Gauging hadronic systems

We present a general method for incorporating the electromagnetic interaction into descriptions of hadronic processes based on four-dimensional scattering integral equations. The method involves the idea of gauging the scattering equations themselves, and results in electromagnetic amplitudes where an external photon is effectively coupled to every part of every strong interaction diagram in the model. Current conservation is therefore implemented in the theoretically correct fashion. To illustrate our gauging procedure we apply it to the three-nucleon problem whose strong interactions are described by standard three-body integral equations. In this way we obtain the expressions needed to calculate all possible electromagnetic processes of the three-nucleon system: the electromagnetic form factors of the three-body bound state, pd->pd gamma, gamma 3He-> pd, gamma 3He-> ppn, etc. As the photon is coupled everywhere in the strong interaction model, a unified description of the NNN-gamma NNN system is obtained. An interesting aspect of our results is the natural appearance of a subtraction term needed to avoid the overcounting of diagrams.Comment: 6 pages, revtex, epsf, 1 postscript figure, talk at the 15th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Groningen, Netherlands, 22-26 July 1997. To be published in Nucl. Phys.

Jesu li humusne kiseline prirodne tvorevine?

Alkaline cleavage of soil organic matter was studied by following the changes in absorbance at 250–270 nm, but particularly using differential pulse polarography. The measurement of peak currents obtained by the latter technique allowed to follow changes in concentration of CH3Oand HO-substituted benzaldehydes as well as of α,β-unsaturated ketones with time directly in the suspension of soil. Kinetics of the cleavage of the organic materials from soil and in particular its pH-dependence, were similar to that of cleavage of lignin, but different from those obtained with samples of humic acids. Based on this comparison and on discussion of chemical processes taking place during procedures used for isolation of humic acids from soils and waters, it is strongly indicated that humic acids are man-made macromolecular species rather than natural products.Praćenjem promjena apsorpcije zračenja od 250 do 270 nm i diferencijalnom pulsnom polarografijom proučavano je u alkalnoj otopini cijepanje organske tvari izolirane iz tla. Mjerenje polarografskih vršnih struja omogućuje praćenje promjena koncentracija benzaldehida supstituiranih na CH3O- i HO- skupinama i α,β-nezasićenih ketona u suspenziji zemlje. Kinetika cijepanja organskih tvari izoliranih iz tla, a posebno njena zavisnost o pH, slična je kinetici cijepanja lignina, ali se razlikuje od kinetike cijepanja humusnih kiselina. Na osnovu razlike u kinetici cijepanja, a uzimajući u obzir kemijske procese koji se odvijaju tijekom izolacije humusnih kiselina iz tla i vode, zaključuje se da postoje indikacije da su humusne kiseline umjetno stvoreni polimeri, a ne prirodne tvari

0++0^{++} Resonances Observed at BES

In last 10 years, $0^{++}$ resonances have been observed and studied at BES in many processes, such as $J/\psi\to\gamma\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$, $\gamma\pi^+\pi^-$, $\gamma\pi^0\pi^0$, $\gamma K^+K^-$, $\gamma K_SK_S$, $\gamma\omega\phi$, $\omega\pi^+\pi^-$, $\omega K^+K^-$, $\phi\pi^+\pi^-$, $\phi K^+K^-$, $\psi(2S)\to J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-$, $\chi_{c0}\to\pi^+\pi^-K^+K^-$, $\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$ etc.. The results on $0^{++}$ resonances observed at BES are reviewed.Comment: Plenary talk at SCADRON70, Lisbon, Feb. 200

Remarks on the f_0(400-1200) scalar meson as the dynamically generated chiral partner of the pion

The quark-level linear sigma model is revisited, in particular concerning the identification of the f_0(400-1200) (or \sigma(600)) scalar meson as the chiral partner of the pion. We demonstrate the predictive power of the linear sigma model through the pi-pi and pi-N s-wave scattering lengths, as well as several electromagnetic, weak, and strong decays of pseudoscalar and vector mesons. The ease with which the data for these observables are reproduced in the linear sigma model lends credit to the necessity to include the sigma as a fundamental q\bar{q} degree of freedom, to be contrasted with approaches like chiral perturbation theory or the confining NJL model of Shakin and Wang.Comment: 15 pages, plain LaTeX, 3 EPS figure

Persistence at the onset of spatiotemporal intermittency in coupled map lattices

We study persistence in coupled circle map lattices at the onset of spatiotemporal intermittency, an onset which marks a continuous transition, in the universality class of directed percolation, to a unique absorbing state. We obtain a local persistence exponent of theta_l = 1.49 +- 0.02 at this transition, a value which closely matches values for theta_l obtained in stochastic models of directed percolation. This result constitutes suggestive evidence for the universality of persistence exponents at the directed percolation transition. Given that many experimental systems are modelled accurately by coupled map lattices, experimental measurements of this persistence exponent may be feasible.Comment: 7 pages, Latex, 6 Postscript figures, Europhysics Letters (to appear

NJL with eight quark interactions: Chiral phases at finite T

The thermodynamic potential and thermal dependence of low lying mass spectra of scalars and pseudoscalars are evaluated in a generalized Nambu -- Jona-Lasinio model, which incorporates eight-quark interactions. These are necessary to stabilize the scalar effective potential for the light and strange quark flavors, which would be otherwise unbounded from below. In addition it turns out that they are also crucial to i) lower the temperature of the chiral transition, in conformity with lattice calculations, ii) sharpen the temperature interval in which the crossover occurs, iii) or even allow for first order transitions to occur with realistic quark mass values, from certain critical values of the parameters. These are unprecedented results which cannot be obtained within the NJL approaches restricted to quartic and six-quark interactions.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, Talk presented at SCADRON 70 Workshop on Scalar Mesons and Related Topics, Lisbon, 11-16 February 200

Machine Learning for Quantum Mechanical Properties of Atoms in Molecules

We introduce machine learning models of quantum mechanical observables of atoms in molecules. Instant out-of-sample predictions for proton and carbon nuclear chemical shifts, atomic core level excitations, and forces on atoms reach accuracies on par with density functional theory reference. Locality is exploited within non-linear regression via local atom-centered coordinate systems. The approach is validated on a diverse set of 9k small organic molecules. Linear scaling of computational cost in system size is demonstrated for saturated polymers with up to sub-mesoscale lengths

Properties of low-lying states in a diffusive quantum dot and Fock-space localization

Motivated by an experiment by Sivan et al. (Europhys. Lett. 25, 605 (1994)) and by subsequent theoretical work on localization in Fock space, we study numerically a hierarchical model for a finite many-body system of Fermions moving in a disordered potential and coupled by a two-body interaction. We focus attention on the low-lying states close to the Fermi energy. Both the spreading width and the participation number depend smoothly on excitation energy. This behavior is in keeping with naive expectations and does not display Anderson localization. We show that the model reproduces essential features of the experiment by Sivan et al.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let

Relativistic three-particle scattering equations

We derive a set of relativistic three-particle scattering equations in the three-particle c.m. frame employing a relativistic three-particle propagator suggested long ago by Ahmadzadeh and Tjon in the c.m. frame of a two-particle subsystem. We make the coordinate transformation of this propagator from the c.m. frame of the two-particle subsystem to the three-particle c.m. frame. We also point out that some numerical applications of the Ahmadzadeh and Tjon propagator to the three-nucleon problem use unnecessary nonrelativistic approximations which do not simplify the computational task, but violate constraints of relativistic unitarity and/or covariance.Comment: 5pages, text and one ps figure (in revtex) include