1,181 research outputs found

    Adaptation by macrophytes to inorganic carbon down a river with naturally variable concentrations of CO2

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    The productivity and ecological distribution of freshwater plants can be controlled by the availability of inorganic carbon in water despite the existence of different mechanisms to ameliorate this, such as the ability to use bicarbonate. Here we took advantage of a short, natural gradient of CO2 concentration, against a background of very high and relatively constant concentration of bicarbonate, in a spring-fed river, to study the effect of variable concentration of CO2 on the ability of freshwater plants to use bicarbonate. Plants close to the source, where the concentration of CO2 was up to 24-times air equilibrium, were dominated by Berula erecta. pH-drift results and discrimination against 13C were consistent with this and the other species being restricted to CO2 and unable to use the high concentration of bicarbonate. There was some indication from stable 13C data that B. erecta may have had access to atmospheric CO2 at low water levels. In contrast, species downstream, where concentrations of CO2 were only about 5-times air-equilibrium were almost exclusively able to use bicarbonate, based on pH-drift results. Discrimination against 13C was also consistent with bicarbonate being the main source of inorganic carbon for photosynthesis in these species. There was, therefore, a transect downstream from the source of increasing ability to use bicarbonate that closely matched the decreasing concentration of CO2. This was produced largely by altered species composition, but partly by phenotypic changes in individual species

    Geometric Phantom Categories

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    In this paper we give a construction of phantom categories, i.e. admissible triangulated subcategories in bounded derived categories of coherent sheaves on smooth projective varieties that have trivial Hochschild homology and trivial Grothendieck group. We also prove that these phantom categories are phantoms in a stronger sense, namely, they have trivial K-motives and, hence, all their higher K-groups are trivial too.Comment: LaTeX, 18 page

    The derivation of performance expressions for communication protocols from timed Petri net models

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    Petri Net models have been extended in a variety of ways and have been used to prove the correctness and evaluate the performance of communication protocols. Several extensions have been proposed to model time. This work uses a form of Timed Petri Nets and presents a technique for symbolically deriving expressions which describe system performance. Unlike past work on performance evaluation of Petri Nets which assumes a priori knowledge of specific time delays, the technique presented here applies to a wide range of time delays so long as the delays satisfy a set of timing constraints. The technique is demonstrated using a simple communication protocol

    Stringy K-theory and the Chern character

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    For a finite group G acting on a smooth projective variety X, we construct two new G-equivariant rings: first the stringy K-theory of X, and second the stringy cohomology of X. For a smooth Deligne-Mumford stack Y we also construct a new ring called the full orbifold K-theory of Y. For a global quotient Y=[X/G], the ring of G-invariants of the stringy K-theory of X is a subalgebra of the full orbifold K-theory of the the stack Y and is linearly isomorphic to the ``orbifold K-theory'' of Adem-Ruan (and hence Atiyah-Segal), but carries a different, ``quantum,'' product, which respects the natural group grading. We prove there is a ring isomorphism, the stringy Chern character, from stringy K-theory to stringy cohomology, and a ring homomorphism from full orbifold K-theory to Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology. These Chern characters satisfy Grothendieck-Riemann-Roch for etale maps. We prove that stringy cohomology is isomorphic to Fantechi and Goettsche's construction. Since our constructions do not use complex curves, stable maps, admissible covers, or moduli spaces, our results simplify the definitions of Fantechi-Goettsche's ring, of Chen-Ruan's orbifold cohomology, and of Abramovich-Graber-Vistoli's orbifold Chow. We conclude by showing that a K-theoretic version of Ruan's Hyper-Kaehler Resolution Conjecture holds for symmetric products. Our results hold both in the algebro-geometric category and in the topological category for equivariant almost complex manifolds.Comment: Exposition improved and additional details provided. To appear in Inventiones Mathematica

    Dinitrogen fixation and dissolved organic nitrogen fueled primary production and particulate export during the VAHINE mesocosm experiment (New Caledonia lagoon)

