Antioxidant activity of isolated compounds in non-volatile residue from orange essential oil

6 páginas, 3 figuras.[ES] Existe un creciente interés en la industria alimentaria y en la medicina preventiva por la búsqueda de «antioxidantes naturales», por lo que nos planteamos evaluar la actividad antioxidante del residuo no volátil del aceite esencial de naranja contra la oxidación del aceite de oliva sin retinar y de reciente extracción. Mediante destilación del aceite esencial de naranja se obtuvo el residuo no-volátil, el cual se fraccionó en columna de silica gel 60. La actividad antioxidante fue medida por el valor de peróxidos producidos por el aceite de oliva al provocar la oxidación por calentamiento a 70 °C durante 48 h. Se aislaron seis compuestos mediante H PLC preparativo de los cuales cuatro tuvieron actividad antioxidante. Usando métodos espectroscópicos se identificaron a-tocoferol y tres flavonas metoxiladas. Con este estudio se confirmó que la fracción no volátil del aceite esencial de naranja contiene antioxidantes naturales diferentes al a-tocoferol.[EN] There has been a growing interest in the food industry and in preventive medicine to search for «natural antioxidants». Therefore the objetive of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the non-volatile residue of essential orange oil in the oxidation of unrefined and freshly extracted olive oil. Essential orange oil was distilled to obtain a non-volatile residue and fracctionated on a Silica Gel 60 column. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring peroxide value obtained after heating olive oil at 70 °C for 48 h. Six compounds were isolated and purified, four of these had antioxidant activity, a-tocopherol and three methoxylated flavones were identified using spectroscopic methods. This study confirmed that non-volatile fractions of essential orange oil contain natural antioxidants diferent from a-tocopherol.Peer reviewe

Finance for Integrated Landscape Management: Processes that support integrated landscape initiatives and make access to finance more inclusive

This methodology helps identify the key stakeholders linked to financial flows for integrated landscape management, their perspectives and motivations, and the mechanisms used to channel funding from investors through brokers or intermediaries to individual or recipient groups that support integrated landscape initiatives

Pré-melhoramento do sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth): indução precoce do florescimento.

Resumo: A presença de acúleos em sabiá é uma característica dominante na espécie, que dificulta sua exploração. Torna-se necessário aplicar técnicas de melhoramento genético, para selecionar plantas que não apresentem essa característica indesejável. Para acelerar o melhoramento, a utilização de biorreguladores pode ser uma alternativa, como o paclobutrazol (PBZ), cujo objetivo é induzir o florescimento, o que diminuirá o tempo para seleção dos genótipos desejados. Foram testadas quatro doses: 0,5 mL, 1,0 mL, 1,5 mL e 2,0 mL de PBZ, diluídos em 1000 mL de água, aplicado mensalmente durante cinco meses a partir do quarto mês após o plantio. Quatro plantas floresceram precocemente aos onze meses, esses resultados foram obtidos nas épocas de aplicação aos 5 e 6 meses de idade com doses de 1 mL e 2 mL de PBZ. Existem evidências que o PBZ contribuiu para o florescimento precoce, uma vez que as testemunhas não apresentaram resultado similar. A ausência de acúleos no Sabiá é um caráter recessivo, pois muitas plantas após a germinação exibiram a presença de acúleos, mesmo sendo coletadas de uma população sem acúleo. E a indução do florescimento aos onze meses de idade, está relacionada com a utilização do PBZ. [Pre-breeding the sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth) - Early induction of flowering]. Abstract: The presence of thorns dominant character in sabiá, makes it difficult their exploitation which makes it necessary to apply genetic improvement techniques, to select plants that do not show this trait. To expedite the improvement, the use of biorreguladores may be an alternative, as the paclobutrazol (PBZ), to induce flowering, aiming to reduce the time for selection. Were tested four doses of PBZ that was applied for five months from the fourth month after sowing. Four plants early flowering at eleven months, these results were obtained in seasons 5 and 6 with doses of 1 mL and 2 mL of PBZ. There is evidence that the PBZ contributed to the early flowering, since the check did not show similar results. We conclude that the absence of thorns on Sabia is a recessive character, because many plants after germination exhibited the presence of thorns, even collected from a population without thorns. The induction of flowering at eleven months of age is related to the use of PBZ

Graphenes as Metal-Free Catalysts with Engineered Active Sites

[EN] This Perspective article highlights how recent discoveries on the activity of defective graphene to promote different organic reactions as metal-free catalysts has led to propose certain substructures present on these defective graphenes as active sites. The sustainability of using as catalysts graphenes obtained from biomass and the possibility to generate active sites by introducing defects on the sheet are the two main characteristics triggering research in this area. Emphasis is made in the need to gain understanding on the nature of the active sites and how this understanding requires the combination of conventional kinetic experiments as well as advanced characterization tools. The relationship between catalysis by graphene and that by organocatalysis has also been remarked.Financial support by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Severo Ochoa, Grapas, and CTQ2015-69153-CO2-1) and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometo 2013-014) is gratefully acknowledged. A.P. also thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for a Ramon y Cajal research associate contract.Primo Arnau, AM.; Parvulescu, V.; García Gómez, H. (2017). Graphenes as Metal-Free Catalysts with Engineered Active Sites. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 8(1):264-278. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01996S2642788

Dinâmica de água no solo em uma área de cultivo com clones de palma forrageira.

