380 research outputs found
Die Akzeptanz des Öko-Prüfzeichens aus Sicht der Nutzer und ausgewählter Nicht-Nutzer. Eine Situationsanalyse
Inhalt:
Einleitung
I: Überprüfung der Akzeptanz des ÖPZs aus Sicht ausgewählter Nicht-Nutzer - mündliche Befragung
- A: Untersuchungsgegenstände und Vorgehensweise
- B: Ergebnisse
II: Überprüfung der Akzeptanz des ÖPZs aus Sicht ausgewählter Nicht-Nutzer - schriftliche Befragung
- A: Untersuchungsgegenstand und Vorgehensweise
- B: Ergebnisse
III: Überprüfung der Akzeptanz des ÖPZs aus Sicht momentaner Lizenznehmer
- A: Untersuchungsgegenstand und Vorgehensweise
- B: Ergebnisse
IV: Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse
V: Schlußfolgerungen
VI: Literatur und Quellenverzeichnis
VII: Anhan
Comparative analysis of the impacts of marketing instruments on the organic market in Austria, the United Kingdom and Germany
Conclusions:
This paper provides a comparative analysis of the impacts of the marketing instruments: The price-level can be identified as an important factor for further development. To promote sustained consumer demand, the premium price-level should be closer to the conventional price, although consumers are willing to pay some premium. Organic produce is associated with healthy food, which may appeal to consumers interested in healthy nutrition. Nevertheless, producers, processors and retailers of organic food should bear in mind general trends in food consumption and create organic food with lifestyle-oriented design. In future, supermarkets will become the main retail outlets for organic produce. In order to compete with larger, mainstream retailers, outlets like organic food shops or direct marketing channels should concentrate on offering special and added values e.g. by offering locally/regionally produced food or by creating an environment which provides the consumer with a unique shopping experience. Promotion activities are extremely important in influencing consumer behaviour, therefore all those involved should invest in further promotion activities.
(ZENNER, S., FOSTER, C., PADEL, S. und B. WIRTHGEN (2000): Comparative analysis of the impacts of marketing instruments on the organic market in Austria, the United Kingdom and Germany. In: ALFLÖDI, Th., LOCKERETZ, W. und U. NIGLI: Proceedings 13th International IFOAM Scientific Conference. Zürich, S. 523
Oxygen superstructures throughout the phase diagram of
Short-range lattice superstructures have been studied with high-energy x-ray
diffuse scattering in underdoped, optimally doped, and overdoped . A new four-unit-cell superstructure was observed in
compounds with . Its temperature, doping, and material dependence
was used to attribute its origin to short-range oxygen vacancy ordering, rather
than electronic instabilities in the layers. No significant diffuse
scattering is observed in YBaCuO. The oxygen superstructures must
be taken into account when interpreting spectral anomalies in
VLBA Continuum and H I Absorption Observations of the Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxy IRAS 17208-0014
We present phase-referenced VLBI observations of the radio continuum emission
from, and the neutral hydrogen 21 cm absorption toward, the Ultra-Luminous
Infrared Galaxy IRAS 17208-0014. The observations were carried out at 1362 MHz
using the Very Long Baseline Array, including the phased Very Large Array as an
element. The high-resolution radio continuum images reveal a nuclear starburst
region in this galaxy, which is composed of diffuse emission approximately 670
x 340 pc on the plane of the sky, and a number of compact sources. These
sources are most likely to be clustered supernova remnants and/or luminous
radio supernovae. Their brightness temperatures range over (2.2-6.6) x 10^{5}
K, with radio spectral luminosities between (1-10) x 10^{21} W Hz^{-1}. The
total VLBI flux density of the starburst region is ~52 mJy, which is about 50%
of the total flux density detected with the VLA at arcsecond resolution. For
this galaxy, we derive a massive star formation rate of ~84pm13 M{_\odot}
yr^{-1}, and a supernova rate of ~4pm1 yr^{-1}. H I absorption is detected in
multiple components with optical depths ranging between 0.3 and 2.5, and
velocity widths between 58 and 232 km s^{-1}. The derived column densities,
assuming T_{s}=100 K, range over (10-26) x 10^{21} cm^{-2}. The H I absorption
shows a strong velocity gradient of 453 km s^{-1} across 0.36 arcsec (274 pc).
Assuming Keplerian motion, the enclosed dynamical mass is about 2.3 x 10^9
sin^{-2}i M{_\odot}, comparable to the enclosed dynamical mass estimated from
CO observations.Comment: 26 pages total, 6 figures. ApJ accepted. To appear in the April 1,
2003 issue of ApJ. For a version with better images, see
http://www.aoc.nrao.edu/~emomjian/IRAS.p
The Compact Nucleus of the Deep Silicate Absorption Galaxy NGC 4418
High resolution, Hubble Space Telescope (HST) near-infrared and Keck
mid-infrared images of the heavily extinguished, infrared luminous galaxy NGC
4418 are presented. These data make it possible to observe the imbedded
near-infrared structure on scales of 10-20 pc, and to constrain the size of the
mid-infrared emitting region. The 1.1-2.2 um data of NGC 4418 show no clear
evidence of nuclear star clusters or of a reddened active galactic nucleus.