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    International audienceIn the oligotrophic ocean characterized by nitrate (NO βˆ’ 3) depletion in surface waters, dinitrogen (N 2) fixation and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) can represent significant nitrogen (N) sources for the ecosystem. In this study, we deployed large in situ mesocosms in New Caledonia in order to investigate (1) the contribution of N 2 fixation and DON use to primary production (PP) and particle export and (2) the fate of the freshly produced particulate organic N (PON), i.e., whether it is preferentially accumulated and recycled in the water column or exported out of the system. The mesocosms were fertilized with phosphate (PO 3βˆ’ 4) in order to prevent phosphorus (P) limitation and promote N 2 fixation. The diazotrophic community was dominated by diatom–diazotroph associations (DDAs) during the first part of the experiment for 10 days (P1) followed by the unicel-lular N 2-fixing cyanobacteria UCYN-C for the last 9 days (P2) of the experiment. N 2 fixation rates averaged 9.8 Β± 4.0 and 27.7 Β± 8.6 nmol L βˆ’1 d βˆ’1 during P1 and P2, respectively. NO βˆ’ 3 concentrations ( 0.05) during P1 (9.0 Β± 3.3 %) and P2 (12.6 Β± 6.1 %). However, the e ratio that quantifies the efficiency of a system to export particulate organic carbon (POC export) compared to PP (e ratio = POC export / PP) was significantly higher (p 0.05) from the total amount of PON exported (0.10 Β± 0.04 Β΅mol L βˆ’1), suggesting a rapid and probably direct export of the recently fixed N 2 by the DDAs. During P2, both PON concentrations and PON export increased in the mesocosms by a factor 1.5–2. Unlike in P1, this PON production was not totally explained by the new N provided by N 2 fixation. The use of DON, whose concentrations decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 5.3 Β± 0.5 Β΅mol L βˆ’1 to 4.4 Β± 0.5 Β΅mol L βˆ’1 , appeared to be the missing N source. The DON consumption (∼ 0.9 Β΅mol L βˆ’1) during P2 is higher Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 4100 H. Berthelot et al.: Dinitrogen fixation and dissolved organic nitrogen fueled primary production than the total amount of new N brought by N 2 fixation (∼ 0.25 Β΅mol L βˆ’1) during the same period. These results suggest that while DDAs mainly rely on N 2 fixation for their N requirements, both N 2 fixation and DON can be significant N sources for primary production and particulate export following UCYN-C blooms in the New Caledonia lagoon and by extension in the N-limited oceans where similar events are likely to occur

