687 research outputs found
Avaliação sensorial de infusões com diferentes misturas de Lippia alba e Syzygium aromaticum
Na atualidade, existe uma tendência crescente para o consumo de
infusões preparadas a partir de diferentes matérias-primas, sendo a mistura
de elas uma opção frequente. Contudo, para proporcionar uma maior
satisfação a quem as ingere, as quantidades e proporções das misturas deve
previamente ser estudada do ponto de vista sensorial. Assim, o presente
trabalho teve como principal objetivo proceder à avaliação sensorial infusões
obtidas a partir de diferentes misturas de lipia (Lippia albaj e de cravo
(Syzygium aromaticum) nomeadamente: Infusão l (li): 25% de cravo e 75%
de lipia; Infusão Zfl;): 50% de cravo e 50% de lipia; Infusão 3 (la): 75% de cravo
e 25% de lipia; Infusão 4 (14): 100% de cravo; e Infusão 5 (Is): 100% de lipia,
para verificar a que apresenta maior aceitação. As infusões foram preparadas
à razão de lOg de mistura de plantas/L de água, com água a 80^C e deixadas a
repousar durante 5 minutos. Posteriormente foram sujeitas à avaliação
sensorial por um painel de doze provadores previamente treinado e que
avaliou os seguintes aspetos: intensidade de cor, transparência, sensação do
aroma, intensidade do aroma, sensação bucal, persistência, amargar,
adstringência, doce o picante, numa escala não estruturada de O a 10. De
acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que a intensidade de cor
variou de 0,7 e 4,3 com os valores superiores a serem registados em lie l;. A
transparência, com valores a oscilar entre 0,8 e 2,7 sendo mais elevada em l;.
A 13 foi a que apresentou um aroma mais agradável comparativamente às
restantes infusões com uma mediana de 7, 1, em oposição a Is foi a infusão
considerada menos agradável de todas as testadas pelo painel. Na avaliação
da intensidade de aroma, a [4 foi a que apresentou maior intensidade de
aroma com valores médios de 7e a Isa que apresentou menores valores de
intensidade de aroma com 4 de mediana. As l; e [3 apresentaram uma
sensação bucal mais agradável, eas lie Iz a maior persistência. Na sensação de amargo, as l; e [4 foram as consideradas mais amargas e adstringentes. No
que respeita ao doce, a maior intensidade foi detetada em l; e Ig, enquanto a
menor correspondeu à 14. No picante, a [4 foi a que apresentou a maior
intensidade de picante foi apresentada pela [4 e a menor pela \s. Os aromas
sensoriais predominantemente referidos foram o herbal com sensação
eucalipto, menta, pinho e erva cortada; aromas doces a mel néctar e aromas
cítricos a limão, o que estará relacionado com a composição química dos
óleos essenciais das plantas em mistura, como por exemplo o teor em
eugenol do cravo que origina sensações de adocicado e o cravacol da lipia
como adstringente. De uma maneira geral, a mistura que continha 50% de
lipia e 50% de cravo (l;) foi a preferida pelo painel.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
High-throughput transcriptome profiling of contrasting pathotypes of the coffee rust Hemileia vastatrix
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Identification of Mexican Maize Races (Zea mays L.) with Drought Tolerance using Osmotic Potential Experiments for Genetic Breeding
Received: July 13th, 2023 ; Accepted: September 23rd, 2023 ; Published: October 23rd, 2023 ; Correspondence: [email protected] (Zea mays L.) is the third most important cereal crop worldwide after wheat and
rice per cultivated area with 249,225,876 hectares and the most important crop for number of
harvested grain tons with 1,482,997,259 in 2021. Some native Mexican maize races could be a
source for drought tolerance to improve commercial cultivars and hybrids. The experiments were
conducted using various osmotic pressures (OP) induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000)
(0, -0.05, -0.15, -0.30 and -0.49 MPa) simulating an increase of drought stress in ten maize
genotypes. The main objectives of this study were the evaluation of germination and seedling
growth components in response to drought stress and the identification of sources of drought
tolerance in Mexican maize races. Apachito-r showed an increased germination in 110.4%,
Cristalino-079 had a decreased germination in 98.7% and Cristalino-279 reduced its germination
in a 91.1% compared to the control. Apachito-r outstands in root length at -0.05 OP increasing
200.1% and at -0.49 increasing 129.8%. The values for stem length were decreasing as the OP
was increasing and only Apachito-r showed a significant difference at -0.30 MPa decreasing
39.8% respect to its control. Cristalino-279 showed significant difference in the variable root
fresh weight and its value outstand at -0.15 increasing 267.2%, at -0.30 increasing 281.6% and at
-0.49 MPa increasing 189.3% compared to the control in water. The variable root dry weight had
the highest value for Apachito-r at -0.05 MPa increasing in a 189.4%, decreasing at -0.15 in 72%
and at -0.30 MPa in a 79.8% and increasing at -0.49 MPa in 112.3%. Also noteworthy are
E-zapata-r increasing 190.5% and Cristalino-061 increasing 142.9% at -0.30. E-zapata-r at -0.49
increased 115.1%. Cristalino-279 showed significant difference in the variable stem fresh weight
and its value outstand at -0.05, -0.15 and -0.30 MPa increasing 146.7%, 103.7% and 60.2%
respectively. Finally, in stem dry weight the tendency was to decrease as OP was increasing,
however Cristalino-279 showed differences at -0.30 decreasing in 89.5% and at -0.49 MPa
increasing in a 143.5% respect to the control. The most drought tolerant genotypes were
Cristalino-279, Apachito-r, Azul and 8-carreras-PP. The most tolerant genotypes showed greater
root length, greater root fresh and dry weight, better germination and greater stem length.
