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Variations in Gas and Water Pulses at an Arctic Seep: Fluid Sources and Methane Transport
Methane fluxes into the oceans are largely dependent on the methane phase as it migrates upward through the sediments. Here we document decoupled methane transport by gaseous and aqueous phases in Storfjordrenna (offshore Svalbard) and propose a three-stage evolution model for active seepage in the region where gas hydrates are present in the shallow subsurface. In a preactive seepage stage, solute diffusion is the primary transport mechanism for methane in the dissolved phase. Fluids containing dissolved methane have high Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios due to silicate weathering in the microbial methanogenesis zone. During the active seepage stage, migration of gaseous methane results in near-seafloor gas hydrate formation and vigorous seafloor gas discharge with a thermogenic fingerprint. In the postactive seepage stage, the high concentration of dissolved lithium points to the contribution of a deeper-sourced aqueous fluid, which we postulate advects upward following cessation of gas discharge
Prognostic resources of mineral deposits by geophysical methods
In the framework of non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics a relation between the concentration of component of the ore to its physical properties.On the basis of this communication formulas for calculation of the differentiated and predicted stocks of deposits of minerals are received on the basis of the geophysical data. Methods of magnetic investigation, electric investigation, gravitational investigation and seismic prospecting, and also nuclear physical methods are considered. A comparison of the calculated expected resources with proven for a number of fields in Kazakhstan.
The proposed method allows to perform predictive assessment of stocks of deposits in the early stages of prospects with using the results of geophysical methods, while it has a rapidity and to be sufficiently accurate.
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, geophysical methods, and estimated resources, deposits of minerals
Π Π΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ· Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RP) is one of the most challenging benign tumors of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Dissemination of the tumor process and damage to the lung tissue not only increase the likelihood of malignancy, but also complicate the choice of treatment tactics, largely limit the surgical options, and necessitate a multidisciplinary approach.Methods. The enrolled patients with RP have been treated (n = 190) in the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education βAcademician I.P.Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical Universityβ, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, from 2000 to the present. Changes in the lung tissue were detected in 5 (2.6%) patients (2 men and 3 women) with aggressive course of the disease.Results. The clinical characteristics of patients and the outcomes of lung damage in RP are presented. Four patients had malignant transformation of the tumor into verrucous carcinoma of the upper third of the trachea with invasion into the soft tissues of the neck (n = 1) or malignant degeneration of the lesion in the lung parenchyma (n = 3).Conclusion. The presented rare observations suggest polymorphism of clinical and radiological symptoms of papillomatous damage to the tracheobronchial system and lungs.Π Π΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ· (Π Π Π) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π‘ 2000 Π³. ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ Π Π Π (n = 190) ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Β«ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° Π.Π.ΠΠ°Π²Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°Β» ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π£ 5 (2,6 %) Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
(2 ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ 3 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ) Ρ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ Π Π Π. Π£ 4 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π΅ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΈ (n = 1) ΠΈ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π° Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
(n = 3). ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ
Extensive release of methane from Arctic seabed west of Svalbard during summer 2014 does not influence the atmosphere
Β© 2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. We find that summer methane (CH4) release from seabed sediments west of Svalbard substantially increases CH4 concentrations in the ocean but has limited influence on the atmospheric CH4 levels. Our conclusion stems from complementary measurements at the seafloor, in the ocean, and in the atmosphere from land-based, ship and aircraft platforms during a summer campaign in 2014. We detected high concentrations of dissolved CH4 in the ocean above the seafloor with a sharp decrease above the pycnocline. Model approaches taking potential CH4 emissions from both dissolved and bubble-released CH4 from a larger region into account reveal a maximum flux compatible with the observed atmospheric CH4 mixing ratios of 2.4-3.8 nmol m-2 s-1. This is too low to have an impact on the atmospheric summer CH4 budget in the year 2014. Long-term ocean observatories may shed light on the complex variations of Arctic CH4 cycles throughout the year.The project MOCA- Methane Emissions from the Arctic OCean to the Atmosphere: Present and Future Climate Effects is funded by the Research Council of Norway, grant no.225814 CAGE β Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate research work was supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme grant no. 223259. Nordic Center of Excellence eSTICC (eScience Tool for Investigating Climate Change in northern high latitudes) funded by Nordforsk, grant no. 57001
On the study of the effects of sea views, greenery views and personal characteristics on noise annoyance perception at homes
Noise annoyance has caused significant adverse impacts on human beings and numerous efforts have been spent on mitigating annoyance problems. Natural greenery has been shown to be able to moderate annoyance problems at home but this conclusion was drawn without properly controlling the potential confounding factors. Furthermore, few have explored the moderation effect of a sea view. Accordingly, this study formulated a multivariate model to examine the impacts of natural views as well as personal characteristics on annoyance perception. A housing estate was selected in Hong Kong as the survey site for which some of the residents were exposed to greenery views, sea views, or both from their homes. Eight hundred and sixty-one responses were collected via questionnaire surveys and analyzed using an ordered logit model. The results suggest that both a greenery view and a sea view can moderate annoyance responses. Several individualβs personal characteristics are found to affect individualsβ annoyance perception. The duration of time spent daily at home is shown to have an influence on the moderation impact exerted by a greenery view, while the age of an individual is shown to have an influence on noise moderation effect exerted by a sea view.Department of Building Services Engineerin
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