Reciclagem de nitrogênio em pastagem consorciada de Calopogonium mucunoides com Brachiaria decumbens.

O trabalho estuda a reciclagem de nitrogênio (N) de Calopogonium mucunoides associado com Brachiaria decumbens, sob pastejo continuo, com lotação de 2,5 U.A/ha. As avaliações foram efetuadas através da medida de crescimento da matéria seca (MS) da gramínea e da leguminosa e da quantidade de N em Kg/ha, mobilizada pelo crescimento para a biomassa das plantas da pastagem. Efetuaram-se avaliações do N total e N assimilável (amônia + nitrato) no perfil do solo, a profundidade de 0 a 250 cm, bem como do desempenho do Rhizobium associado a leguminosa. Pode-se determinar que, a consorciação, o crescimento da gramínea, que mobilizou do solo para a vegetação 105,47 kg de N/ha, foi acrescido de mais 81,37 kg de N/ha por ano, mobilizado pelo crescimento da leguminosa.Na pastagem de gramínea pura, o N mobilizado do solo foi de 123,10 kg de N/ha. e uma diferença significativa (P<0,05) de 63,84 kg de N/ha por ano foi adicionada ao sistema da pastagem, sendo atribuída em sua maior parte a fixação simbiótica, realizada pelo Calopogonium mucunoides. O N reciclado resultou um aumento significativo (P<0,05) na oferta de N e proteína bruta na forragem disponível do pasto consociado, ao longo do ano. A leguminosa foi responsável também por um aumento significativo (P<0,05) da percentagem de N total na camada superficial do solo e aumentou significativamente (P<0,05) o conteúdo de N assimilável no perfil. Os estudos realizados em casa de vegetação, com Rhizobium isolado de plantas da pastagem, indicaram que a estirpe associada...bitstream/item/104558/1/Reciclagem-de-nitrogenio-em-pastagem.pd

Nitrogen Dynamics from Decomposing Litter of \u3ci\u3ePanicum maximum\u3c/i\u3e with Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Content in Brazilian Alfissol

The objective of this study was to measure the dynamics (immobilization and release) of N and to evaluate the effect of the initial chemical composition of four Panicum maximum cultivars grown in a Alfisol and fertilized with different levels of nitrogen (0, 80 e 160 kg ha-1 de N) and phosphorus (0 e 200 kg ha-1), on the release of the N from the litter using the litterbags technique. There was an increase in the litter initial concentration of N with time of decomposition. The Aruana and Vencedor cultivars released about 70 and 60% of N; respectively, during the decomposition of the litter from 0 (zero) to 336 days; the Tobiatã and Tanzânia cultivars released about 30 and \u3e30% of N from the concentration of the initial litter respectively. Nitrogen fertization increased the N release, up to 20% in the highest N level tested (160 kg ha-1 of N)

The environment effect on operation of in-vessel mirrors for plasma diagnostics in fusion devices

First mirrors will be the plasma facing components of optical diagnostic systems in ITER. Mirror surfaces will undergo modification caused by erosion and re-deposition processes [1,2]. As a consequence, the mirror performance may be changed and may deteriorate [3,4]. In the divertor region it may also be obscured by deposition [5-7]. The limited access to in-vessel components of ITER calls for testing the mirror materials in present day devices in order to gather information on the material damage and degradation of the mirror performance, i.e. reflectivity. A dedicated experimental programme, First Mirror Test (FMT), has been initiated at the JET tokamak within the framework Tritium Retention Studies (TRS).Comment: 12th International Congress on Plasma Physics, 25-29 October 2004, Nice (France).Submitted by B. Schunke on behalf of V. Voytseny

Cyclic dinucleotides bind the C-linker of HCN4 to control channel cAMP responsiveness

cAMP mediates autonomic regulation of heart rate by means of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, which underlie the pacemaker current If. cAMP binding to the C-terminal cyclic nucleotide binding domain enhances HCN open probability through a conformational change that reaches the pore via the C-linker. Using structural and functional analysis, we identified a binding pocket in the C-linker of HCN4. Cyclic dinucleotides, an emerging class of second messengers in mammals, bind the C-linker pocket (CLP) and antagonize cAMP regulation of the channel. Accordingly, cyclic dinucleotides prevent cAMP regulation of If in sinoatrial node myocytes, reducing heart rate by 30%. Occupancy of the CLP hence constitutes an efficient mechanism to hinder β-adrenergic stimulation on If. Our results highlight the regulative role of the C-linker and identify a potential drug target in HCN4. Furthermore, these data extend the signaling scope of cyclic dinucleotides in mammals beyond their first reported role in innate immune system

Bulk ion heating with ICRH in JET DT plasmas

Reactor relevant ICRH scenarios have been assessed during DT experiments on the JET tokamak using H mode divertor discharges with ITER-like shapes and safety factors. Deuterium minority heating in tritium plasmas was demonstrated for the first time. For 9% deuterium, an ICRH power of 6 MW gave 1.66 MW of fusion power from reactions between suprathermal deuterons and thermal tritons. The Q value of the steady state discharge reached 0.22 for the length of the RF flat-top (2.7 s), corresponding to three plasma energy replacement times. The Doppler broadened neutron spectrum showed a deuteron energy of 125 keV, which was optimum for fusion and close to the critical energy. Thus, strong bulk ion heating was obtained at the same time as high fusion efficiency. Deuterium fractions around 20% produced the strongest ion heating together with a strong reduction of the suprathermal deuteron tail. The ELMs had low amplitude and high frequency and each ELM transported less plasma energy content than the 1% required by ITER. The energy confinement time, on the ITERH97-P scale, was 0.90, which is sufficient for ignition in ITER. 3He minority heating, in approximately 50:50 D:T plasmas with up to 10% 3He, also demonstrated strong bulk ion heating. Central ion temperatures up to 13 keV were achieved, together with central electron temperatures up to 12 keV. The normalized H mode confinement time was 0.95. Second harmonic tritium heating produced energetic tritons above the critical energy. This scheme heats the electrons in JET, unlike in ITER where the lower power density will allow mainly ion heating. The inverted scenario of tritium minority ICRH in a deuterium plasma was demonstrated as a successful heating method producing both suprathermal neutrons and bulk ion heating. Theoretical calculations of the DT reactivity mostly give excellent agreement with the measured reaction rates

Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome

Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome

Life and work - A possible house community at the Early Bronze Age settlement of Schiepzig in Central Germany

Combined archaeological and archaeogenetic analyses of ten individuals buried in the Early Bronze Age settlement of Schiepzig provide new insights into the relation between the typical Únětice longhouses and the communities that constructed and occupied them. Genetic relatedness analyses associated with one of the longhouses have revealed a pedigree of more than 15 individuals spanning over four generations. The integration of archaeological and anthropological evidence allowed us to address long-debated issues in prehistoric archaeology, such as community size, house duration, and the practice of inhumation burials versus other, albeit undetected, funerary practices