Changes on the nutritional compositions of the sand smelt (Atherina Boyeri Risso, 1810) marinade during storage

This study was carried out to evaluate the chemical and sensory quality of sand smelt (Atherina boyeri) treated with marinating solution containing either 10% NaCl+2% acetic acid or 10% NaCl+3% acetic acid at 4°C for 120 days. The fish-to-marinating solution ratio was 1:1. According to the results of the chemical composition analysis of the fresh and marinated sand smelt, a significant increase (P<0.05) in ash and fat content and a decrease (P<0.05) in protein and moisture content were determined. In fatty acid analysis results, it was seen that there existed a decrease in unsaturated fatty acids in the marinated samples, and it was understood that the samples which had been marinated by using 2 and 3% acetic acid at the end of the storage period for 120 days were not spoilt according to the results obtained from the pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and total volatile basic-nitrogen (TVB-N) analysis and sensory analysis. When comparing all parameters of group 2% with group 3%, the differences were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). However, it has been thought that only 3% acetic acid was suitable for marination of sand smelt because of the pH value of group 2%.Key words: Sand smelt, Atherina boyeri, marinade, acetic acid, nutritional composition

Instant Buying of Fast Fashion: Are Influencers to Blame?

Social media influencers (SMIs) have become a powerful force within the fast-fashion sector and can sway our purchasing behaviors and influence trends within the industry. An increasing number of SMIs are promoting sustainable and ethical fashion products, to encourage followers to be more environmentally-friendly, but at the same time buy fast-fashion. With Instagram now enabling in-app checkout for e-commerce brands, opportunities for an immediate reaction to SMIs’ recommendations are endless. To date, no evidence was presented to demonstrate the link between SMI content and consumer impulsiveness that benefits fast-fashion brands. In an attempt to fulfill this gap, survey data of 465 respondents shows that SMI content as a result of being perceived as both informative and entertaining has a significant role to play in stimulating instant buying. It was also found that the perceived credibility and authenticity of SMIs has a direct and positive link with consumers’ tendencies to buy spontaneously and unreflectively. In light of our findings, we question fast-fashion brands' intent in working with SMIs. It seems that by collaborating with SMIs in an attempt to educate consumers about sustainable and ethical consumption, fast-fashion is triggering a different outcome - commercial gains

Effects of pan frying with different oils on some of the chemical components, quality parameters and cholesterol levels of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The changes in chemical composition, cholesterol and fatty acids have been determined in raw and fried rainbow trout. Olive oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, margarine and butter were used in the frying process. Moisture content was decreased and protein, fat, ash and cholesterol contents were increased after frying. Differences in moisture, protein, fat, and ash content between the samples were significant (P < 0.05). pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) values were within the limiting depletability values. In the fish fried with sunflower oil and corn oil, an important amount of decrease (P < 0.05) was determined for myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, linolenic, arashidic, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, an important amount of increase (P < 0.05) was determined in heptadecanoic, oleic, and linoleic acid. DHA content was decreased in all oil groups. Cholesterol level was increased with the use of butter. The lowest level of cholesterol was observed in fish fried with margarine.Key words: Rainbow trout, frying, fatty acid, cholesterol

A microsatellite marker for yellow rust resistance in wheat

Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) was used to identify molecular markers associated with yellow rust disease resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). DNAs isolated from the selected yellow rust tolerant and susceptible F-2 individuals derived from a cross between yellow rust resistant and susceptible wheat genotypes were used to established a "tolerant" and a "susceptible" DNA pool. The BSA was then performed on these DNA pools using 230 markers that were previously mapped onto the individual wheat chromosomes. One of the SSR markers (Xgwm382) located on chromosome group 2 (A, B, D genomes) was present in the resistant parent and the resistant bulk but not in the susceptible parent and the susceptible bulk, suggesting that this marker is linked to a yellow rust resistance gene. The presence of Xgwm382 was also tested in 108 additional wheat genotypes differing in yellow rust resistance. This analysis showed that 81% of the wheat genotypes known to be yellow rust resistant had the Xgwm382 marker, further suggesting that the presence of this marker correlates with yellow rust resistance in diverse wheat germplasm. Therefore, Xgwm382 could be useful for marker assisted selection of yellow rust resistances genotypes in wheat breeding programs

Angiogenesis is associated with the onset of hyperplasia in human ductal breast disease

BACKGROUND: The precise timing of the angiogenic switch and the role of angiogenesis in the development of breast malignancy is currently unknown. METHODS: Therefore, the expression of CD31 (pan endothelial cells (ECs)), endoglin (actively proliferating ECs), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) and tissue factor (TF) were quantified in 140 surgical specimens comprising normal human breast, benign and pre-malignant hyperplastic tissue, in situ and invasive breast cancer specimens. RESULTS: Significant increases in angiogenesis (microvessel density) were observed between normal and benign hyperplastic breast tissue (P<0.005), and between in situ and invasive carcinomas (P<0.0005). In addition, significant increases in proliferating ECs were observed in benign hyperplastic breast compared with normal breast (P<0.05) cancers and in invasive compared with in situ cancers (P<0.005). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, VEGF and TF expression were significantly associated with increases in both angiogenesis and proliferating ECs (P<0.05). Moreover, HIF-1alpha was expressed by 60-75% of the hyperplastic lesions, and a significant association was observed between VEGF and TF in ECs (P<0.005) and invasive tumour cells (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings are the first to suggest that the angiogenic switch, associated with increases in HIF-1alpha, VEGF and TF expression, occurs at the onset of hyperplasia in the mammary duct, although the greatest increase in angiogenesis occurs with the development of invasion

An organelle-specific protein landscape identifies novel diseases and molecular mechanisms