Resistant and susceptible genotypes are ideal material to understand the physical and chemical
mechanisms related to drought tolerance. Cristalino-279 shows the best level of drought tolerance
at all levels of osmotic pressure, this genotype can be used as a source of drought tolerance for
the improvement of commercial maize
Primary Hyperparathyroidism: The Influence of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue on Bone Loss and of Osteocalcin on Insulin Resistance
OBJECTIVES: Bone marrow adipose tissue has been associated with low bone mineral density. However, no data exist regarding marrow adipose tissue in primary hyperparathyroidism, a disorder associated with bone loss in conditions of high bone turnover. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between marrow adipose tissue, bone mass and parathyroid hormone. The influence of osteocalcin on the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was also evaluated. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a university hospital, involving 18 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and 21 controls (CG). Bone mass was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and marrow adipose tissue was assessed by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The biochemical evaluation included the determination of parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, glucose and insulin levels. RESULTS: A negative association was found between the bone mass at the 1/3 radius and parathyroid hormone levels (r = -0.69;
Field Evaluation Of Safety During Gestation And Horizontal Spread Of A Recombinant Differential Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) Vaccine
Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is recognized as a major cause of respiratory, reproductive disease and abortion in cattle. Vaccination is widely applied to minimize losses induced by BoHV-1 infections; however, vaccination of dams during pregnancy with modified live virus (MLV) vaccines has been occasionally associated to abortions. We have previously reported the development of a BoHV-1 recombinant virus, constructed with basis on a Brazilian BoHV-1 (Franco et al. 2002a) from which the gene coding for glycoprotein E (gE) was deleted (gE-) by genetic manipulation. Such recombinant has been previously evaluated in its potential as a differential vaccine (gE-vaccine) that allows differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals. Here, in the first part of the present study, the safety of the gE-vaccine during pregnancy was evaluated by the intramuscular inoculation of 107.4 tissue culture 50% infective doses (TCID50) of the virus into 22 pregnant dams (14 BoHV-1 seronegative; 8 seropositive), at different stages of gestation. Other 15 pregnant dams were kept as non-vaccinated controls. No abortions, stillbirths or fetal abnormalities were seen after vaccination. Seroconversion was observed in both groups of previously seronegative vaccinated animals. In the second part of the study, the potential of the gE-vaccine virus to spread among beef cattle under field conditions was examined. Four heifers were inoculated intranasally with a larger amount (107.6TCID50) of the gE-vaccine (to increase chances of transmission) and mixed with other sixteen animals at the same age and body condition, in the same grazing area, at a population density equal to the average cattle farming density within the region (one cattle head per 10,000 m2), for 180 days. All animals were monitored daily for clinical signs. Serum samples were collected on days 0, 30, 60 and 180 post-vaccination. Seroconversion was observed only in vaccinated heifers. These results indicate that, under the conditions of the present study, the gE-vaccine virus did not cause any noticeable harmful effect on pregnant dams and on its offspring and did not spread horizontally among cattle.2515458Belknap, E.B., Walters, L.M., Kelling, C., Ayers, V.K., Norris, J., McMillend, J., Hayhowe, C., Collins, J.K., Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a gE, gG and US2 gene-deleted bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) vaccine (1999) Vaccine, 17, pp. 2297-2305Bouma, A., De Jong, M.C.M., Kimman, T.G., Transmission of pseudorabies virus within pig populations is independent of the size of the population (1995) Prev. Vet. Med., 23, pp. 163-172Casal, J., Planasdemunt, L., Varo, J.A., Martín, M., The use of different vaccination schedules for sows to