Development of aquatic skills in a child with visual and intellectual disability

El objetivo de este estudio de caso fue analizar el desarrollo de las habilidades acuáticas de un niño con deficiencia visual total e intelectual severa. Para esto, este niño, de siete años de edad, participó en un programa de actividades acuáticas, con atención individualizado, durante 12 sesiones. La matriz de evaluación de las habilidades acuáticas de Winnick (2010) fue utilizada como instrumento para recolectar datos. El análisis de los datos sucedió de forma descriptiva. El alumno presentó desempeño positivo en tres categorías: Entradas, salidas y orientación en el agua. Se destaca la comprensión de la entrada y de la salida por la rampa adaptada; el dominio en la realización del giro lateral y del zambullida frontal; y, la mejoría en las 14 habilidades de la categoría orientación en el agua. Las actividades acuáticas le permitieron al alumno superar sus dificultades dando un salto cualitativo en la ejecución de determinadas habilidadesThe purpose of this descriptive case study was to analyze the development of aquatic skills of a child with total visual and severe intellectual disability. Therefore, this child, seven years old, participates in a program of water activities, with individualized service for 12 sessions. The assessment matrix of aquatic skills, Winnick (2010), was used as a tool for data collection. The student showed positive performances in three categories: entering and coming out of the water and in the water orientation. The understanding of the entry is emphasized and exit through the adapted ramp; controlling the performance of lateral bearing and frontal diving; and, improvement on the 14 skills in the category of water orientation. The water activities allowed the student to overcome difficulties by making a qualitative improvement in the performance of certain skill

Shallow gas seismic structures: forms and distribution on Santa Catarina Island, Southern Brazil

Abstract This paper presents the spatial distribution of shallow gas structures and classifies them on the basis of two different data sets of CHIRP seismic records, one from the Conceição Lagoon (CL) and the other from North Bay (NB), both on Santa Catarina Island, Southern Brazil. Side scan sonar data from the CL were used to facilitate the understanding. The sub bottom (SB) seismic data were processed and interpreted by means of the SeisPrho software, the side scan sonar (SSS) data by SonarWiz5 software and the spatial extension being measured with the help of GIS. The shallow gas structures were defined in accordance with their shapes in the seismic recordings (echo-character). At the CL, shallow gas accumulations were found in the form of seepages and features presenting shallow gas structures between the surface and 8.20 ms (around 12.3 m). Accumulations of gas were found in the form of Acoustic Blanking with Acoustic Plume, and also Black Shadows. Pockmarks were found on the lagoon floor and associated with gas seepages (average size diameter 0.97 ± 0.19 m and density from 54 to 242 units per 50 m2). In the NB three types of shallow gas features were found in the seismic profile, namely Acoustic Blanking, Turbidity Pinnacles and Intra-sedimentary plumes. The depth varied from the surface to 12.10 ms (around 18.15 m). In both environments, the gas is escaping from the sediment into the water column. The Pockmarks in the CL and the Acoustic Plume features and sediment rich in total sulfur in the NB validate these findings

Synthesis of 2-arylbenzimidazoles under mild conditions catalyzed by a heteropolyacid-containing task-specific ionic liquid and catalyst investigation by electrospray (tandem) mass spectrometry

A task-specific ionic liquid constituted by a Bronsted acid (1-(3-sulfopropyl)-3-methyl-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate) as the cation, namely MSI, and by [PW12O40](3-) as the triply charged counter-anion, namely PW (a heteropolyacid derivative), was used as an efficient catalyst for the condensation reaction between aldehydes and o-phenylenediamines.A task-specific ionic liquid constituted by a Bronsted acid (1-(3-sulfopropyl)-3-methyl-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate) as the cation, namely MSI, and by [PW12O40]3− as the triply charged counter-anion, namely PW (a heteropolyacid derivative), was used as a5856941869422sem informaçãosem informaçã

Metals, n-Alkanes, Hopanes, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Sediments from Three Amazonian Streams Crossing Manaus (Brazil)