Cellular organelles provide opportunities to relate biological mechanisms to disease. Here we use affinity proteomics, genetics and cell biology to interrogate cilia: poorly understood organelles, where defects cause genetic diseases. Two hundred and seventeen tagged human ciliary proteins create a final landscape of 1,319 proteins, 4,905 interactions and 52 complexes. Reverse tagging, repetition of purifications and statistical analyses, produce a high-resolution network that reveals organelle-specific interactions and complexes not apparent in larger studies, and links vesicle transport, the cytoskeleton, signalling and ubiquitination to ciliary signalling and proteostasis. We observe sub-complexes in exocyst and intraflagellar transport complexes, which we validate biochemically, and by probing structurally predicted, disruptive, genetic variants from ciliary disease patients. The landscape suggests other genetic diseases could be ciliary including 3M syndrome. We show that 3M genes are involved in ciliogenesis, and that patient fibroblasts lack cilia. Overall, this organelle-specific targeting strategy shows considerable promise for Systems Medicine

Mobile tech: Superfood or super fad of Creative Business?

Purpose - Creative agencies are well-known for pioneering technological transformation due its reliance on information and communication technology. Not surprisingly creative businesses are experimenting with mobile technology, but the extent and the scope of mobile technology deployment, and its impact on innovation practices are under explored. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to explore the role of mobile technology deployment in innovation practices by, firstly, identifying how mobile technology is deployed in creative businesses and, secondly, discovering the behavioral differences in ways creative agencies deploy mobile technology to facilitate or stimulate innovation practices. Methodology - Innovation practices and mobile technology deployment are studied by interviewing creative business decision-makers from the 31 UK creative agencies. The evolved grounded theory approach is used to analyze the interviews data as well as complimentary documents shared by interviewees. Data was arranged, scanned, coded and categorized using NVivo 10 qualitative data analysis software. Findings - Applying a capability approach and service innovation practice theoretical perspectives, this grounded theory research discovered three clusters of creative agencies (Clusters A, B and C), which reflect on diverse practices of mobile technology deployment and its impact of innovation practices. Mobile technology is in fact a superfood that with the right combination of resources and capabilities delivers strategic benefits for creative business. We conclude that creative agencies deploy mobile technology extensively, and it is the interaction between mobile technology resources and mobile technology capabilities stimulate and facilitate process and product service innovation practices. A critical reflection on existing research findings against empirical results explaining mobile technology deployment in creative agencies has demonstrated overlaps and differences in the results. Results on mobile technology deployment overlap with research on fixed networks and stationary IT. However, no previous studies have explored how mechanisms of combining resources with capabilities affect service innovation practices. This study provides such insights, by specifically investigating the interaction between mobile technology resources and mobile technology capabilities and by reflection on practises across creative agencies. In particular distinct clusters have been identified which demonstrate that depending on organizational commitment of creative businesses to mobile technology deployment, interaction between mobile technology resources and mobile technology capabilities can lead to both service innovation practices, in particular process service innovation practices only (Cluster A) and both process service innovation practices and products service innovation practices (Clusters B and C). Practical Implications - The understanding of mobile technology deployment process that derives from this paper is particularly significant in showing creative businesses’ managers the real value in embracing mobile technology. Considering the clustering of creative agencies based on organisational commitment they have towards mobile technology deployment, this study signals that creative business decision-makers can deploy mobile technology to effectively manage operations or/and produce new solutions. Originality/Value/Contribution – This paper’s main theoretical contribution is in researching mobile technology deployment process using the capability approach. This study defines ‘mobile technology capabilities’ as a firm’s unique practices employed in orchestrating mobile technology resources to create a competitive advantage. Mobile technology capabilities consist of five distinct practices that firms perform to combine and integrate mobile technology resources into organisational processes, namely learning, leading, transforming, leveraging mobile technology resources and solving problems. Moreover, this study is first to integrate conceptually service innovation and mobile technology deployment by grounding this conceptualisation in empirical setting, which is creative agencies delivering advertising, marketing, digital design and digital architecture services

Internet addiction, fatigue, and sleep problems among adolescent students: a large-scale study

Aim: The aim of the present study was to examine the association between Internet Addiction (IA), fatigue, and sleep problems among university students. Methods: A total of 3,000 Turkish students aged 18 to 25 years were approached and 2,350 students (78.3%) participated in this cross-sectional study from April 2017 to September 2017 in public and private universities in Istanbul. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire including socio-demographic details, lifestyle and dietary habits, Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Fatigue Scale, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]. Descriptive statistics, multivariate and factorial analyses were performed. Results: The overall prevalence of IA among the studied population was 17.7%. There were significant differences between gender, family income, father’s occupation, school performance, frequency and duration of watching television, physical activity, internet use duration, and sleep duration (all p<0.001). Significant differences were also found between participants with IA and those without IA in having headaches, blurred vision, double vision, hurting eyes, hearing problems, and eating fast food frequently (all p<0.001). Using multivariate regression analysis, the duration of internet use, physical and mental symptoms, headache, hurting eyes, tired eyes, hearing problems and ESS scores were significantly associated with (and primary predictors of) IA. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that IA was associated with poor dietary habits, sleep problems, and fatigue symptoms

The Tumor-Immune Microenvironment and Response to Radiation Therapy

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) are standard therapeutic modalities for patients with cancer, including breast cancer. Historic studies examining tissue and cellular responses to RT have predominantly focused on damage caused to proliferating malignant cells leading to their death. However, there is increasing evidence that RT also leads to significant alterations in the tumor microenvironment, particularly with respect to effects on immune cells infiltrating tumors. This review focuses on tumor-associated immune cell responses following RT and discusses how immune responses may be modified to enhance durability and efficacy of RT