618 research outputs found
The backgrounds and organization of the great Oregon migration of 1843
To define the motives for any human migration is often a formidable, but nevertheless an inspiring an challenging undertaking. This study, therefore, is devoted to a detailed examination of the events which led to the highly significant migration from the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys to the Oregon country in 1843. I shall demonstrate that this, the first home-building immigration to the Pacific Northwest, was not a mere response to leadership, but was stimulated by a deep-seated frontier force based upon the desire of the inhabitants of the western states to better their lot. It was no aimless wandering upon which these pioneers embarked; it was the grand answer to a pressing need for more elbow room
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Soviet Atheism and Russian Orthodox Strategies of Resistance, 1917–1932
When the Bolsheviks came to power in Russia in 1917, party leaders under-stood well that a thorough social transformation lay between them and the full realization of long-term revolutionary objectives. The seizure of political authority and even a proposed redistribution of economic goods and services would not themselves create citizens of a new type, nor would they spontaneously recast the quality of Russian life. Yet party behavior on the road to revolution had done little to communicate any precise plan for reshaping society. On the contrary, Bolshevik political militancy, tactical brashness, glib sloganeering, and the lack of a well-defined, comprehensive program all understandably caused contemporaries to question not only the politics of the party but also its grasp of the complexities of social reform.Copyrighted and originally published by the University of Chicago Press and can be found at:
http://www.jstor.org/page/journal/jmodernhistory/about.htm
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Review of the book Republic of Labor: Russian Printers and Soviet Socialism, 1918-1930
Modelling both the continual erosion and regeneration of discolouration material in drinking water distribution systems
The erosion of the cohesive layers of particulate matter that causes discolouration in water
distribution system mains has previously been modelled using the Prediction of Discolouration in
Distribution Systems (PODDS) model. When first proposed, PODDS featured an unvalidated
means by which material regeneration on pipe walls could be simulated. Field and laboratory studies
of material regeneration have yielded data that suggest that the PODDS formulations incorrectly
model these processes.
A new model is proposed to overcome this shortcoming. It tracks the relative amount of
discolouration material that is bound to the pipe wall over time at each of a number of shear
strengths. The model formulations and a mass transport model have been encoded as software,
which has been used to verify the model’s constructs and undertake sensitivity analyses. The new
formulations for regeneration are conceptually consistent with field and laboratory observed data
and has potential value in the proactive management of water distribution systems, such as
evaluating change in discolouration risk and planning timely interventions
The Rest-Frame Submillimeter Spectrum of High-Redshift, Dusty, Star-Forming Galaxies
We present the average rest-frame spectrum of high-redshift dusty,
star-forming galaxies from 250-770GHz. This spectrum was constructed by
stacking ALMA 3mm spectra of 22 such sources discovered by the South Pole
Telescope and spanning z=2.0-5.7. In addition to multiple bright spectral
features of 12CO, [CI], and H2O, we also detect several faint transitions of
13CO, HCN, HNC, HCO+, and CN, and use the observed line strengths to
characterize the typical properties of the interstellar medium of these
high-redshift starburst galaxies. We find that the 13CO brightness in these
objects is comparable to that of the only other z>2 star-forming galaxy in
which 13CO has been observed. We show that the emission from the high-critical
density molecules HCN, HNC, HCO+, and CN is consistent with a warm, dense
medium with T_kin ~ 55K and n_H2 >~ 10^5.5 cm^-3. High molecular hydrogen
densities are required to reproduce the observed line ratios, and we
demonstrate that alternatives to purely collisional excitation are unlikely to
be significant for the bulk of these systems. We quantify the average emission
from several species with no individually detected transitions, and find
emission from the hydride CH and the linear molecule CCH for the first time at
high redshift, indicating that these molecules may be powerful probes of
interstellar chemistry in high-redshift systems. These observations represent
the first constraints on many molecular species with rest-frame transitions
from 0.4-1.2mm in star-forming systems at high redshift, and will be invaluable
in making effective use of ALMA in full science operations.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures (2 in appendices); accepted for publication in
Ap
Appropriate disclosure of a diagnosis of dementia : identifying the key behaviours of 'best practice'
Background: Despite growing evidence that many people with dementia want to know their diagnosis, there is wide variation in attitudes of professionals towards disclosure. The disclosure of the diagnosis of dementia is increasingly recognised as being a process rather than a one-off behaviour. However, the different behaviours that contribute to this process have not been comprehensively defined. No intervention studies to improve diagnostic disclosure in dementia have been reported to date. As part of a larger study to develop an intervention to promote appropriate disclosure, we sought to identify important disclosure behaviours and explore whether supplementing a literature review with other methods would result in the identification of new behaviours. Methods: To identify a comprehensive list of behaviours in disclosure we conducted a literature review, interviewed people with dementia and informal carers, and used a consensus process involving health and social care professionals. Content analysis of the full list of behaviours was carried out. Results: Interviews were conducted with four people with dementia and six informal carers. Eight health and social care professionals took part in the consensus panel. From the interviews, consensus panel and literature review 220 behaviours were elicited, with 109 behaviours over-lapping. The interviews and consensus panel elicited 27 behaviours supplementary to the review. Those from the interviews appeared to be self-evident but highlighted deficiencies in current practice and from the panel focused largely on balancing the needs of people with dementia and family members. Behaviours were grouped into eight categories: preparing for disclosure; integrating family members; exploring the patient's perspective; disclosing the diagnosis; responding to patient reactions; focusing on quality of life and well-being; planning for the future; and communicating effectively. Conclusion: This exercise has highlighted the complexity of the process of disclosing a diagnosis of dementia in an appropriate manner. It confirms that many of the behaviours identified in the literature (often based on professional opinion rather than empirical evidence) also resonate with people with dementia and informal carers. The presence of contradictory behaviours emphasises the need to tailor the process of disclosure to individual patients and carers. Our combined methods may be relevant to other efforts to identify and define complex clinical practices for further study.This project is funded by UK Medical Research Council, Grant reference number G0300999
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