    Flexural Fatigue Behavior of Cross-Ply Laminates: An Experimental Approach

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    Within an experimental approach we describe the mechanical behavior of different resin-epoxy laminates reinforced with cross-ply Kevlar and glass fibers under the conditions of static and cyclic three-point bending. In static tests, we consider the effect of stacking sequence, the thickness of 90Β°-oriented layers, reinforcement type on the mechanical behavior of laminates under loading and on realization of various damage modes leading to rupture. Cyclic loading studies have been performed in two steps. In the first stage, we inquire into the dependence of the behavior and durability of four glass fiber- reinforced laminate-types on the stacking sequence; the second stage is devoted to studying the dependence of cyclic strength and fatigue behavior of laminates on the reinforcement type. Fatigue tests are carried out in load-control regime for glass and hybrid (Kevlar + glass) fiber laminates. Fatigue curves are constructed in coordinates β€œstress - number of cycles until fracture” from the criteria corresponding to a drop in stiffness by 5 and 10%. Analysis of the results obtained permits evaluation of the effect of the stacking sequence and the reinforcement type on the behavior of cross-ply laminates in cyclic loading. The presence of Kevlar fibers accounts for nonlinear behavior of laminates in static tests and for low cyclic strength in fatigue tests under three-point bending.Π’ Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° описано мСханичСскоС ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· эпоксидной смолы, пСрСкрСстно-Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ΅Π²Π»Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ стСкловолокнами, Π² условиях статичСского ΠΈ цикличСского Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ…Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ статичСских испытаниях Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ слоСв ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ слоСв, ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡƒΠ³Π»ΠΎΠΌ 90Β° ΠΈ влияниС Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° армирования Π½Π° мСханичСскоС ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² процСссС нагруТСния, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² поврСТдСния, приводящих ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ. ИсслСдования ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ цикличСском Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ состоят ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… этапов. На ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΌ этапС изучаСтся влияниС ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ слоСв ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ€Π΅Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… стСкловолокнами, Π½Π° Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ этапС - влияниС Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° армирования Π½Π° Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ сопротивлСниС Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ цикличСском Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. УсталостныС испытания Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π² мягком Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ нагруТСния для Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… стСкловолокнами ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ (ΠΊΠ΅Π²Π»Π°Ρ€+стСкло). ΠšΡ€ΠΈΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ усталости Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ построСны Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ… напряТСниС - число Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° основС ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π² сниТСния ТСсткости Π½Π° 5 ΠΈ 10%. Анализ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² позволяСт ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ влияниС ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ слоСв ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° армирования Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ пСрСкрСстно-Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ цикличСском Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. НаличиС ΠΊΠ΅Π²Π»Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π² Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ… обСспСчиваСт ΠΈΡ… Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ статичСских испытаниях ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ усталостных испытаниях Π² условиях Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ…Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π°.Π£ Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ описано ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Ρ–Π½ΠΊΡƒ Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½ΠΈΡ… Π»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρ–Π² Ρ–Π· ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π΅ΡŽ Π· Споксидної смоли, Ρ‰ΠΎ пСрСхрСсноармовані ΠΊΠ΅Π²Π»Π°Ρ€ΠΎ- Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ– скловолокнами, Π² ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ… статичного Ρ– Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ- Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π³ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ статичних випробуваннях Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ укладСння ΡˆΠ°Ρ€Ρ–Π² Ρ– Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Ρ”Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ–Π΄ ΠΊΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ 90Β° ΡˆΠ°Ρ€Ρ–Π² Ρ– Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΡƒ армування Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Ρ–Π½ΠΊΡƒ Π»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρ–Π² Ρƒ процСсі навантаТСння, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΡŽ Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ–Π² пошкодТСння, Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎ руйнування. ДослідТСння ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ– ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π· Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ… Π΅Ρ‚Π°ΠΏΡ–Π². На ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡˆΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π΅Ρ‚Π°ΠΏΡ– Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² послідовності укладСння ΡˆΠ°Ρ€Ρ–Π² Ρ– Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Ρ–Π½ΠΊΡƒ Ρ– Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΠ²Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‡ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡŒΠΎΡ… Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΡ–Π² Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… скловолокнами Π»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρ–Π², Π½Π° Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π΅Ρ‚Π°ΠΏΡ– - Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΡƒ армування Π½Π° Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρƒ ΠΌΡ–Ρ†Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ– ΠΎΠΏΡ–Ρ€ Π»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρ–Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ–. Випробування Π½Π° Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρƒ ΠΌ ’якому Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ– навантаТСння для Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… скловолокнами Ρ– Π³Ρ–Π±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ (ΠΊΠ΅Π²Π»Π°Ρ€ + скло) Π»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρ–Π². На основі ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ–Ρ—Π² зниТСння Торсткості Π½Π° 5 Ρ– 10% Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ… напруТСння - число Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ–Π² Π΄ΠΎ руйнування ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²Ρ– ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΈ. Аналіз ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ–Π² дозволяє ΠΎΡ†Ρ–Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² послідовності укладСння ΡˆΠ°Ρ€Ρ–Π² Ρ– Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΡƒ армування Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Ρ–Π½ΠΊΡƒ пСрСхрСсноармованих Π»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρ–Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ–. ΠΠ°ΡΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ΅Π²Π»Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Ρƒ Π»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ… Π·Π°ΠΏΠ΅Π·Ρ‡ΡƒΡ” Ρ—Ρ… Π½Π΅Π»Ρ–Π½Ρ–ΠΉΠ½Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Ρ–Π½ΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ статичних випробуваннях Ρ– Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡŒΠΊΡƒ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρƒ ΠΌΡ–Ρ†Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ випробуваннях Π½Π° Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π² ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ… Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π³ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ

    Is nasal carriage of the main acquisition pathway for surgical-site infection in orthopaedic surgery?

