Large-scale gene discovery in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera)

Aphids are the leading pests in agricultural crops. A large-scale sequencing of 40,904 ESTs from the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum was carried out to define a catalog of 12,082 unique transcripts. A strong AT bias was found, indicating a compositional shift between Drosophila melanogaster and A. pisum. An in silico profiling analysis characterized 135 transcripts specific to pea-aphid tissues (relating to bacteriocytes and parthenogenetic embryos). This project is the first to address the genetics of the Hemiptera and of a hemimetabolous insect.Beatriz Sabater-Muñoz... et al

Urban Climate, Human behavior & Energy consumption: from LCZ mapping to simulation and urban planning (the MapUCE project)

International audienceThe MApUCE project aims to integrate in urban policies and most relevant legal documents quantitative data from urban microclimate, climate and energy.The primary objective of this project is to obtain climate and energy quantitative data from numerical simulations, focusing on urban microclimate and building energy consumption in the residential and service sectors, which represents in France 41% of the final energy consumption. Both aspects are coupled as building energy consumption is highly meteorologically dependent (e.g. domestic heating, air-conditioning) and heat waste impact the Urban Heat Island. We propose to develop, using national databases, a generic and automated method for generating Local Climate Zones (LCZ) for all cities in France, including the urban architectural, geographical and sociological parameters necessary for energy and microclimate simulations.As will be presented, previous projects on adaptation of cities to climate change have shown that human behavior is a very potent level to address energy consumption reduction, as much as urban forms or architectural technologies. Therefore, in order to further refine the coupled urban climate and energy consumption calculations, we will develop within TEB (and its Building Energy Module) a model of energy consumer behavior.The second objective of the project is to propose a methodology to integrate quantitative data in urban policies. Lawyers analyze the potential levers in legal and planning documents. A few “best cases” are also studied, in order to evaluate their performances. Finally, based on urban planning agencies requirements, we will define vectors to include quantified energy-climate data to legal urban planning documents. These vectors have to be understandable by urban planners and contain the relevant information.To meet these challenges, the project is organized around strongly interdisciplinary partners in the following fields: law, urban climate, building energetics, architecture, sociology, geography and meteorology, as well as the national federation of urban planning agencies.In terms of results, the cross-analysis of input urban parameters and urban micro-climate-energy simulated data will be available on-line as standardized maps for each of the studied cities. The urban parameter production tool as well as the models will be available as open-source. LCZ and associated urban (and social!) indicators may be integrated within the WUDAPT database

Asthma and COPD Are Not Risk Factors for ICU Stay and Death in Case of SARS-CoV2 Infection

BACKGROUND: Asthmatics and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have more severe outcomes with viral infections than people without obstructive disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if obstructive diseases are risk factors for intensive care unit (ICU) stay and death due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19). METHODS: We collected data from the electronic medical record from 596 adult patients hospitalized in University Hospital of Liege between March 18 and April 17, 2020, for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection. We classified patients into 3 groups according to the underlying respiratory disease, present before the COVID19 pandemic. RESULTS: Among patients requiring hospitalization for COVID19, asthma and COPD accounted for 9.6% and 7.7%, respectively. The proportions of asthmatics, patients with COPD, and patients without obstructive airway disease hospitalized in the ICU were 17.5%, 19.6%, and 14%, respectively. One-third of patients with COPD died during hospitalization, whereas only 7.0% of asthmatics and 13.6% of patients without airway obstruction died due to SARS-CoV2. The multivariate analysis showed that asthma, COPD, inhaled corticosteroid treatment, and oral corticosteroid treatment were not independent risk factors for ICU admission or death. Male gender (odds ratio [OR]: 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-3.2) and obesity (OR: 8.5; 95% CI: 5.1-14.1) were predictors of ICU admission, whereas male gender (OR 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.2), older age (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.6-2.3), cardiopathy (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.1), and immunosuppressive diseases (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.5-8.4) were independent predictors of death. CONCLUSION: Asthma and COPD are not risk factors for ICU admission and death related to SARS-CoV2 infection

L'Imagerie par résonance magnétique dans les rhumatismes inflammatoires chroniques débutants

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Evaluation professionnelle rétrospective de la qualité des prescriptions pharmacologiques et du risque iatrogène au service d'accueil des urgences de l'hôpital de Mâcon (à propos de 110 dossiers patients)

DIJON-BU Médecine Pharmacie (212312103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

GENIUS, a methodology to integer building scale data into urban microclimate and energy consumption modelling