protect piglets against Aujeszky's disease (2004) Vet. Med. B, 51, pp. 8-11D'Arce, R.C.F., Almeida, R.S., Silva, T.C., Franco, A.C., Spilki, F., Roehe, P.M., Arns, C.W., Restriction endonuclease and monoclonal antibody characterization of Brazilian isolates of bovine herpesviruses types 1 and 5 (2002) Vet. Microbiol., 88, pp. 315-324Ellis, J.A., Hassard, L.E., Cortese, V.S., Morley, P.S., Effects of perinatal vaccination on humoral and cellular immune responses in dams and young calves (1996) J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 208, pp. 393-400Flores, E.F., Donis, R.O., Isolation of a mutant MDBK cell line resistant to bovine viral diarrhea virus infection due to a block in viral entry (1995) Virology, 208, pp. 565-575Flores, E.F., Osorio, F.A., Zanella, E.L., Kit, S., Kit, M., Efficacy of a deletion mutant bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) vaccine that allows serologic differentiation of vaccinated from naturally infected animals (1993) J. Vet. Diagn. Invest., 5, pp. 534-540Franco, A.C., Rijsewijk, F.A.M., Flores, E.F., Weiblen, R., Roehe, P.M., Construction and characterization of a glycoprotein E deletion of bovine herpesvirus type 1.2 strain isolated in Brazil (2002) Braz. J. Microbiol., 33, pp. 274-278Franco, A.C., Spilki, F.R., Esteves, P.A., Lima, M., Weiblen, R., Flores, E.F., Rijsewijk, F.A.M., Roehe, P.M., A Brazilian glycoprotein E-negative bovine herpesvirus type 1.2a (BHV-1.2a) mutant is attenuated for cattle and induces protection against wild-type virus challenge (2002) Pesq. Vet. Bras., 22, pp. 135-140Hage, J.J., Schukken, Y.H., Barkema, H.W., Benedictus, G., Rijsewijk, F.A.M., Wentink, G.H., Population dynamics of bovine herpesvirus infection a dairy herd (1996) Vet. Microbiol., 53, pp. 169-180Guy, J.S., Potgieter, L.N., Bovine herpesvirus-1 infection of cattle: Kinetics of antibody formation after intranasal exposure and abortion induced by the virus (1985) Am. J. Vet. Res., 46, pp. 893-898Kaashoek, M., (1995) Marker Vaccines Against Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Infections, 155p. , Ph.D. Thesis, Utrecht University, NetherlandsKleiboeker, S.B., Lee, S.M., Jones, C.A., Estes, D.M., Evaluation of shedding of bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, and bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 after vaccination of calves with a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine (2003) J. Am. Vet. Med Assoc., 222, pp. 1399-1403Lomba, F., Vascoboinic, E., Zygraich, N., Immunization of pregnant dams with a temperature-sensitive mutant of the IBR Virus (1976) 6th Int. Congr. Diseases of Cattle, pp. 395-399. , ParisMars, M.H., De Jong, M.C.M., Van Oirschot, J.T., A gE-negative BHV-1 vaccine virus strain cannot perpetuate in cattle populations (2000) Vaccine, 18, pp. 2120-2124McFelly, R.A., Merrit, A.M., Stearly, E.L., Abortion in a dairy herd vaccinated for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (1964) Vet. Path., 1, pp. 7-17Miller, J.M., Whetstone, C.A., Van Der Maaten, M.J., Abortfacient property of bovine herpesvirus type 1 isolates that represent three subtypes determined by restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA (1991) Am. J. Vet. Res., 52, pp. 458-461Miller, J.M., Whetstone, C.A., Bello, L.J., Lawrence, W.C., Whitbeck, J.C., Abortions in heifers inoculated with a thymidine kinase-negative recombinant of bovine herpesvirus 1 (1995) Am. J. Vet. Res., 56, pp. 870-874Mitchell, D., An outbreak of abortion in a dairy herd following inoculation with an intramuscular infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (1964) Can. Vet. J., 26, pp. 8-14Odde, K.G., Survival of the neonatal calf. Factors influencing colostral and calf serum immunoglobulin levels (1988) Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract., 4, pp. 501-508Pastoret, P.P., Babiuk, L.A., Misra, V., Griebel, P., Reactivation of temperature sensitive and non-temperature-sensitive infectious bovine rhinotracheitis vaccine virus with dexamethasone (1980) Infect. Immun., 29, pp. 483-488Roehe, P.M., (1991) Studies on the Comparative Virology of Pestiviruses, 361p. , Ph.D. thesis. University of Surrey, Guildford, UKSiebert, S., Auer, S., Heinem, E., Kretzdom, D., Strube, W., Marker vaccines - Opportunities for IBR control. Part I: BHV-1 infections - The problem (1995) Tierärztl. Umschau, 50, pp. 530-533Siebert, S., Auer, S., Heinem, E., Kretzdom, D., Strube, W., Marker vaccines - Opportunities for IBR control. Part