Causes and Consequences of the Downturn in Financial Remittances to Turkey: A Descriptive Approach

In the context of Turkey’s accession to the EU, the issue of potential migration from Turkey and its impact upon European labor markets became one of the concerns of the EU, considering Turkey’s growing population and young labor force. In 2011, half a century after the bi-lateral agreement between Turkey and Germany on labor recruitment in 1961, migration plays a key role in relations of Turkey with the EU and will even increase its significance – not necessarily for the next fifty years but certainly for the next decade. This book touches upon various aspects of the ongoing debate about the effects of Turkey’s accession to the EU upon the migration flows and sheds light on various dimensions of current panorama, addresses policy implications as well as future challenges and opportunities.In the context of Turkey’s accession to the EU, the issue of potential migration from Turkey and its impact upon European labor markets became one of the concerns of the EU, considering Turkey’s growing population and young labor force. In 2011, half a century after the bi-lateral agreement between Turkey and Germany on labor recruitment in 1961, migration plays a key role in relations of Turkey with the EU and will even increase its significance – not necessarily for the next fifty years but certainly for the next decade. This book touches upon various aspects of the ongoing debate about the effects of Turkey’s accession to the EU upon the migration flows and sheds light on various dimensions of current panorama, addresses policy implications as well as future challenges and opportunities

Income, consumption and remittances: Evidence from immigrants to Australia

For many countries, remittance behaviour by migrants is an important component of their overall international financial flows. To date, the empirical literature has analysed the propensity to remit as a function of migrants' socio-economic characteristics. However, no studies have fully addressed the empirical implications of remittance behaviour being determined in the broader context of migrants' labour, income and consumption allocation strategy. On the contrary, the migrant's income has almost always been treated as exogenous in this context. The aim of this study is to estimate a remittance equation that detects the main determinants of remittance behaviour while addressing endogeneity and reverse causality relationships between remittances, income, consumption and savings. Moreover, since a large share of individuals do not remit money at all, an instrumental variable variant of the double-hurdle selection model is proposed and estimated by LIML. A sending country perspective is adopted in the empirical analysis by considering the first cohort of the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia. We find that endogeneity is substantial and that estimates obtained by the methods previously employed in the literature may be very misleading if given a behavioural interpretation. Our results confirm some theoretical predictions and shed light on others; notably, we show that selfish motives in remitters are at least as important as altruistic motives. --Double-hurdle model,migration,remittances

The intertwined role of social and financial remittances in new firms' creation

The paper investigates the role of financial and social remittances in promoting new business creation in migrants’ home countries. By considering a panel of 143 countries during the period 2006–2018, we propose a way to operationalize the complex definition of social remittances and show that both financial and social remittances are positively correlated with the decision to create new firms, even though the effects of financial remittances crucially depend on the level of social remittances. This non-linear relationship points to the fact that countries with better institutions are likely to generate more intense flows of social remittances. However, they also allow for faster socio-economic integration of migrants and may weaken diasporas’ interest and direct financial engagement in entrepreneurial projects in the country of origin. Results obtained on the entire sample are confirmed when looking at the two subsamples of developing and non-OECD countries, respectively

A firm level perspective on migration: the role of extra-EU workers in Italian manufacturing

A production-theory approach to migration is adopted in this paper to address the role of migrant workers from extra-EU countries in Italian manufacturing firms. The adoption of flexible functional forms to model firm-level technology lets us directly derive different measures of elasticity from the coefficients of the estimated production and cost functions. The use of foreign labour is shown to affect the industry composition in favour of low skill intensive sectors and the estimated cross demand elasticities confirm the complementarity between migrant and native workers found in previous studies. However, the two labour inputs prove to be substitutes in terms of the Morishima elasticity of substitution: in general, firms tend to increase the foreign labour intensity of production in response to a decline in migrants’ wage, while the migrant to domestic labour ratio responds to changes in the domestic workers’ wage only for firms in low skill intensive sectors

