Technology as a tool to understand sampling in binomial distributions

In this paper we describe some recurrent errors related to the work with sampling distributions, a topic which is compulsory in Spain for high school students. We additionally suggest how the sampling distribution for the mean and the range of samples taken from the binomial distribution, can be simulated using the software Fathom. Therefore, students can investigate these simulations with different values of the parameters for the binomial distribution and different sample sizes to understand properties of representativeness and variability of the sampling distribution and to discriminate the three types of distributions involved in sampling

Developing a Questionnaire to Assess Prior Knowledge of Basic Statistical Concepts in Students Following a Statistics Course as Part of an Engineering Degree At an Online University.

This study aims to build a questionnaire to assess initial statisticalcompetence in university students doing Engineering degrees at an online University (Degrees in Industrial Organization Engineering, Computer Engineering and Engineering of Telecommunications Technologies and Services). The Statistics Concept Inventory (SCI), a multiple-choice questionnaire which assesses understanding of basic statistical concepts, was used to design this questionnaire. Ten of the 38 questions which make up the questionnaire were chosen, those which fit the prior studies of the students and the content of the course to be studied. Applying this questionnaire will allow the prior knowledge of the students to be identified, in order to design didactic methods that will improve understanding of statistical concepts.2018-1

Análisis del consumo simultáneo de medicamentos y plantas medicinales en población española mayor de 65 años

Objetivos: Analizar el uso apropiado o inapropiado de la utilización conjunta de medicamentos y preparados de plantas medicinales que realiza la población mayor de 65 años en la provincia de Guadalajara (España). Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, realizado en Guadalajara (España) capital y provincia. La recogida de datos de los pacientes se efectuó durante los años 2012 y 2013. Siendo, por tanto, las variables dependientes usadas el porcentaje de consumo de Preparados de plantas medicinales y el porcentaje de consumo de medicamentos. La población diana fueron pacientes polimedicados mayores de 65 años, varones o mujeres, que residieran en sus casas o en Residencias de Ancianos y que voluntariamente decidieron participar en este trabajo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 384 pacientes, 129 fueron varones (33,60%). Consumieron plantas medicinales el 88,30%. Consumieron PCPM 183 (47,6%) y PIPM 339 que representó el 88,3%. Con consumo total de 852 infusiones al día, un promedio de 2,21 infusiones diarias. Se encontraron 22 asociaciones potencialmente peligrosas y 10 potencialmente beneficiosas. Conclusiones: Se ha puesto de manifiesto que ciertas asociaciones de planta-medicamento, pueden contribuir a mejorar la situación del paciente, pero también ha evidenciado la necesidad de una atención farmacéutica en el consumo de preparados de plantas medicinales en relación con la farmacoterapia que tiene prescrita, a fin de evitar combinaciones que pudieran reducir la eficacia de los tratamientos o incrementar el riesgo de otras alteraciones

Análisis del consumo simultáneo de medicamentos y plantas medicinales en población española mayor de 65 años

Objetivos: Analizar el uso apropiado o inapropiado de la utilización conjunta de medicamentos y preparados de plantas medicinales que realiza la población mayor de 65 años en la provincia de Guadalajara (España). Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, realizado en Guadalajara (España) capital y provincia. La recogida de datos de los pacientes se efectuó durante los años 2012 y 2013. Siendo, por tanto, las variables dependientes usadas el porcentaje de consumo de Preparados de plantas medicinales y el porcentaje de consumo de medicamentos. La población diana fueron pacientes polimedicados mayores de 65 años, varones o mujeres, que residieran en sus casas o en Residencias de Ancianos y que voluntariamente decidieron participar en este trabajo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 384 pacientes, 129 fueron varones (33,60%). Consumieron plantas medicinales el 88,30%. Consumieron PCPM 183 (47,6%) y PIPM 339 que representó el 88,3%. Con consumo total de 852 infusiones al día, un promedio de 2,21 infusiones diarias. Se encontraron 22 asociaciones potencialmente peligrosas y 10 potencialmente beneficiosas. Conclusiones: Se ha puesto de manifiesto que ciertas asociaciones de planta-medicamento, pueden contribuir a mejorar la situación del paciente, pero también ha evidenciado la necesidad de una atención farmacéutica en el consumo de preparados de plantas medicinales en relación con la farmacoterapia que tiene prescrita, a fin de evitar combinaciones que pudieran reducir la eficacia de los tratamientos o incrementar el riesgo de otras alteraciones

