of the amplitudes are encoded in some subspaces of the toric variety, and how this picture maps onto the Grassmannian description. Eventually we discuss the action of cluster transformations on the toric varieties. The hope is to provide an alternative description of the scattering amplitudes that could contribute in the developing of this very interesting field of research.Comment: 58 pages, 25 figures, typos corrected, a reference added, to be published in JHE

Upscaling the Use of Mixed Recycled Aggregates in Non-Structural Low Cement Concrete

This research aims to produce non-structural concrete with mixed recycled aggregates (MRA) in upscaled applications with low-cement content. Four slabs were executed with concrete made with different ratios of coarse MRA (0%, 20%, 40% and 100%), using the mix design, the mixing procedures and the facilities from a nearby concrete production plant. The analysis of the long-term compressive and splitting tensile strengths in concrete cores, extracted from the slabs, allowed the highlighting of the long-term high strength development potential of MRA incorporation. The study of cast specimens produced in situ under the same conditions as the slabs showed, firstly, that the use of MRA has a great influence on the properties related to durability, secondly, that the loss of compressive strength for total MRA incorporation relative to control concrete increases proportionally with the class strength, and, thirdly, that the mechanical properties (including Schmidt hammer results) from the concrete slabs showed no significant differences relative to the control concrete for coarse aggregates replacements up to 40%. Therefore, this upscaled experimental study supports the application of concrete with 100% coarse MRA incorporation and low cement content in non-structural civil works such as bike lanes, gutters, ground slabs, leveling surfaces, and subgrades for foundations. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there have not been any upscaled applications of concrete with MRA and low cement conten

Biodiversidade, população e economia: uma região de mata atlântica [Biodiversity, Population, and Economy: a region of atlantic forest]

biodiversity; Minas Gerais; Rio Doce; mata atlântica; atlantic forest; sustainable development; conservation; natural resources; environment; environmental economics

Biodiversidade, população e economia: uma região de mata atlântica [Biodiversity, Population, and Economy: a region of atlantic forest]

biodiversity; Minas Gerais; Rio Doce; mata atlântica; atlantic forest; sustainable development; conservation; natural resources; environment; environmental economics

The challenge to revert unsustainable trends:Uneven development and water degradation in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area

The search for water sustainability requires not only a combination of technical and managerial responses, but also firm action against socioeconomic injustices and political inequalities. The recognition of the politicised nature of water problems deserves particular attention in areas marred by long-term trends of environmental degradation and social exclusion. A case study of the Baixada Fluminense, an urbanised wetland in the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro, illustrates the challenge to reverse unsustainable practices in situations where water problems have been politically and electorally exploited. The research made use of an interdisciplinary approach to assess past and present initiatives that have attempted, but systematically failed, to restore river ecology and improve water services. The empirical results have important implications for water policy making and urban planning

Metabolizable energy and oil intake in brown commercial layers

With the objective to establish the best metabolizable energy (ME) intake for layers, and the best dietary vegetable oil addition level to optimize egg production, an experiment was carried out with 432 30-week-old Hisex Brown layers. Birds were distributed into nine treatments with six replicates of eight birds each according to a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, consisting of three daily metabolizable energy intake (280, 300 or 320 kcal/bird/day) and three oil levels (0.00; 0.75 and 1.50 g/bird/day). Daily feed intake was limited to 115, 110 and 105 g/bird in order to obtain the desired energy and oil intake in each treatment. The following parameters were evaluated: initial weight, final weight, body weight change, egg production, egg mass, feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs and per egg mass and energy conversion. There was no influence of the treatments on egg production (%) or egg mass (g/bird/day). Final weight and body weight change were significantly affected by increasing energy intake. Feed conversion ratio per egg mass, feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs and energy conversion significantly worsened as a function of the increase in daily energy intake. An energy intake of 280 kcal/bird/day with no addition of dietary oil does not affect layer performance