Instead, the nucleus of the galaxy consists of a ~100-200 pc linear structure
with fainter structures extending radially outward. The near-infrared colors of
the linear feature are consistent with a 10-300 Myr starburst suffering
moderate levels (few magnitudes) of visual extinction. At 7.9-24.5 um, NGC 4418
has estimated size upper limits in the range of 30-80 pc. These dimensions are
consistent with the highest resolution radio observations obtained to date of
NGC 4418, as well as the size of 50-70 pc expected for a blackbody with a
temperature derived from the 25 um, 60 um, and 100 um flux densities of the
galaxy. Further, a spectral energy distribution constructed from the
multi-wavelength mid-infrared observations show the strong silicate absorption
feature at 10 um, consistent with previous mid-infrared observations of NGC
4418. An infrared surface brightness of 2.1x10^13 L_sun kpc^-2 is derived for
NGC 4418. Such a value, though consistent with the surface brightness of warm
ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIGs: L_IR [8-1000 um] >~ 10^12 L_sun) such
as IRAS 05189-2524 and IRAS 08572+3915, is not large enough to distinguish NGC
4418 as a galaxy powered by an Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN), as opposed to a
lower surface brightness starburst.Comment: LaTex, 7 pages, including 2 jpg figures and 3 postscript figures, AJ,
in press (May, 2003
Recommended from our members
Adaptive and mobile ground sensor array.
The goal of this LDRD was to demonstrate the use of robotic vehicles for deploying and autonomously reconfiguring seismic and acoustic sensor arrays with high (centimeter) accuracy to obtain enhancement of our capability to locate and characterize remote targets. The capability to accurately place sensors and then retrieve and reconfigure them allows sensors to be placed in phased arrays in an initial monitoring configuration and then to be reconfigured in an array tuned to the specific frequencies and directions of the selected target. This report reviews the findings and accomplishments achieved during this three-year project. This project successfully demonstrated autonomous deployment and retrieval of a payload package with an accuracy of a few centimeters using differential global positioning system (GPS) signals. It developed an autonomous, multisensor, temporally aligned, radio-frequency communication and signal processing capability, and an array optimization algorithm, which was implemented on a digital signal processor (DSP). Additionally, the project converted the existing single-threaded, monolithic robotic vehicle control code into a multi-threaded, modular control architecture that enhances the reuse of control code in future projects
Majorana Neutrinos and Gravitational Oscillation
We analyze the possibility of encountering resonant transitions of high
energy Majorana neutrinos produced in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). We consider
gravitational, electromagnetic and matter effects and show that the latter are
ignorable. Resonant oscillations due to the gravitational interactions are
shown to occur at energies in the PeV range for magnetic moments in the
range. Coherent precession will dominate for larger magnetic
moments. The alllowed regions for gravitational resonant transitions are
obtained.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, Latex; requires revtex and epsf.tex submitted to
Physical Review
Constraining interactions mediated by axion-like particles with ultracold neutrons
We report a new limit on a possible short range spin-dependent interaction
from the precise measurement of the ratio of Larmor precession frequencies of
stored ultracold neutrons and Hg atoms confined in the same volume. The
measurement was performed in a 1 T vertical magnetic holding field
with the apparatus searching for a permanent electric dipole moment of the
neutron at the Paul Scherrer Institute. A possible coupling between freely
precessing polarized neutron spins and unpolarized nucleons of the wall
material can be investigated by searching for a tiny change of the precession
frequencies of neutron and mercury spins. Such a frequency change can be
interpreted as a consequence of a short range spin-dependent interaction that
could possibly be mediated by axions or axion-like particles. The interaction
strength is proportional to the CP violating product of scalar and pseudoscalar
coupling constants . Our result confirms limits from complementary
experiments with spin-polarized nuclei in a model-independent way. Limits from
other neutron experiments are improved by up to two orders of magnitude in the
interaction range of m
Testing isotropy of the universe using the Ramsey resonance technique on ultracold neutron spins
Physics at the Planck scale could be revealed by looking for tiny violations
of fundamental symmetries in low energy experiments. In 2008, a sensitive test
of the isotropy of the Universe using has been performed with stored ultracold
neutrons (UCN), this is the first clock-comparison experiment performed with
free neutrons. During several days we monitored the Larmor frequency of neutron
spins in a weak magnetic field using the Ramsey resonance technique. An
non-zero cosmic axial field, violating rotational symmetry, would induce a
daily variation of the precession frequency. Our null result constitutes one of
the most stringent tests of Lorentz invariance to date.Comment: proceedings of the PNCMI2010 conferenc
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