464 research outputs found
Pathogenic, Molecular, and Immunological Properties of a Virus Associated with Sea Turtle Fibropapillomatosis. Phase II : Viral Pathogenesis and Development of Diagnostic Assays
Research conducted under this RWO from July 1, 1997 through June 30, 2000 has
provided important new information about the pathogenesis, virology, and
immunology of marine turtle fibropapillomatosis. In particular, we have provided
strong evidence for the association of a herpesvirus with fibropapillomatosis of the
green turtle,Chelonia mydas, and the loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta, in Florida. In
addition we have provided new evidence for the absence of papillomaviruses from
sea turtle fibropapillomas. Although unsuccessful, important new attempts were made
to cultivate the FP-associated herpesvirus in vitro in collaboration with the National
Wildlife Health Center. During this period of time, we completed publication of the first
comprehensive description of the comparative pathology and pathogenesis of
experimentally induced and spontaneous fibropapillomas of green turtles (Chelonia
mydas). We initiated innovative studies on the persistence of a Chelonian
herpesviruses in the marine environment demonstrating for the first time that the
environmental survivability of Chelonian herpesviruses makes them real threats to
marine turtle health. Finally, we explored development of a serological assay for FP
using synthetic herpesvirus peptides and developed methodologies for detection of
antibodies to LETV [Iung-eye-trachea virus] a disease-associated herpesvirus of the
green turtle, Chelonia mydas.. This last initiative is ongoing and will further our efforts
to develop specific immunological assays for the FP-associated herpesvirus and FP. (17 page document
Long-term photo-id and satellite tracking reveal sex-biased survival linked to movements in an endangered species
Once and Future Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem: Restoration Recommendations of an Expert Working Group
The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) well blowout released more petroleum hydrocarbons into the marine environment than any previous U.S. oil spill (4.9 million barrels), fouling marine life, damaging deep sea and shoreline habitats and causing closures of economically valuable fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico. A suite of pollutants—liquid and gaseous petroleum compounds plus chemical dispersants—poured into ecosystems that had already been stressed by overfishing, development and global climate change. Beyond the direct effects that were captured in dramatic photographs of oiled birds in the media, it is likely that there are subtle, delayed, indirect and potentially synergistic impacts of these widely dispersed, highly bioavailable and toxic hydrocarbons and chemical dispersants on marine life from pelicans to salt marsh grasses and to deep-sea animals. As tragic as the DWH blowout was, it has stimulated public interest in protecting this economically, socially and environmentally critical region. The 2010 Mabus Report, commissioned by President Barack Obama and written by the secretary of the Navy, provides a blueprint for restoring the Gulf that is bold, visionary and strategic. It is clear that we need not only to repair the damage left behind by the oil but also to go well beyond that to restore the anthropogenically stressed and declining Gulf ecosystems to prosperity-sustaining levels of historic productivity. For this report, we assembled a team of leading scientists with expertise in coastal and marine ecosystems and with experience in their restoration to identify strategies and specific actions that will revitalize and sustain the Gulf coastal economy. Because the DWH spill intervened in ecosystems that are intimately interconnected and already under stress, and will remain stressed from global climate change, we argue that restoration of the Gulf must go beyond the traditional "in-place, in-kind" restoration approach that targets specific damaged habitats or species. A sustainable restoration of the Gulf of Mexico after DWH must: 1. Recognize that ecosystem resilience has been compromised by multiple human interventions predating the DWH spill; 2. Acknowledge that significant future environmental change is inevitable and must be factored into restoration plans and actions for them to be durable; 3. Treat the Gulf as a complex and interconnected network of ecosystems from shoreline to deep sea; and 4. Recognize that human and ecosystem productivity in the Gulf are interdependent, and that human needs from and effects on the Gulf must be integral to restoration planning. With these principles in mind, the authors provide the scientific basis for a sustainable restoration program along three themes: 1. Assess and repair damage from DWH and other stresses on the Gulf; 2. Protect existing habitats and populations; and 3. Integrate sustainable human use with ecological processes in the Gulf of Mexico. Under these themes, 15 historically informed, adaptive, ecosystem-based restoration actions are presented to recover Gulf resources and rebuild the resilience of its ecosystem. The vision that guides our recommendations fundamentally imbeds the restoration actions within the context of the changing environment so as to achieve resilience of resources, human communities and the economy into the indefinite future
