THE EFFICACY OF DHANYA PANCHAK KWATHA IN ACUTE DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN

Diarrhea is the major health problem in developing countries. It kills more than 1 million children annually. According to Ayurveda due to intake of Aama producing Nidana, Vata gets vitiated because of malfunctioning of Samana- apana vata leading to Jatharagni mandya and Shunyata of Koshtha (mal absorption in large intestine) causes the increase in Dravata of stool in Pakvashya and result in Atisara. so Aama and Vata are the major factor in etiopathogenesis of diarrhea. So Deepan and Pachan medicines are required to break the Samprapti of Atishara. in addition to above Grahi dravyas are also indicted to maintain the consistency of stool. As per above principle Dhanya panchak kwatha in group A and Balachaturabhadra in group B was selected to study. Balchaturbhadra churna has been indicated by Bhaishajyaratnavali in Balatisara Chikitsa. 60 children aged 2 to 10 years were selected in 2 groups. Group A children were treated with Dhanyapanchak kwatha and group B children were treated with Balachaturbhadra churna with lukewarm water for 7 days in dose of 300 mg per kg and 100 mg per kg respectively. Frequency of stools, thirst, skin pinch and consistency of stools were the main criteria to assess the result of medicines.Though the results were observed significant in both Groups in all parameters but the Dhanya Panchak Kwatha proved superior in reducing frequency of stool and improvement in stool consistency. Whereas Comparatively better results observed in thirst and skin turgor. Study proves the significance of Grahi dravya and Intake of lukewarm water in Atisara

Development of cell culture from caudal fin and heart of Tor tor (Hamilton-Buchanan)

Tor mahseer (Tor tor), possess high commercial and recreational value as they are potential game as well as food fish of India. Two cell culture systems were developed from fin and heart of T. tor (Hamilton-Buchanan). The explants excised aseptically from fingerling of T. tor were cultured in Leibovitz-15 (L-15) medium with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Radiation of cells started after 72 hours and 48 hours of explant attachment from caudal fin and heart respectively. Confluent monolayer of cells with heterogeneous morphology around fin explants was observed after 7-10 days, where as a homogenous confluent layer of fibroblastic cells from heart explant was observed after 12-13 days. The establishment of cell culture systems from different organs and tissues of commercial important species would facilitates in vitro research

Biodeterioramento e conservazione chimica del tempio Bhimkichak, Malhar, Chhatisgarh, India

