12 research outputs found
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The eukaryotic CO2-concentrating organelle is liquid-like and exhibits dynamic reorganization
Approximately 30%–40% of global CO 2 fixation occurs inside a non-membrane-bound organelle called the pyrenoid, which is found within the chloroplasts of most eukaryotic algae. The pyrenoid matrix is densely packed with the CO 2-fixing enzyme Rubisco and is thought to be a crystalline or amorphous solid. Here, we show that the pyrenoid matrix of the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is not crystalline but behaves as a liquid that dissolves and condenses during cell division. Furthermore, we show that new pyrenoids are formed both by fission and de novo assembly. Our modeling predicts the existence of a “magic number” effect associated with special, highly stable heterocomplexes that influences phase separation in liquid-like organelles. This view of the pyrenoid matrix as a phase-separated compartment provides a paradigm for understanding its structure, biogenesis, and regulation. More broadly, our findings expand our understanding of the principles that govern the architecture and inheritance of liquid-like organelles
Priming of Stylosanthes seeds Condicionamento osmótico de sementes de Stylosanthes
It is estimated that 60% of the area of cultivated pasture, in the Brazilian Savannah, is degraded or in process of degradation, due to, among other causes, the lack of nitrogen. The Stylosanthes genus is the legume which has the greater number of cultivars used in tropical pastures, however, its seeds have characteristics which can difficult the formation of an adequate stand of plants on pasture. In this research the aim was to evaluate the effects of priming in the speed and uniformity of the Stylosanthes capitata, S. macrocephala and S. guianensis seeds germination. The seeds were kept for 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours in aired media PEG 6,000 at 0.0, -0.5, -1.0 and -1.5MPa. Afterwards, they were sent to the germination test. The variables analyzed were germination percent, germination speed index (GSI) and average germination time (AGT). For S. capitata it is recommended priming at 0.0 MPa for 10 hours, and for S. macrocephala the recommended potential is -0.5 MPa. However, for the S. guianensis the priming is not recommended under the time and potentials evaluated in this research.<br>Atualmente, estima-se que 60% da área de pastagem cultivada, no Cerrado, esteja degradada ou em processo de degradação, devido, entre outras causas, à deficiência de nitrogênio. O gênero Stylosanthes é uma leguminosa que possui maior número de cultivares usadas em pastagens tropicais, no entanto, suas sementes apresentam características que podem dificultar a formação de um estande adequado da pastagem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do condicionamento osmótico na velocidade e uniformidade da germinação das sementes de Stylosanthes capitata, S. macrocephala e S. guianensis. As sementes foram mantidas por um período de 12, 24, 36 e 48 horas em solução aerada de PEG 6000 a 0,0, -0,5, -1,0 e -1,5MPa, sendo posteriormente submetidas ao teste de germinação. Foram avaliadas as variáveis porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e tempo médio de germinação (TMG). Para S. capitata, recomenda-se o condicionamento a 0,0MPa durante 10 horas e para S. macrocephala o potencial recomendado é de -0,5MPa. No entanto, para S. guianensis, o condicionamento não é recomendado sob os potenciais e períodos testados neste trabalho