A Once and Future Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem: Restoration Recommendations of an Expert Working Group
The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) well blowout released more petroleum hydrocarbons into the marine environment than any previous U.S. oil spill (4.9 million barrels), fouling marine life, damaging deep sea and shoreline habitats and causing closures of economically valuable fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico. A suite of pollutants — liquid and gaseous petroleum compounds plus chemical dispersants — poured into ecosystems that had already been stressed by overfishing, development and global climate change. Beyond the direct effects that were captured in dramatic photographs of oiled birds in the media, it is likely that there are subtle, delayed, indirect and potentially synergistic impacts of these widely dispersed, highly bioavailable and toxic hydrocarbons and chemical dispersants on marine life from pelicans to salt marsh grasses and to deep-sea animals.
As tragic as the DWH blowout was, it has stimulated public interest in protecting this economically, socially and environmentally critical region. The 2010 Mabus Report, commissioned by President Barack Obama and written by the secretary of the Navy, provides a blueprint for restoring the Gulf that is bold, visionary and strategic. It is clear that we need not only to repair the damage left behind by the oil but also to go well beyond that to restore the anthropogenically stressed and declining Gulf ecosystems to prosperity-sustaining levels of historic productivity. For this report, we assembled a team of leading scientists with expertise in coastal and marine ecosystems and with experience in their restoration to identify strategies and specific actions that will revitalize and sustain the Gulf coastal economy.
Because the DWH spill intervened in ecosystems that are intimately interconnected and already under stress, and will remain stressed from global climate change, we argue that restoration of the Gulf must go beyond the traditional “in-place, in-kind” restoration approach that targets specific damaged habitats or species. A sustainable restoration of the Gulf of Mexico after DWH must:
1. Recognize that ecosystem resilience has been compromised by multiple human interventions predating the DWH spill;
2. Acknowledge that significant future environmental change is inevitable and must be factored into restoration plans and actions for them to be durable;
3. Treat the Gulf as a complex and interconnected network of ecosystems from shoreline to deep sea; and
4. Recognize that human and ecosystem productivity in the Gulf are interdependent, and that human needs from and effects on the Gulf must be integral to restoration planning.
With these principles in mind, we provide the scientific basis for a sustainable restoration program along three themes:
1. Assess and repair damage from DWH and other stresses on the Gulf;
2. Protect existing habitats and populations; and
3. Integrate sustainable human use with ecological processes in the Gulf of Mexico.
Under these themes, 15 historically informed, adaptive, ecosystem-based restoration actions are presented to recover Gulf resources and rebuild the resilience of its ecosystem. The vision that guides our recommendations fundamentally imbeds the restoration actions within the context of the changing environment so as to achieve resilience of resources, human communities and the economy into the indefinite future
Sea turtles : University of Florida – University of the Azores connection 1984 – present. A review
The loggerhead (Caretta caretta) is the most common sea turtle in the Azores. Since they do not nest in the area, a tagging program was started in the 1980’s to try to discover their origin. The result based on size distribution, suggested that they mainly are coming from beaches in SE United States. A collaboration between University of Florida and the University of the Azores began in 1984 in order to proceed with further research.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Centrality dependence of charged hadron production in deuteron+gold and nucleon+gold collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV
We present transverse momentum (p_T) spectra of charged hadrons measured in
deuteron-gold and nucleon-gold collisions at \sqrts = 200 GeV for four
centrality classes. Nucleon-gold collisions were selected by tagging events in
which a spectator nucleon was observed in one of two forward rapidity
detectors. The spectra and yields were investigated as a function of the number
of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions, \nu, suffered by deuteron nucleons. A
comparison of charged particle yields to those in p+p collisions show that the
yield per nucleon-nucleon collision saturates with \nu for high momentum
particles. We also present the charged hadron to neutral pion ratios as a
function of p_T.Comment: 330 authors, 15 pages text, 16 figures, 3 tables. Submitted to Phys.