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    International audienceThe endogenous or exogenous origin of , responsible for orthopaedic surgical-site infections (SSI), remains debated. We conducted a multicentre prospective cohort study to analyse the respective part of exogenous contamination and endogenous self-inoculation by during elective orthopaedic surgery. The nose of each consecutive patient was sampled before surgery. Strains of isolated from the nose and the wound, in the case of SSI, were compared by antibiotypes or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A total of 3,908 consecutive patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery were included. Seventy-seven patients developed an SSI (2%), including 22 related to (0.6%). was isolated from the nose of 790 patients (20.2%) at the time of surgery. In the multivariate analysis, nasal carriage was found to be a risk factor for SSI in orthopaedic surgery. However, only nine subjects exhibiting SSI had been found to be carriers before surgery: when compared, three pairs of strains were considered to be different and six similar. In most cases of SSI, either an endogenous origin could not be demonstrated or pre-operative nasal colonisation retrieved a strain that was different from the one recovered from the surgical sit

    Experimental Analysis of Behavior and Damage of Sandwich Composite Materials in Three-Point Bending. Part 2. Fatigue Test Results and Damage Mechanisms

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    Π’Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдования измСнСния ТСсткости ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² поврСТ­дСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ усталостных испытаниях многослойных ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… пластин с Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ· пСновинилопласта. ΠœΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΈΜ†Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ пластины с пСрСкрСстными слоями ΠΈΠ· стСкло­ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΈ эпоксидной смолы, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΊΡƒΡƒΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ† ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΒ­ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ…Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΌ. ИсслСдовали Π΄Π²Π° Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Π° пластин с ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ напол­нитСлями ΠΈΠ· пСновинилопласта Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΈΜ† плотности. РассмотрСно влияниС плотности ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ слоя наполнитСля Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π°. Π‘ исполь­зованиСм Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ…Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΈΜ† ΠΈ критСрия цикличСской долговСчности построСны ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ усталости ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ ΠΈΡ… ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΈΜ† Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· с ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ SD 2 с Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠ΅ΠΈΜ† плотности ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокими характСристиками статичСской прочности ΠΈ устойчивости, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ усталостной проч­ности ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ SD 1 с Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅ΠΈΜ† плотности.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ– дослідТСння Π·ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΈ Торсткості Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Π·ΠΌΡ–Π² пошкодТСння ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ випробуваннях Π½Π° Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π±Π°Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡˆΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… пластин Ρ–Π· Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡŽΠ²Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Ρ–Π· піновінілопласта. Π‘Π°Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡˆΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ– ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ– пластини Π· пСрСхрСсними ΡˆΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Ρ– скловолокна Ρ‚Π° Споксидної смоли, Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ– ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΊΡƒΡƒΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Ρ–Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ²Ρƒ, ΠΏΡ–Π΄Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡŽ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π³ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. ДослідТували Π΄Π²Π° Π²Π°Ρ€Ρ–Π°Π½Ρ‚Π° пластин Π· ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡŽΠ²Π°Ρ‡Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π· піновінілопласта Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½ΠΎΡ— Ρ‰Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ–. Розглянуто Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Ρ‰Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ– Ρ– Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Ρ–ΡˆΠ½ΡŒΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡˆΠ°Ρ€Ρƒ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡŽΠ²Π°Ρ‡Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Ρ–Π½ΠΊΡƒ Ρ‚Π° пошкодТСння ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π°. Π†Π· використанням Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ… Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ–ΡŽ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— довговічності ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²Ρ– втомлСності Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ—Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π²Π½ΡΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π· Ρ–Π· Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»Ρ–Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. Показано, Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ SD 2 Π· Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡŽΠ²Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ— Ρ‰Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ– ΠΌΠ°Ρ” Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆ високі характСристики статичної міцності Ρ– стійкості Ρ‚Π° ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡ— міцності порівняно Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ SD 1 Ρ–Π· Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡŽΠ²Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡˆΠΎΡ— Ρ‰Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ–.The analysis o f stiffness degradation and the identification o f damage mechanisms during and after fatigue tests of sandwich panels with PVC foam cores have been performed. The sandwich panels with cross-ply laminates skins made of glass fiber and epoxy resin were manufactured by vacuum moulding and subjected to three-point bending tests. Two PVC cores of similar type but with differing densities were investigated. The effect o f core density and thickness on the damage behavior was highlighted. Using the cyclic life criterion, fatigue curves were plotted according to two models and compared with those o f the literature. It has been demonstrated that the sandwich SD 2, with the higher core density, withstands a higher load and possesses greater rigidity in static tests, combined with an enhanced fatigue resistance when compared to sandwich SD 1 which has a lower core density

