1,181 research outputs found
Adaptation by macrophytes to inorganic carbon down a river with naturally variable concentrations of CO2
The productivity and ecological distribution of freshwater plants can be controlled by the availability of inorganic carbon in water despite the existence of different mechanisms to ameliorate this, such as the ability to use bicarbonate. Here we took advantage of a short, natural gradient of CO2 concentration, against a background of very high and relatively constant concentration of bicarbonate, in a spring-fed river, to study the effect of variable concentration of CO2 on the ability of freshwater plants to use bicarbonate. Plants close to the source, where the concentration of CO2 was up to 24-times air equilibrium, were dominated by Berula erecta. pH-drift results and discrimination against 13C were consistent with this and the other species being restricted to CO2 and unable to use the high concentration of bicarbonate. There was some indication from stable 13C data that B. erecta may have had access to atmospheric CO2 at low water levels. In contrast, species downstream, where concentrations of CO2 were only about 5-times air-equilibrium were almost exclusively able to use bicarbonate, based on pH-drift results. Discrimination against 13C was also consistent with bicarbonate being the main source of inorganic carbon for photosynthesis in these species. There was, therefore, a transect downstream from the source of increasing ability to use bicarbonate that closely matched the decreasing concentration of CO2. This was produced largely by altered species composition, but partly by phenotypic changes in individual species
Geometric Phantom Categories
In this paper we give a construction of phantom categories, i.e. admissible
triangulated subcategories in bounded derived categories of coherent sheaves on
smooth projective varieties that have trivial Hochschild homology and trivial
Grothendieck group. We also prove that these phantom categories are phantoms in
a stronger sense, namely, they have trivial K-motives and, hence, all their
higher K-groups are trivial too.Comment: LaTeX, 18 page
The derivation of performance expressions for communication protocols from timed Petri net models
Petri Net models have been extended in a variety of ways and have been used to prove the correctness and evaluate the performance of communication protocols. Several extensions have been proposed to model time. This work uses a form of Timed Petri Nets and presents a technique for symbolically deriving expressions which describe system performance. Unlike past work on performance evaluation of Petri Nets which assumes a priori knowledge of specific time delays, the technique presented here applies to a wide range of time delays so long as the delays satisfy a set of timing constraints. The technique is demonstrated using a simple communication protocol
Stringy K-theory and the Chern character
For a finite group G acting on a smooth projective variety X, we construct
two new G-equivariant rings: first the stringy K-theory of X, and second the
stringy cohomology of X. For a smooth Deligne-Mumford stack Y we also construct
a new ring called the full orbifold K-theory of Y. For a global quotient
Y=[X/G], the ring of G-invariants of the stringy K-theory of X is a subalgebra
of the full orbifold K-theory of the the stack Y and is linearly isomorphic to
the ``orbifold K-theory'' of Adem-Ruan (and hence Atiyah-Segal), but carries a
different, ``quantum,'' product, which respects the natural group grading. We
prove there is a ring isomorphism, the stringy Chern character, from stringy
K-theory to stringy cohomology, and a ring homomorphism from full orbifold
K-theory to Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology. These Chern characters satisfy
Grothendieck-Riemann-Roch for etale maps.
We prove that stringy cohomology is isomorphic to Fantechi and Goettsche's
construction. Since our constructions do not use complex curves, stable maps,
admissible covers, or moduli spaces, our results simplify the definitions of
Fantechi-Goettsche's ring, of Chen-Ruan's orbifold cohomology, and of
Abramovich-Graber-Vistoli's orbifold Chow.
We conclude by showing that a K-theoretic version of Ruan's Hyper-Kaehler
Resolution Conjecture holds for symmetric products.