Objetivou-se analisar a dinâmica de água no solo de três clones (Miúda, IPA Sertânia e Orelha de Elefante Mexicana) de palma forrageira nas condições climáticas do Semiárido do Médio Pajeú. O monitoramento do conteúdo de água no solo (CAS) foi feito por meio de uma sonda capacitiva. Com os resultados, verificou-se que a magnitude dos valores de CAS foi inferior nas áreas cultivadas com a Miúda e a Orelha de Elefante Mexicana e superior nas áreas cultivadas com a IPA Sertânia, inferindo que os dois primeiros clones podem apresentar maior demanda de água quando comparado ao último clone, podendo estes resultados estarem associados a características inerentes ao índice de área de cladódio e aos seus respectivos gêneros, logo que a Miúda e IPA Sertânia são pertencentes ao gênero Nopalea sp. e a Orelha de Elefante Mexicana ao gênero Opuntia sp

A video guide of five access methods to the splenic flexure: the concept of the splenic flexure box

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe all the possible approaches for laparoscopic splenic flexure mobilization (SFM), each suitable for specific situations, and create an illustrated system to show SFM approaches in an easy and practical way to make it easy to learn and teach. Methods: Two different phases. First part: Cadaver-based study of the colonic splenic flexure anatomy. In order to demonstrate the different approaches, a balloon was placed through the colonic hepatic flexure in the lesser sac without sectioning any of the fixing ligaments of the splenic flexure. Second part: A real case series of laparoscopic SFM. Results: First part: 11 cadavers were dissected. Five potential approaches to SFM were found: anterior, trans-omentum, lateral, medial infra-mesocolic, and medial trans-mesocolic. The illustrative system developed was named: Splenic Flexure “Box”(SFBox). Second part: One of the types of SFM described in first part was used in five patients with colorectal cancer. Each laparoscopic approach to the splenic flexure was illustrated in a video accompanied by illustration aids delineating the access. Conclusion: With the cadaver dissection and subsequent demonstration in real-life laparoscopic surgery, we have shown five types of laparoscopic splenic flexure mobilization. The Splenic Flexure “Box” is a useful way to learn and teach this surgical maneuver

Aedes albopictus bionomics data collection by citizen participation on procida island, a promising mediterranean site for the assessment of innovative and community-based integrated pest management methods

In the last decades, the colonization of Mediterranean Europe and of other temperate regions by Aedes albopictus created an unprecedented nuisance problem in highly infested areas and new public health threats due to the vector competence of the species. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and the Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) are insecticide-free mosquito-control methods, relying on mass release of irradiated/manipulated males, able to complement existing and only partially effective control tools. The validation of these approaches in the field requires appropriate experimental settings, possibly isolated to avoid mosquito immigration from other infested areas, and preliminary ecological and entomological data. We carried out a 4-year study in the island of Procida (Gulf of Naples, Italy) in strict collaboration with local administrators and citizens to estimate the temporal dynamics, spatial distribution, and population size of Ae. albopictus and the dispersal and survival of irradiated males. We applied ovitrap monitoring, geo-spatial analyses, mark-release-recapture technique, and a citizen-science approach. Results allow to predict the seasonal (from April to October, with peaks of 928-9,757 males/ha) and spatial distribution of the species, highlighting the capacity of Ae. albopictus population of Procida to colonize and maintain high frequencies in urban as well as in sylvatic inhabited environments. Irradiated males shown limited ability to disperse (mean daily distance travelled <60m) and daily survival estimates ranging between 0.80 and 0.95. Overall, the ecological characteristics of the island, the acquired knowledge on Ae. albopictus spatial and temporal distribution, the high human and Ae. albopictus densities and the positive attitude of the resident population in being active parts in innovative mosquito control projects provide the ground for evidence-based planning of the interventions and for the assessment of their effectiveness. In addition, the results highlight the value of creating synergies between research groups, local administrators, and citizens for affordable monitoring (and, in the future, control) of mosquito populations

Coinoculação de Rhizobium tropici e Azospirillum brasilense na fase fenológica V2-V3 do feijoeiro-comum.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de doses de coinoculação com Rhizobium tropici e Azospirillum brasilense nos parâmetros de nodulação e crescimento do feijoeiro-comum