Rev. Lett. v2 has minor changes to reflect revisions during review process.
Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and
previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at
http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Azimuthal Angle Correlations for Rapidity Separated Hadron Pairs in d+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
We report on two-particle azimuthal angle correlations between charged
hadrons at forward/backward (deuteron/gold going direction) rapidity and
charged hadrons at mid-rapidity in deuteron-gold (d+Au) and proton-proton (p+p)
collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. Jet structures are observed in the
correlations which we quantify in terms of the conditional yield and angular
width of away side partners. The kinematic region studied here samples partons
in the gold nucleus carrying nucleon momentum fraction x~0.1 to x~0.01. Within
this range, we find no x dependence of the jet structure in d+Au collisions.Comment: 330 authors, 6 pages text, 4 figures, no tables. Submitted to Phys.
Rev. Lett. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this
and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at
http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Direct photon production in d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV
Direct photons have been measured in sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV d+Au collisions at
midrapidity. A wide p_T range is covered by measurements of nearly-real virtual
photons (1<p_T<6 GeV/c) and real photons (5<p_T<16 GeV/c). The invariant yield
of the direct photons in d+Au collisions over the scaled p+p cross section is
consistent with unity. Theoretical calculations assuming standard cold nuclear
matter effects describe the data well for the entire p_T range. This indicates
that the large enhancement of direct photons observed in Au+Au collisions for
1.0<p_T<2.5 GeV/c is due to a source other than the initial-state nuclear
effects.Comment: 547 authors, 7 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.. Plain
text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous
PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at
http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Jet Structure from Dihadron Correlations in d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
Dihadron correlations at high transverse momentum in d+Au collisions at
sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV at midrapidity are measured by the PHENIX experiment at
the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). From these correlations we extract
several structural characteristics of jets; the root-mean-squared (RMS)
transverse momentum of fragmenting hadrons with respect to the jet
sqrt(), the mean sine-squared angle between the scattered partons
, and the number of particles produced within the dijet that are
associated with a high-p_T particle (dN/dx_E distributions). We observe that
the fragmentation characteristics of jets in d+Au collisions are very similar
to those in p+p collisions and that there is also little dependence on the
centrality of the d+Au collision. This is consistent with the nuclear medium
having little influence on the fragmentation process. Furthermore, there is no
statistically significant increase in the value of from p+p to
d+Au collisions. This constrains the amount of multiple scattering that partons
undergo in the cold nuclear medium before and after a hard-collision.Comment: 330 authors, 30 pages text, RevTeX4, 42 figures, 20 tables. Submitted
to Physical Review C. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in
figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly
available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Double Helicity Asymmetry in Inclusive Mid-Rapidity neutral pion Production for Polarized p+p Collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV
We present a measurement of the double longitudinal spin asymmetry in
inclusive pi^0 production in polarized proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s)=200
GeV. The data were taken at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider with average
beam polarizations of 26%. The measurements are the first of a program to study
the longitudinal spin structure of the proton, using strongly interacting
probes, at collider energies. The asymmetry is presented for transverse momenta
1-5 GeV/c at mid-rapidity, where next-to-leading order perturbative quantum
chromodynamic (NLO pQCD) calculations describe the unpolarized cross section
well. The observed asymmetry is small and is compared with a NLO pQCD
calculation with a range of polarized gluon distributions.Comment: 326 authors, 6 pages text, RevTeX, 3 figures, 1 table. To be
submitted to PRL. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures
for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available
at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
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