Pollution is increasing in the Amazon region and its real impact is still unclear. Since this region is of great interest to the global community, this study aimed to assess geochemical biomarkers and metals in sediments from three streams crossing Manaus, a Brazilian city of 2.1 million inhabitants located in the heart of the Amazon rainforest. The Mindu and Quarenta streams criss-cross the urban area of Manaus and receive domestic effluents from many heavily populated districts. In addition, the Quarenta stream is subjected to effluents from the industrial district of Manaus. The Tarumã-Açu stream is mostly covered by vegetation, although the region presents some occurrence of family farming, floating petrol station, marinas, and floating restaurants and bars. n-Alkanes were determined by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID), whereas hopanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The metals Ag, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) after microwave-assisted acid digestion. Concentrations of total PAHs and metals were higher in sediments from the urban streams Mindu and Quarenta because of the occurrence of more intense and diverse sources of pollution. In addition, some sediment samples from both these streams presented concentrations of fluoranthene, phenanthrene, and metals higher than the limits of low probability of adverse effects on biota established by the international guideline and by the Brazilian legislation. A similar total n-alkane concentration for sediments from all streams associated with profiles of n-alkanes with no odd/even hydrocarbon predominance suggests that biomass burning is an important source of hydrocarbons. Petroleum-derived products also represented a source for n-alkanes, as confirmed by the presence of α,β-hopanes, including an α,β-homohopane series from C31 to C35 with the presence of both 22S and 22R epimers. This is the first report on n-alkanes, PAHs, and hopanes in sediments from the Mindu, Quarenta, and Tarumã-Açu streams. The concentrations reported herein may be considered as baseline data in future monitoring programs of these streams

Amazonian Buriti oil: chemical characterization and antioxidant potential

Buriti oil is an example of an Amazonian palm oil of economic importance. The local population uses this oil for the prevention and treatment of different diseases; however, there are few studies in the literature that evaluate its properties. In this study, detailed chemical and antioxidant properties of Buriti oil were determined. The predominant fatty acid was oleic acid (65.6%) and the main triacylglycerol classes were tri-unsaturated (50.0%) and di-unsaturated-mono-saturated (39.3%) triacylglycerols. The positional distribution of the classes of fatty acids on the triacylglycerol backbone indicated a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid relationship similar in the three-triacylglycerol positions. All tocopherol isomers were present, with a total content of 2364.1 mg·kg⁻¹. α-tocopherol constitutes 48% of the total tocopherol content, followed by γ- tocopherol (45%). Total phenolic (107.0 mg gallic acid equivalent·g⁻¹ oil) and β-carotene (781.6 mg·kg⁻¹) were particularly high in this oil. The highest antioxidant activity against the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was obtained at an oil concentration of 50 mg·mL⁻¹ (73.15%). The antioxidant activity evaluated by the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) was 95.3 μmol Trolox equivalent·g⁻¹ oil. These results serve to present Buriti oil as an Amazonian resource for cosmetic, food and pharmaceuticals purposes.<br><br>El aceite de Buriti es un ejemplo de aceite de palma amazónica de gran importancia económica. La población local utiliza este aceite para la prevención y el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades; sin embargo, hay pocos estudios científicos que evalúen sus propiedades. En este estudio, se determinaron las propiedades antioxidantes del aceite de Buriti. El ácido graso predominante fue el oleico (65,6 %) y las principales clases de triglicéridos fueron tri-insaturadas (50,0 %) y Di-insaturados-mono-saturada (39,3 %). La distribución posicional de las clases de ácidos grasos en el esqueleto de triacilglicerol indicó una relación de ácidos grasos saturados e insaturados similar en las tres posiciones del triacilglicerol. Todas las isoformas de tocoferol estaban presentes, con un contenido total de 2364.1 mg·kg⁻¹. El α-tocoferol constituye el 48 % del contenido total de tocoferol, seguido de γ-tocoferol (45 %). El contenido fenólico total (107,0 mg equivalente ácido gálico·g⁻¹ de aceite) y β-caroteno (781,6 mg·kg⁻¹) fueron particularmente altos en este aceite. La mayor actividad antioxidante contra el radical 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil libre (DPPH) se obtuvo a una concentración de aceite de 50 mg·mL⁻¹ (73,15 %). La actividad antioxidante evaluadas por la capacidad de absorción de radicales de oxígeno (ORAC) fue 95,3 mmol Trolox equivalente·g⁻¹ de aceite. Estos resultados presentan al aceite de Buriti amazónico como buen recurso con fines cosmético, alimenticio y farmacéutico