International audienceAccurate simulation of the city energy balance requires studying the thermal behaviour of buildings and therefore requires knowing many details: at least the buildings geometries, their envelope materials and surroundings ground covering. For instance, information on shape and location of a building are useful to assess the performance of solar panels; information on the materiality of the facades, make it possible to estimate solar gains through the windows and therefore to perform building energy balance simulations (Masson, 2000); etc. Consequently, several recent research works have been aiming to integer building scale data into urban scale simulations (microclimate, energy consumption of buildings at the city scale, energy production, etc.). Among those researches, we can quote the WUDAPT project (Ching, 2012) aiming to define a worldwide building database based on the LCZ classification of urban forms (Stewart & Oke, 2009). 2. Problematics The main issue in integrating this type of information to urban scale simulations is the lack of precision of the available data for buildings (Ching et al., 2009). If a limited number of buildings can be very precisely described (through existing Building Information Model (BIM) for instance (Ferries et al., 2014), but also through historical studies or architectural inventories), the data at the city scale remains broadly heterogeneous. In this paper, we will present how we used those localized descriptions of buildings to enrich existing urban database existing at national scale in the context of the MApUCE project (a French research program that aims to integrate quantitative data from urban microclimate, climate and energy in urban policies). 3. Method Our working method, called GENIUS (GENerator of Interactive Urban blockS), was to perform a literature review combined with interviews of urban planners to characterize a typology of urban forms in the whole French territory, and to associate it with a wide database. The key theme of our work concerns the integration of building scale data into urban microclimate and energy consumption modelling. It leads us to formulate the question "how can we characterize the building scale in oder to update, and to make full use of urban simulation tools ?" To answer this question, we have broken down our work into three consecutive sections:-The first section interview urban planners about the differents urban typologies in France. Our aim is to take in account the vision of designers operating processes, in order to identify a system of ranking of urban typology .-The second section covers existing buildings database for identify, characterize intangible datas, such as buildings use, date of construction and buildings location. The aim of this analysis is to create the conditions for identify representative buildings in France.-The third section defines the building scale data. It is supported by a bibliographical study of building materials and systems, architecture and building cultures, conservation, etc. and is aimed at reaching an understanding of how information on building scale can be used for urban simulation tools. To conclude, we define different paths to be developed with the aim of improving the link between scale building data and urban microclimate and energy consumption modelling.

Des bases de données urbaines aux simulations énergétiques - Le projet MApUCE

International audienceUrban energy is a domain that covers many complex processes thatinteract at all scales of the city: the microclimate (the heat island effect), building energy consumption for heating or cooling, inhabitants’behav-ior, renewable energyproduction, etc. Few tools take account ofthis level of complexity atthis scale, making the adaptation and mitigation to climate change very difficult to integrate into urban policies and design practices.Within the MApUCEresearch project, which proposes a methodology to carry out simulations of these urban energy processes across all towns and cities in France, we have developed an approach whose objective is to obtain accurate data onbuildings’characteristics andmaterials. It is based on the implementationof an auto-matic method for determining the architectural and urban typologies for all cities of France and an architectural and historical database.The method for determining the typologiesis a comprehensive and automated methodto identify urban typolo-gies at the building and the city block scales. The method usesmorphologicalor sociodemographicindicators (determined from national databases)and makes a classification implementing a supervised learning method based on the "Random Forest".These typologies are coupled with the architectural database’s information, through the indication of the buildings’usage, their date of construction and geographical location allowing to characterize each of the buildings in terms of materiality (albedo, constructive system thermal insulation, etc.), and HVAC systems.L'énergétique urbaine est un domaine qui couvre de nombreux pro-cessus complexes interagissant à toutes les échelles de la ville : le microclimat (l'effet d'îlot de chaleur), la consommation énergétique des bâtiments pour le chauffage ou la climatisation, les comportements énergétiques des habitants, la production d'énergie renouvelable, etc. Peu d'outils tiennent compte de ce ni-veau de complexité à cette échelle, rendant l'adaptation et l'atténuation aux changements climatiques très difficiles à intégrer dans les politiques urbaines ou les pratiques de conception. Au sein du projet de recherche MApUCE, qui propose une méthodologie pour effectuer des simulations de ces processus d'énergétique urbaine à l'échelle de toutes les communes et villes de France, nous avons développé une approche dont l'objectif est de pouvoir obtenir des données précises sur les caractéristiques et les matériaux des bâtiments. Elle est basée sur la mise en oeuvre d'une méthode de détermination automatique des typologies architecturales et urbaines pour toutes les villes de France et d'une base de données architecturale et historique. La méthode de détermination des typologies est une méthode globale et automa-tisée, dérivée de GENIUS, pour identifier les typologies urbaines à l'échelle du bâtiment et de l'îlot urbain. Elle utilise des indicateurs morphologiques ou so-ciodémographiques (eux-mêmes déterminés à partir des bases de données natio-nales) et réalise une classification mettant en oeuvre une méthode d'apprentissage supervisé basée sur les « Random Forest ». Ces typologies sont croisées avec les informations de la base de données archi-tecturale, au travers de l'indication de l'usage des bâtiments, leurs dates de construction et leur localisation géographique permettant ainsi de caractériser chacun des bâtiments en terme de matérialité (albédo, système constructif, isolation thermique, etc.) et de systèmes CVC

Room temperature sol–gel synthesis of crystalline Cs[V3O8]. Probing the hydration level of the interlamellar space by 51V and 133Cs MAS NMR spectroscopy

International audienc

Strong biases in the transmission of sex chromosomes in the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi

International audienceThe typical life cycle of aphids involves several parthenogenetic generations followed by a single sexual one in autumn, i.e. cyclical parthenogenesis. Sexual females are genetically identical to their parthenogenetic mothers and carry two sex chromosomes (XX). Male production involves the elimination of one sex chromosome (to produce X0) that could give rise to genetic conflicts between X-chromosomes. In addition, deleterious recessive 'mutations could accumulate on sex chromosomes during the parthenogenetic phase and affect males differentially depending on the X-chromosome they inherit. Genetic conflicts and deleterious mutations thus may induce transmission bias that could be exaggerated in males. Here, the transmission of X-chromosomes has been studied in the laboratory in two cyclically parthenogenetic lineages of the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. X-chromosome transmission was followed, using X-linked microsatellite loci, at male production in the two lineages and in their hybrids deriving from reciprocal crosses. Genetic analyses revealed non-Mendelian inheritance of X-chromosomes in both parental and hybrid lineages at different steps of male function. Putative mechanisms and evolutionary consequences of non-Mendelian transmission of X-chromosomes to males are discusse