List of Figures / List of Tables / Acknowledgement

In the context of Turkey’s accession to the EU, the issue of potential migration from Turkey and its impact upon European labor markets became one of the concerns of the EU, considering Turkey’s growing population and young labor force. In 2011, half a century after the bi-lateral agreement between Turkey and Germany on labor recruitment in 1961, migration plays a key role in relations of Turkey with the EU and will even increase its significance – not necessarily for the next fifty years but certainly for the next decade. This book touches upon various aspects of the ongoing debate about the effects of Turkey’s accession to the EU upon the migration flows and sheds light on various dimensions of current panorama, addresses policy implications as well as future challenges and opportunities.In the context of Turkey’s accession to the EU, the issue of potential migration from Turkey and its impact upon European labor markets became one of the concerns of the EU, considering Turkey’s growing population and young labor force. In 2011, half a century after the bi-lateral agreement between Turkey and Germany on labor recruitment in 1961, migration plays a key role in relations of Turkey with the EU and will even increase its significance – not necessarily for the next fifty years but certainly for the next decade. This book touches upon various aspects of the ongoing debate about the effects of Turkey’s accession to the EU upon the migration flows and sheds light on various dimensions of current panorama, addresses policy implications as well as future challenges and opportunities

Income, Consumption and Remittances: Evidence from Immigrants to Australia

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Patients' perceptions of quality of care delivery by urology residents: A nationwide study

Objective To present the results of a nationwide survey among urological patients to evaluate their perception of the quality of care provided by residents. Methods An anonymous survey was distributed to patients who were referred to 22 Italian academic institutions. The survey aimed to investigate the professional figure of the urology resident as perceived by the patient. Results A total of 2587 patients were enrolled in this study. In all, 51.6% of patients were able to correctly identify a urology resident; however, almost 40% of respondents discriminated residents from fully trained urologists based exclusively on their young age. Overall, 98.2% patients rated the service provided by the resident as at least sufficient. Urology trainees were considered by more than 50% of the patients interviewed to have good communication skills, expertise and willingness. Overall, patients showed an excellent willingness to be managed by urology residents. The percentage of patients not available for this purpose showed an increasing trend that directly correlated with the difficulty of the procedure. Approximately 5-10% of patients were not willing to be managed by residents for simple procedures such as clinical visits, cystoscopy or sonography, and up to a third of patients were not prepared to undergo any surgical procedure performed by residents during steps in major surgery, even if the residents were adequately tutored. Conclusions Our data showed that patients have a good willingness to be managed by residents during their training, especially for medium- to low-difficulty procedures. Furthermore, the majority of patients interviewed rated the residents' care delivery as sufficient. Urology trainees were considered to have good communication skills, expertise and willingness

STALKING AND ON-LINE THREATS: STALKERWARE

openIl presente lavoro ha lo scopo di chiarire che cosa si intende per stalkerware, come esso possa essere affrontato dalle istituzione e come aiutare sia le vittime che gli autori ad uscire da questa situazione. Sono partita da una breve ricostruzione storica del fenomeno dello stalking e le sue varie fasi, fino ad arrivare allo stalkerware, le varie tipologie di applicazioni installabili nei dispositivi fissi e mobili della vittima, come rilevarle e difendersi da esse. Dopodiché citerò alcuni riferimenti normativi europei e italiani, in particolare la convenzione di Istanbul sulla prevenzione e la lotta contro la violenza nei confronti delle donne, il codice rosso, gli articoli 612-bis, 612-ter e 617-bis comma 1 del codice penale. Nel terzo capitolo affronterò la tematica delle conseguenze sulla vita delle vittime di stalking e stalkerware, quali sono le forme di protezione loro, quali tipologie di percorsi in uscita possono intraprendere e citerò dei casi di cronaca italiana. Infine, verrà approfondito il profilo comportamentale dello stalker. Spiegherò quali sono i trattamenti rieducativi per gli autori, come agiscono i centri per il trattamento di questi uomini, una particolare esperienza di un centro di ascolto di Salerno. E alla fine riporterò la testimonianza di un ex maltrattante uscito dal comportamento violento.This paper aims to clarify what is meant by stalkerware, how it can be dealt with by institutions and how to help both victims and perpetrators to get out of this situation. I will start with a brief historical reconstruction of the phenomenon of stalking and its various stages, and then I will discuss stalkerware, the various types of applications that can be installed on the victim's fixed and mobile devices, how to detect them and defend against them. After that, I will mention some European and Italian legal references, in particular the Istanbul convention on preventing and combating violence against women, the red code, articles 612-bis, 612-ter and 617-bis paragraph 1 of the penal code. In the third chapter, I will address the consequences on the lives of victims of stalking and stalkerware, what forms of protection are available to them, what types of exit routes they can take, and I will mention some Italian cases. Finally, the behavioural profile of the stalker will be explored. I will explain what are the re-educational treatments for perpetrators, how do the centres for the treatment of these men act, a particular experience of a listening centre in Salerno. And at the end, I will report the testimony of a former abuser who came out of violent behaviour