Spanish research on mathematics education

The writing of this text has been partly developed within several research projects: RTI2018-101153-B-C21 and RTI2018-101153-A-C22 (M. Bosch and B. Barquero); PID2019-105601GB-I00 (C. Batanero, M. M. Gea and J.D. Godino); ProID2021010018 (M. Camacho-Machín); EDU2016-75771-P and PID2020-113601GB-I00 (M. C. Cañadas and Enrique Castro); PGC2018-100758-B-I00 (J. M. Chamoso); RTI2018-096547-B-I00 (L. C. Contreras); EDU2017-84979-R (T. F. Blanco); 2021/FQM-226 and PPIIV.4/2021/005 (V. Martín-Molina); PID2020-116514GB-I00 (M. Moreno)

Concurrent use of prescription drugs and herbal medicinal products in older adults: A systematic review

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.The use of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) is common among older adults. However, little is known about concurrent use with prescription drugs as well as the potential interactions associated with such combinations. Objective Identify and evaluate the literature on concurrent prescription and HMPs use among older adults to assess prevalence, patterns, potential interactions and factors associated with this use. Methods Systematic searches in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, Web of Science and Cochrane from inception to May 2017 for studies reporting concurrent use of prescription medicines with HMPs in adults (≥65 years). Quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. The Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre) three stage approach to mixed method research was used to synthesise data. Results Twenty-two studies were included. A definition of HMPs or what was considered HMP was frequently missing. Prevalence of concurrent use by older adults varied widely between 5.3% and 88.3%. Prescription medicines most combined with HMPs were antihypertensive drugs, beta blockers, diuretics, antihyperlipidemic agents, anticoagulants, analgesics, antihistamines, antidiabetics, antidepressants and statins. The HMPs most frequently used were: ginkgo, garlic, ginseng, St John’s wort, Echinacea, saw palmetto, evening primrose oil and ginger. Potential risks of bleeding due to use of ginkgo, garlic or ginseng with aspirin or warfarin was the most reported herb-drug interaction. Some data suggests being female, a lower household income and less than high school education were associated with concurrent use. Conclusion Prevalence of concurrent prescription drugs and HMPs use among older adults is substantial and potential interactions have been reported. Knowledge of the extent and manner in which older adults combine prescription drugs will aid healthcare professionals can appropriately identify and manage patients at risk.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Determination of median in tabular and graphic context

Neste estudo, cujo objetivo é averiguar a influência do contexto dos dados na determinação da mediana, estudam-se as resoluções de 332 alunos portugueses do 8.º ano, a duas questões, uma com os dados organizados numa tabela de frequências e outra num gráfico de barras. Seguindo uma metodologia mista, quantitativa e qualitativa, realiza-se uma análise de frequências de quatro categorias ordinais de respostas (corretas, parcialmente corretas, incorretas e não respostas) e uma análise semiótica das resoluções aplicando o Enfoque Ontossemiótico do conhecimento e ensino da Matemática na identificação de objetos e processos matemáticos que intervêm nas resoluções. Em geral, os alunos revelaram maior propensão para não responderem à determinação da mediana em contexto gráfico, mas os que responderam tendem a determinar a mediana com menor dificuldade. Os conflitos semióticos identificados aparentam não estar dependentes da forma de apresentação dos dados, embora ocorra maior número de respostas não corretas no contexto tabelar do que no contexto gráficopublishe

Cobalt-based molecular electrocatalysis of nitrile reduction: evolving sustainability beyond hydrogen

Two new cobalt bis-iminopyridines, [Co(DDP)(H2O)2](NO3)2 (1, DDP = cis-[1,3-bis(2-pyridinylenamine)] cyclohexane) and [Co(cis-DDOP)(NO3)](NO3) (2, cis-DDOP = cis-3,5-bis[(2- Pyridinyleneamin]-trans-hydroxycyclohexane) electrocatalyse the 4-proton, 4-electron reduction of acetonitrile to ethylamine. For 1, this reduction occurs in preference to reduction of protons to H2. A coordinating hydroxyl proton relay in 2 reduces the yield of ethylamine and biases the catalytic system back towards H2