II: Safety and efficacy of the gE-deleted Bayovac IBR marker vaccines (1995) Tierärztl. Umschau, 50, pp. 582-584Strube, W., Abar, B., Bergle, R.D., Safety aspects in the development of an infectious bovine rhinotracheitis marker vaccine. Non-target effects of live vaccines (1995) Dev. Biol. Stand., 84, pp. 75-81Turin, L., Russo, S., Poli, G., BHV-1: New molecular approaches to control a common and widespread infection (1999) Mol. Med., 5, pp. 261-284Van Drunen Littel-van Den Hurk, S., Parker, M.D., Massie, B., Van Den Hurk, J.V., Harland, R., Babiuk, L.A., Zamb, T.J., Protection of cattle from BHV-1 infection by immunization with recombinant glycoprotein gIV (1993) Vaccine, 11, pp. 25-35Van Engelenburg, F.A.C., Kaashoek, M.J., Van Oirschot, J.T., Rijsewijk, F.A.M., A glycoprotein E deletion mutant of bovine herpesvirus 1 infects the same limited number of tissues in calves as wild-type virus, but for a shorter period (1995) J. Gen. Virol., 76, pp. 2387-2392Wentink, G.H., Van Oirschot, J.T., Verhoeff, J., Risk of infection with bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1): A review (1993) Vet. Quarterly, 15, pp. 30-33Whetstone, C.A., Wheeler, J.G., Reed, D.E., Investigation of possible vaccine-induced epizootics of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, using restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA (1986) Am. J. Vet. Res., 47, pp. 1789-1795Zuckermann, F.A., Husmann, R.J., Schwartz, R., Brandt, J., Mateu De Antonio, E., Martin, S., Interleukin-12 enhances the virus-specific interferon gamma response of pigs to an inactivated pseudorabies virus vaccine (1998) Vet. Immunol. Immunopath., 63, pp. 57-6
Anomalous spectral weight in photoemission spectra of the hole doped Haldane chain Y2-xSrxBaNiO5
In this paper, we present photoemission experiments on the hole doped Haldane
chain compound . By using the photon energy dependence of
the photoemission cross section, we identified the symmetry of the first
ionisation states (d type). Hole doping in this system leads to a significant
increase in the spectral weight at the top of the valence band without any
change in the vicinity of the Fermi energy. This behavior, not observed in
other charge transfer oxides at low doping level, could result from the
inhomogeneous character of the doped system and from a Ni 3d-O 2p hybridization
enhancement due to the shortening of the relevant Ni-O distance in the
localized hole-doped regions.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
A microscopic model for a class of mixed-spin quantum antiferromagnets
We propose a microscopic model that describes the magnetic behavior of the
mixed-spin quantum systems RBaNiO (R= magnetic rare earth). An
evaluation of the properties of this model by Quantum Monte Carlo simulations
shows remarkable good agreement with the experimental data and provides new
insight into the physics of mixed-spin quantum magnets.Comment: revised version to be published in Phys. Rev.
Complex transitions to synchronization in delay-coupled networks of logistic maps
A network of delay-coupled logistic maps exhibits two different
synchronization regimes, depending on the distribution of the coupling delay
times. When the delays are homogeneous throughout the network, the network
synchronizes to a time-dependent state [Atay et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92,
144101 (2004)], which may be periodic or chaotic depending on the delay; when
the delays are sufficiently heterogeneous, the synchronization proceeds to a
steady-state, which is unstable for the uncoupled map [Masoller and Marti,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 134102 (2005)]. Here we characterize the transition from
time-dependent to steady-state synchronization as the width of the delay
distribution increases. We also compare the two transitions to synchronization
as the coupling strength increases. We use transition probabilities calculated
via symbolic analysis and ordinal patterns. We find that, as the coupling
strength increases, before the onset of steady-state synchronization the
network splits into two clusters which are in anti-phase relation with each
other. On the other hand, with increasing delay heterogeneity, no cluster
formation is seen at the onset of steady-state synchronization; however, a
rather complex unsynchronized state is detected, revealed by a diversity of
transition probabilities in the network nodes
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