615 research outputs found
Towards the integration of functions, relations and types in an AI programming language
This paper describes the design and implementation of the programming language PC-Life. This language integrates the functional and the Logic-oriented programming style and feature types supporting inheritance. This combination yields a language particularly suited to knowledge representation, especially for application in computational linguistics
Looking for magnetic monopoles at LHC with diphoton events
Magnetic monopoles have been a subject of interest since Dirac established
the relation between the existence of monopoles and charge quantization. The
intense experimental search carried thus far has not met with success. The
Large Hadron Collider is reaching energies never achieved before allowing the
search for exotic particles in the TeV mass range. In a continuing effort to
discover these rare particles we propose here other ways to detect them. We
study the observability of monopoles and monopolium, a monopole-antimonopole
bound state, at the Large Hadron Collider in the channel for
monopole masses in the range 500-1000 GeV. We conclude that LHC is an ideal
machine to discover monopoles with masses below 1 TeV at present running
energies and with 5 fb of integrated luminosity.Comment: This manuscript contains information appeared in Looking for magnetic
monopoles at LHC, arXiv:1104.0218 [hep-ph] and Monopolium detection at the
LHC.,arXiv:1107.3684 [hep-ph] by the same authors, rewritten for joint
publication in The European Physica Journal Plus. 26 pages, 22 figure
A Synaptic Mechanism for Temporal Filtering of Visual Signals
The visual system transmits information about fast and slow changes in light intensity through separate neural pathways. We used in vivo imaging to investigate how bipolar cells transmit these signals to the inner retina. We found that the volume of the synaptic terminal is an intrinsic property that contributes to different temporal filters. Individual cells transmit through multiple terminals varying in size, but smaller terminals generate faster and larger calcium transients to trigger vesicle release with higher initial gain, followed by more profound adaptation. Smaller terminals transmitted higher stimulus frequencies more effectively. Modeling global calcium dynamics triggering vesicle release indicated that variations in the volume of presynaptic compartments contribute directly to all these differences in response dynamics. These results indicate how one neuron can transmit different temporal components in the visual signal through synaptic terminals of varying geometries with different adaptational properties
Anticipated regret to increase uptake of colorectal cancer screening in Scotland (ARTICS): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Background: Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the UK. Screening is key to early detection. The Scottish programme of colorectal cancer screening is running successfully, and involves all adults aged between 50 and 74 years being invited to post back a faecal sample for testing every 2 years. However, screening uptake is sub-optimal: for example rates for the period November 2009 to October 2011 ranged from just 39% for males living in the most deprived areas to 67% for least deprived females. Recent research has shown that asking people to consider the emotional consequences of not participating in screening (anticipated regret) can lead to a significant increase in screening uptake. Methods/Design: We will test a simple anticipated regret manipulation, in a large randomised controlled trial with 60,000 members of the general public. They will be randomly allocated to one of 3 arms, no questionnaire, control questionnaire or anticipated regret questionnaire. The primary outcome will be screening test kit return. Results will also be examined by demographic variables (age, gender, deprivation) as these are currently related to screening kit return. Discussion: If this anticipated regret intervention leads to a significant increase in colorectal cancer screening kit returns, this would represent a rare example of a theoretically-driven, simple intervention that could result in earlier detection of colorectal cancer and many more lives saved. Trial registration: Current Controlled trials: ISRCTN7498645
Resolved Photon Processes
We review the present level of knowledge of the hadronic structure of the
photon, as revealed in interactions involving quarks and gluons ``in" the
photon. The concept of photon structure functions is introduced in the
description of deep--inelastic scattering, and existing
parametrizations of the parton densities in the photon are reviewed. We then
turn to hard \gamp\ and \gaga\ collisions, where we treat the production of
jets, heavy quarks, hard (direct) photons, \jpsi\ mesons, and lepton pairs. We
also comment on issues that go beyond perturbation theory, including recent
attempts at a comprehensive description of both hard and soft \gamp\ and \gaga\
interactions. We conclude with a list of open problems.Comment: LaTeX with equation.sty, 85 pages, 29 figures (not included). A
complete PS file of the paper, including figures, can be obtained via
anonymous ftp from
ftp://phenom.physics.wisc.edu/pub/preprints/1995/madph-95-898.ps.
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