Stone cultural heritage materials are at risk of bio-deterioration caused by diverse populations of microorganisms living in biofilms. The microbial metabolites of these biofilms are responsible for the deterioration of the underlying substratum and may lead to physical weakening and discoloration of stone [1,18]. Fungal ability in producing pigments and organic acids have a crucial role in the discoloration and degradation of different types of stone in cultural heritage objects. Additionally, stone objects may support the communities of microorganisms that are active in the biodeterioration process. This investigation focuses on the mycological analyses of microbial biofilm from the Bhimkichak temple, in Malhar of Bilaspur District of Chhattisgarh state which is made of sandstone, and is heavily colonized by fungi. Eight fungal species on the sandstone were isolated. Aspergillus sp. was observed, a common species in the stone structure of this monument . The identified micro fungi cause discoloration as well as mechanical exfoliation of the building stone material which was analyzed through mechanical hyphae penetration and production of dark pigments and organic acids.RiassuntoI materiali lapidei appartenenti ai beni culturali sono a rischio di biodeterioramento a causa della proliferazione dei microrganismi che entrano nella composizione dei biofilm. I metaboliti microbici di questi biofilm sono responsabili del degrado del substrato sottostante e possono portare a un indebolimento fisico e alterazione cromatica della superficie lapidea [1,18]. La capacità dei funghi di produrre pigmenti e acidi organici ha un ruolo fondamentale nel degrado di differenti tipi di pietra costituenti beni culturali. Inoltre, i materiali lapidei possono sostentare le comunità microbiche che sono attive nei processi di biodeterioramento fornendo dei composti che possono essere metabolizzati. Questo lavoro si focalizza sull’analisi micologica del biofilm microbico proveniente dal tempio Bhimkichak a Malhar, nel distretto Bilaspur dello stato di Chhattinsgarh, che è stato costruito in arenaria ed è estesamente colonizzato da funghi. Inquesto lavoro, sono state isolate otto specie fungine appartenenti ad Aspergillus sp. I micro-funghi identificati provocano decolorazione ed esfoliazione meccanica del materiale lapideo, a causa della penetrazione meccanica delle ife e della produzione di pigmenti scuri e acidi organici.Résumé Les matériaux pierreux appartenant aux biens culturels sont à risque de bio-détérioration à cause de la prolifération des micro-organismes qui entrent dans la composition des bio-films. Les métabolites microbiens de ces bio-films sont responsables de la dégradation du substrat sous-jacent et peuvent amener à un affaiblissement physique et à une altération chromatique de la surface pierreuse [1,18]. La capacité des champignons de produire des pigments et des acides organiques a un rôle fondamental dans la dégradation de différents types de pierre constituant les biens culturels. En outre, les matériaux pierreux peuvent sustenter les communautés microbiennes qui sont actives dans les processus de bio-détérioration fournissant des composés qui peuvent être métabolisés. Ce travail se focalise sur l’analyse mycologique du bio-film microbien provenant du temple Bhimkichak à Malhar, dans le district Bilaspur de l’état de Chhattinsgarh, qui a été construit en grès et est amplement colonisé par des champignons. Dans ce travail, ont été isolées huit espèces fongiques appartenant à Aspergillus sp. Les micro-champignons identifiés provoquent la décoloration et l’exfoliation mécanique du matériau pierreux, à cause de la pénétration mécanique des hyphes et de la production de pigments sombres et d’acides organiques.ZusammenfassungZu den Kulturgütern zählende Steinmaterialien unterliegen aufgrund der Proliferation der in die Zusammenstellung der Biofilme eintretenden Mikroorganismen einer Verwitterungsgefahr. Die mikrobischen Metabolite dieser Biofilme sind für den Verfall des darunter liegenden Substrats verantwortlich und können eine physische Schwächung sowie eine farbliche Änderung der Steinfläche bewirken. [1,18]. Die Fähigkeit von Pilzen, Pigmente und organische Säuren zu produzieren, spielt im Rahmen der Verwitterung der unterschiedlichen, das Denkmal bildenden Steinarten eine grundlegende Rolle. Darüber hinaus können Steinmaterialien in die Verwitterungsprozesse aktiv eingebundene Mikrobengemeinschaften erhalten, da sie umwandelbare Verbindungen liefern. Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf eine im Tempel Bhimkichak in Malhar, im Bezirk Bilaspur des Staats Chhattinsgarh durchgeführte mykologische Analyse des mikrobischen Biofilms, im Rahmen derer die Sandsteinkonstruktion eine extreme Pilzbesiedelung aufwies. Im Verlauf dieser Tätigkeit wurden acht, dem Aspergillus sp. angehörige Pilzsorten isoliert. Die identifizierten Mikropilze verursachen durch die mechanische Penetration der Hyphen und die Produktion dunkler Pigmente sowie organischer Säuren einen Farb- verlust und die mechanische Abblätterung des Steinmaterials.ResumenLos materiales lapídeos que constituyen los bienes culturales están a riesgo de biodeterioro a causa de la proliferación de los microorganismos que entran en la composición de las biopelículas. Los metabolitos microbianos de estas biopelículas son responsables de la degradación del substrato subyacente y pueden causar una debilitación y alteración cromática de la superficie lapídea [1,18]. La capacidad de los hongos de producir pigmentos y ácidos orgánicos desempeña un papel fundamental en la degradación de diferentes tipos de piedra que constituyen los bienes culturales. Además, los materiales lapídeos pueden sustentar las comunidades microbianas activas en los procesos de biodeterioro proporcionando compuestos que se pueden metabolizar. Este artículo se centra en el análisis micológica de una biopelícula micróbica procedente del templo Bhimkichak en Malhar, en el distrito Bilaspur del Estado de Chhattinsgarh, construido en arenisca y ampliamente colonizado por hongos. En este trabajo, se han aislado ocho especies fungíneas que pertenecen a Aspergillus sp. Los micro-hongos identificados provocan la decoloración y exfoliación mecánica del material lapídeo, debido a la penetración mecánica de las hifas y a la producción de pigmentos oscuros y ácidos orgánicos.Резюме Каменный материал, являющий культурным достоянием, находится в состоянии биораспада по причине роста микроорганизмов, которые входят в составбиопленки. Микробные метаболиты этих биопленок виновны в ухудшении основного субстрата и могут привести к физическому ослаблению и изменению цвета каменной поверхности [1,18]. Способность грибов производить пигменты и органические кислоты играет очень важную роль в распаде различных видов камней, принадлежащих культурному наследию. Кроме этого, каменные материалы могут поддерживать микробные сообщества, активизирующиеся в процессах биоразложения, предоставляя компосты, которые могут быть метаболизированы. Данная работа сосредоточена на микологическом анализе микробной биопленки, взятой из храма Бхимкичак в Малхаре (район Биласпур, штат Чхаттинсгарх), который выстроен из песчаника и значительно покрыт грибами. В данной работе выделяются восемь видов грибов, относящихся к Aspergillus sp. Идентифицированные микрогрибы вызывают обесцвечивание и механическое отшелушивание каменного материала по причине механического проникновения гиф и выработке темных пигментов и органических кислот. Ամփոփում Մշակութային ժառանգության պատկանող քարե նյութերը բիոքայքայման ռիսկի են ենթարկվում շնորհիվ միկրոօրգանիզմների տարածմանը բիոֆիլմի կազմի մեջ: Այս բիոֆիլմերի մանրէաբանական նյութափոխանակիչները պատասխանատու են քարի մաշվելուն և կարող են հանգեցնել քարի մակերեսի ֆիզիկական թուլացման և գունաթափման [1,18]: Սնկերի ունակությունը արտադրել պիգմենտներ և օրգանական թթուներ մեծ ազդեցություն ունի տարբեր տիպի պատմական քարերի վրա: Ավելին, քարե նյութերը կարող են պահպանել մանրէաբանական խմբերը, որոնք ակտիվորեն նպաստում են քայքայմանը, տրամադրելով միացություններ, որ կարող են փոխակերպվել: Այս աշխատանքը նկարագրում է բիոֆիլմի միկոլոգիական մանրէաբանական վերլուծությանը Bhimkichak Malhar տաճարում, Chhattinsgarh պետության Bilaspur շրջանի, որը կառուցվել է ավազաքարով և լայնորեն բնակված է սունկերով: Այս աշխատանքում մեկուսացած են ութ տեսակի սունկեր որ պատկանում են Aspergillus Sp. տեսակին: Այս միկրո–սունկերը գունաթափում և մեխանիկական քայքայման են ենթարկում քարե նյութերը, որովհետև մեխանիկորեն մտնում էն քարի մեջ և արտադրում են մուգ գույնի պիգմենտներ և օրգանական թթուներ:

