652 research outputs found
Lower urinary tract symptoms in male-to-female transsexuals: Short terms results and proposal of a new questionnaire
Conversion of Neutral to Alkaline Liver Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase: Changes in Molecular Properties of the Enzyme
Extracellular release of the âdifferentiation enhancing factorâ, a HMG1 protein type, is an early step in murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation
AbstractDifferentiation enhancing factor (DEF) is a 29 kDa protein expressed in murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and active in promoting a significant increase in the rate of hexamethylenebisacetamide induced differentiation of these cells. The factor was recently shown to possess an amino acid sequence identical to that reported for one of the HMG1 proteins, designated as âamphoterinâ on the basis of its highly dipolar sequence. In the present study, we have expressed DEF cDNA in an E. coli strain and found that the recombinant protein has functional properties identical to those observed with native DEF. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, following MEL cell stimulation with the chemical inducer, DEF is secreted in large amounts in the extracellular medium. In fact, the N-terminal sequence and the partial amino acid sequence of tryptic peptides from the secreted protein correspond to those of DEF isolated from the soluble fraction of resting MEL cells. These results are indicative for an extracellular localization as the site of action of DEF and suggest a novel function for proteins belonging to the HMG1 family. Finally, the early decay of DEF mRNA, in chemical induced MEL cells, support the hypothesis that the involvement of the enhancing factor occurs and is completed in the early phases of cell differentiation
Cutting edge: extracellular high mobility group box-1 protein is a proangiogenic cytokine.
The chromosomal high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein acts as a proinflammatory cytokine when released in the extracellular environment by necrotic and inflammatory cells. In the present study, we show that HMGB1 exerts proangiogenic effects by inducing MAPK ERK1/2 activation, cell proliferation, and chemotaxis in endothelial cells of different origin. Accordingly, HMGB1 stimulates membrane ruffling and repair of a mechanically wounded endothelial cell monolayer and causes endothelial cell sprouting in a three-dimensional fibrin gel. In keeping with its in vitro properties, HMGB1 stimulates neovascularization when applied in vivo on the top of the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane whose blood vessels express the HMGB1 receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Accordingly, RAGE blockade by neutralizing Abs inhibits HMGB1-induced neovascularization in vivo and endothelial cell proliferation and membrane ruffling in vitro. Taken together, the data identify HMGB1/RAGE interaction as a potent proangiogenic stimulus
Spatially resolving amplitude and phase of light with a reconfigurable photonic integrated circuit
Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) play a pivotal role in many applications.
Particularly powerful are circuits based on meshes of reconfigurable
Mach-Zehnder interferometers as they enable active processing of light. Various
possibilities exist to get light into such circuits. Sampling an
electromagnetic field distribution with a carefully designed free-space
interface is one of them. Here, a reconfigurable PIC is used to optically
sample and process free-space beams so as to implement a spatially resolving
detector of amplitudes and phases. In order to perform measurements of this
kind we develop and experimentally implement a versatile method for the
calibration and operation of such integrated photonics based detectors. Our
technique works in a wide parameter range, even when running the chip off the
design wavelength. Amplitude, phase and polarization sensitive measurements are
of enormous importance in modern science and technology, providing a vast range
of applications for such detectors
Scalable low-latency optical phase sensor array
Optical phase measurement is critical for many applications, and traditional approaches often suffer from mechanical instability, temporal latency, and computational complexity. In this paper, we describe compact phase sensor arrays based on integrated photonics, which enable accurate and scalable reference-free phase sensing in a few measurement steps. This is achieved by connecting multiple two-port phase sensors into a graph to measure relative phases between neighboring and distant spatial locations. We propose an efficient post-processing algorithm, as well as circuit design rules to reduce random and biased error accumulations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system in both simulations and experiments with photonics integrated circuits. The proposed system measures the optical phase directly without the need for external references or spatial light modulators, thus providing significant benefits for applications including microscope imaging and optical phased arrays
All-optical mode unscrambling on a silicon photonic chip
Propagation of light beams through scattering or multimode systems may lead
to randomization of the spatial coherence of the light. Although information is
not lost, its recovery requires a coherent interferometric reconstruction of
the original signals, which have been scrambled into the modes of the
scattering system. Here, we show that we can automatically unscramble four
optical beams that have been arbitrarily mixed in a multimode waveguide,
undoing the scattering and mixing between the spatial modes through a mesh of
silicon photonics Mach-Zehnder interferometers. Using embedded transparent
detectors and a progressive tuning algorithm, the mesh self-configures
automatically and reset itself after significantly perturbing the mixing,
without turning off the beams. We demonstrate the recovery of four separate 10
Gbits/s information channels, with residual cross-talk between beams of -20dB.
This principle of self-configuring and self-resetting in optical systems should
be applicable in a wide range of optical applications.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figure
Programmable photonic circuits
[EN] The growing maturity of integrated photonic technology makes it possible to build increasingly large and complex photonic circuits on the surface of a chip. Today, most of these circuits are designed for a specific application, but the increase in complexity has introduced a generation of photonic circuits that can be programmed using software for a wide variety of functions through a mesh of on-chip waveguides, tunable beam couplers and optical phase shifters. Here we discuss the state of this emerging technology, including recent developments in photonic building blocks and circuit architectures, as well as electronic control and programming strategies. We cover possible applications in linear matrix operations, quantum information processing and microwave photonics, and examine how these generic chips can accelerate the development of future photonic circuits by providing a higher-level platform for prototyping novel optical functionalities without the need for custom chip fabricationBogaerts, W.; PĂ©rez-LĂłpez, D.; Capmany Francoy, J.; Miller, DAB.; Poon, J.; Englund, D.; Morichetti, F.... (2020). Programmable photonic circuits. Nature. 586(7828):207-216. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2764-0S2072165867828Chen, X. et al. The emergence of silicon photonics as a flexible technology platform. Proc. IEEE 106, 2101â2116 (2018).Smit, M., Williams, K. & van der Tol, J. Past, present, and future of InP-based photonic integration. APL Photonics 4, 050901 (2019).Capmany, J. & Perez, D. Programmable Integrated Photonics (Oxford Univ. Press, 2020). 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Establishing Multiple Chip-to-Chip Orthogonal Free-Space Optical Channels using Programmable Silicon Photonics Meshes
Two silicon photonics programmable meshes of Mach-Zehnder interferometers are used to automatically establish chip-to-chip orthogonal free-space communication links. Optimum channels with mutual isolation of more than 30dB are found even in case of a misaligned link or in presence of an obstacle in the path
Determining the optimal communication channels of arbitrary optical systems using integrated photonic processors
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