    Experimental Analysis of Behavior and Damage of Sandwich Composite Materials in Three-Point Bending. Part 2. Fatigue Test Results and Damage Mechanisms

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    Π’Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдования измСнСния ТСсткости ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² поврСТ­дСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ усталостных испытаниях многослойных ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… пластин с Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ· пСновинилопласта. ΠœΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΈΜ†Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ пластины с пСрСкрСстными слоями ΠΈΠ· стСкло­ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΈ эпоксидной смолы, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΊΡƒΡƒΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ† ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΒ­ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ…Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΌ. ИсслСдовали Π΄Π²Π° Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Π° пластин с ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ напол­нитСлями ΠΈΠ· пСновинилопласта Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΈΜ† плотности. РассмотрСно влияниС плотности ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ слоя наполнитСля Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π°. Π‘ исполь­зованиСм Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ…Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΈΜ† ΠΈ критСрия цикличСской долговСчности построСны ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ усталости ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ ΠΈΡ… ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΈΜ† Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· с ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ SD 2 с Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠ΅ΠΈΜ† плотности ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокими характСристиками статичСской прочности ΠΈ устойчивости, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ усталостной проч­ности ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ SD 1 с Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅ΠΈΜ† плотности.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ– дослідТСння Π·ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΈ Торсткості Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Π·ΠΌΡ–Π² пошкодТСння ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ випробуваннях Π½Π° Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π±Π°Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡˆΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… пластин Ρ–Π· Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡŽΠ²Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Ρ–Π· піновінілопласта. Π‘Π°Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡˆΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ– ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ– пластини Π· пСрСхрСсними ΡˆΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Ρ– скловолокна Ρ‚Π° Споксидної смоли, Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ– ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΊΡƒΡƒΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Ρ–Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ²Ρƒ, ΠΏΡ–Π΄Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡŽ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π³ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. ДослідТували Π΄Π²Π° Π²Π°Ρ€Ρ–Π°Π½Ρ‚Π° пластин Π· ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡŽΠ²Π°Ρ‡Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π· піновінілопласта Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½ΠΎΡ— Ρ‰Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ–. Розглянуто Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Ρ‰Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ– Ρ– Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Ρ–ΡˆΠ½ΡŒΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡˆΠ°Ρ€Ρƒ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡŽΠ²Π°Ρ‡Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Ρ–Π½ΠΊΡƒ Ρ‚Π° пошкодТСння ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π°. Π†Π· використанням Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ… Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ–ΡŽ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— довговічності ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²Ρ– втомлСності Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ—Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π²Π½ΡΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π· Ρ–Π· Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»Ρ–Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. Показано, Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ SD 2 Π· Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡŽΠ²Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ— Ρ‰Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ– ΠΌΠ°Ρ” Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆ високі характСристики статичної міцності Ρ– стійкості Ρ‚Π° ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡ— міцності порівняно Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ SD 1 Ρ–Π· Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡŽΠ²Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡˆΠΎΡ— Ρ‰Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ–.The analysis o f stiffness degradation and the identification o f damage mechanisms during and after fatigue tests of sandwich panels with PVC foam cores have been performed. The sandwich panels with cross-ply laminates skins made of glass fiber and epoxy resin were manufactured by vacuum moulding and subjected to three-point bending tests. Two PVC cores of similar type but with differing densities were investigated. The effect o f core density and thickness on the damage behavior was highlighted. Using the cyclic life criterion, fatigue curves were plotted according to two models and compared with those o f the literature. It has been demonstrated that the sandwich SD 2, with the higher core density, withstands a higher load and possesses greater rigidity in static tests, combined with an enhanced fatigue resistance when compared to sandwich SD 1 which has a lower core density
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