POTENTIAL USE OF GRAFT COPOLYMERS OF MERCERIZED FLAX AS FILLER IN POLYSTYRENE COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Graft copolymerization of binary vinyl monomers onto mercerized flax fiber was carried out for the enhancement of mechanical properties of polystyrene composites. Binary vinyl monomer mixture of AA+AN has been found to show maximum grafting (33.55%) onto mercerized flax. Graft copolymers thus synthesized were characterized with FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, and TGA techniques. Mercerized flax (MF) showed maximum thermal stability in comparison to graft copolymers. It has been found that polystyrene composites reinforced with graft copolymers showed improvement in mechanical properties such as wear resistance, compressive strength, and tensile strength

Nonlinear Stability in the Generalised Photogravitational Restricted Three Body Problem with Poynting-Robertson Drag

The Nonlinear stability of triangular equilibrium points has been discussed in the generalised photogravitational restricted three body problem with Poynting-Robertson drag. The problem is generalised in the sense that smaller primary is supposed to be an oblate spheroid. The bigger primary is considered as radiating. We have performed first and second order normalization of the Hamiltonian of the problem. We have applied KAM theorem to examine the condition of non-linear stability. We have found three critical mass ratios. Finally we conclude that triangular points are stable in the nonlinear sense except three critical mass ratios at which KAM theorem fails.Comment: Including Poynting-Robertson Drag the triangular equilibrium points are stable in the nonlinear sense except three critical mass ratios at which KAM theorem fail

How many locations do we need per day to reliably describe the habitat use of translocated rhinos in Manas NP?

The Indian Rhino Vision (IRV) 2020 program was designed in 2005 in Assam for maintaining existing rhino populations and to re-introduce rhinos in the earlier distribution ranges of Assam. The programme was launched on 12th April 2008. The government of Assam with donor support translocated two male rhinos from the Pobitora WLS to the Buraburijhar area under Basbari range in Manas National Park. As a follow up to these translocations to understand the adaptation of the rhinos, it was important to assess the monitoring frequencies, habitat use and distribution pattern of rhinos in the new habitat. Monitoring was primarily based on radio-telemetry techniques and direct observation. The monitoring team maintains a vigil on the released rhinos all round the day and the observations were systematically recorded three times a day. During this exercise it was found that the rhinos prefer to use grasslands, swamps and marshy areas (beels and rivulet). Key Words: Indian Rhino Vision (IRV) 2020, Radio-Telemetry, Translocatio

Non-linear stability in photogravitational non-planar restricted three body problem with oblate smaller primary

We have discussed non-linear stability in photogravitational non-planar restricted three body problem with oblate smaller primary. By photogravitational we mean that both primaries are radiating. We normalised the Hamiltonian using Lie transform as in Coppola and Rand (1989). We transformed the system into Birkhoff's normal form. Lie transforms reduce the system to an equivalent simpler system which is immediately solvable. Applying Arnold's theorem, we have found non-linear stability criteria. We conclude that $L_6$ is stable. We plotted graphs for $(\omega_1, D_2).$ They are rectangular hyperbola.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc

SIZE study: study protocol of a multicentre, randomised controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of an interarcuair decompression versus extended decompression in patients with intermittent neurogenic claudication caused by lumbar spinal stenosis

Introduction Intermittent neurogenic claudication (INC) is often caused by lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Laminectomy is considered a frequently used surgical technique for LSS. Previous studies have shown that laminectomy can potentially cause lumbar instability. Less invasive techniques, preserving midline structures including the bilateral small size interarcuair decompression, are currently applied. Due to lack of evidence and consensus, surgeons have to rely on their training and own experiences to choose the best surgical techniques for their patients. Hence, an observer and patient blinded multicentre, randomised controlled trial was designed to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of bilateral interarcuair decompression versus laminectomy for LSS. Methods and analysis 174 patients above 40 years with at least 12 weeks of INC will be recruited. Patients are eligible for inclusion if they have a clinical indication for surgery for INC with an MRI showing signs of LSS. Patients will be randomised to laminectomy or bilateral interarcuair decompression. The primary outcome is functional status measured with the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire at 12 months. Secondary outcomes consist of pain intensity, self-perceived recovery, functional status measured with the Oswestry Disability Index and a physical examination. Outcome measurement moments will be scheduled at 3 and 6 weeks, and at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 months after surgery. Physical examination will be performed at 6 weeks, and 12, 24 and 48 months. An economic evaluation will be performed and questionnaires will be used to collect cost data. Ethics and dissemination The Medical Ethical Committee of the Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam approved this study (NL.65826.078.18). The results will be published in an international peer-reviewed journal

Nivolumab Alone and With Ipilimumab in Previously Treated Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: CheckMate 032 Nivolumab 1 mg/kg Plus Ipilimumab 3 mg/kg Expansion Cohort Results

PURPOSE CheckMate 032 is an open-label, multicohort study that includes patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) treated with nivolumab 3 mg/kg monotherapy every 2 weeks (NIVO3), nivolumab 3 mg/kg plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg every 3 weeks for four doses followed by nivolumab monotherapy 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks (NIVO3+IPI1), or nivolumab 1 mg/kg plus ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks for four doses followed by nivolumab monotherapy 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks (NIVO1+IPI3). We report on the expanded NIVO1+IPI3 cohort and extended follow-up for the NIVO3 and NIVO3+IPI1 cohorts. METHODS Patients with platinum-pretreated mUC were enrolled in this phase I/II multicenter study to receive NIVO3, NIVO3+IPI1, or NIVO1+IPI3 until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary end point was investigator-assessed objective response rate per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, including duration of response. RESULTS Seventy-eight patients were treated with NIVO3 (minimum follow-up, 37.7 months), 104 with NIVO3+IPI1 (minimum follow-up, 38.8 months), and 92 with NIVO1+IPI3 (minimum follow-up, 7.9 months). Objective response rate was 25.6%, 26.9%, and 38.0% in the NIVO3, NIVO3+IPI1, and NIVO1+IPI3 arms, respectively. Median duration of response was more than 22 months in all arms. Grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 21 (26.9%), 32 (30.8%), and 36 (39.1%) patients treated with NIVO3, NIVO3+IPI1, and NIVO1+IPI3, respectively. Grade 5 treatment-related pneumonitis occurred in one patient each in the NIVO3 and NIVO3+IPI1 arms. CONCLUSION With longer follow-up, NIVO3 demonstrated sustained antitumor activity alone and in combination with ipilimumab. NIVO1+IPI3 provided the greatest antitumor activity of all regimens, with a manageable safety profile. This result not only supports additional study of NIVO1+IPI3 in mUC, but demonstrates the potential benefit of immunotherapy combinations in this disease