Our results hold both in the algebro-geometric category and in the
topological category for equivariant almost complex manifolds.Comment: Exposition improved and additional details provided. To appear in
Inventiones Mathematica
Dinitrogen fixation and dissolved organic nitrogen fueled primary production and particulate export during the VAHINE mesocosm experiment (New Caledonia lagoon)
International audienceIn the oligotrophic ocean characterized by nitrate (NO β 3) depletion in surface waters, dinitrogen (N 2) fixation and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) can represent significant nitrogen (N) sources for the ecosystem. In this study, we deployed large in situ mesocosms in New Caledonia in order to investigate (1) the contribution of N 2 fixation and DON use to primary production (PP) and particle export and (2) the fate of the freshly produced particulate organic N (PON), i.e., whether it is preferentially accumulated and recycled in the water column or exported out of the system. The mesocosms were fertilized with phosphate (PO 3β 4) in order to prevent phosphorus (P) limitation and promote N 2 fixation. The diazotrophic community was dominated by diatomβdiazotroph associations (DDAs) during the first part of the experiment for 10 days (P1) followed by the unicel-lular N 2-fixing cyanobacteria UCYN-C for the last 9 days (P2) of the experiment. N 2 fixation rates averaged 9.8 Β± 4.0 and 27.7 Β± 8.6 nmol L β1 d β1 during P1 and P2, respectively. NO β 3 concentrations ( 0.05) during P1 (9.0 Β± 3.3 %) and P2 (12.6 Β± 6.1 %). However, the e ratio that quantifies the efficiency of a system to export particulate organic carbon (POC export) compared to PP (e ratio = POC export / PP) was significantly higher (p 0.05) from the total amount of PON exported (0.10 Β± 0.04 Β΅mol L β1), suggesting a rapid and probably direct export of the recently fixed N 2 by the DDAs. During P2, both PON concentrations and PON export increased in the mesocosms by a factor 1.5β2. Unlike in P1, this PON production was not totally explained by the new N provided by N 2 fixation. The use of DON, whose concentrations decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 5.3 Β± 0.5 Β΅mol L β1 to 4.4 Β± 0.5 Β΅mol L β1 , appeared to be the missing N source. The DON consumption (βΌ 0.9 Β΅mol L β1) during P2 is higher Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 4100 H. Berthelot et al.: Dinitrogen fixation and dissolved organic nitrogen fueled primary production than the total amount of new N brought by N 2 fixation (βΌ 0.25 Β΅mol L β1) during the same period. These results suggest that while DDAs mainly rely on N 2 fixation for their N requirements, both N 2 fixation and DON can be significant N sources for primary production and particulate export following UCYN-C blooms in the New Caledonia lagoon and by extension in the N-limited oceans where similar events are likely to occur
Flexural Fatigue Behavior of Cross-Ply Laminates: An Experimental Approach
Within an experimental approach we describe
the mechanical behavior of different resin-epoxy
laminates reinforced with cross-ply Kevlar
and glass fibers under the conditions of static
and cyclic three-point bending. In static tests,
we consider the effect of stacking sequence, the
thickness of 90Β°-oriented layers, reinforcement
type on the mechanical behavior of laminates
under loading and on realization of various damage
modes leading to rupture. Cyclic loading
studies have been performed in two steps. In
the first stage, we inquire into the dependence
of the behavior and durability of four glass fiber-
reinforced laminate-types on the stacking
sequence; the second stage is devoted to studying
the dependence of cyclic strength and fatigue
behavior of laminates on the
reinforcement type. Fatigue tests are carried out
in load-control regime for glass and hybrid
(Kevlar + glass) fiber laminates. Fatigue curves
are constructed in coordinates βstress - number
of cycles until fractureβ from the criteria corresponding
to a drop in stiffness by 5 and 10%.
Analysis of the results obtained permits evaluation
of the effect of the stacking sequence and
the reinforcement type on the behavior of
cross-ply laminates in cyclic loading. The presence
of Kevlar fibers accounts for nonlinear behavior
of laminates in static tests and for low
cyclic strength in fatigue tests under three-point
bending.Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ²
Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ΅Π²Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π°. ΠΡΠΈ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π² ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½,
ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π², ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠΌ 90Β° ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ². ΠΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π² ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ², Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π° Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ - Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ², Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ
ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ (ΠΊΠ΅Π²Π»Π°Ρ+ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎ). ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²
ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Ρ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ - ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° 5 ΠΈ 10%. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ΅Π²Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π² Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ
ΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π°.Π£ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
Π»Π°ΠΌΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ· ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π· Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ΅Π²Π»Π°ΡΠΎ-
Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈ-
ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π³ΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΄ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌ 90Β° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²
Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π°ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΊΡ Π»Π°ΠΌΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ,
Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·
Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΡΠ². ΠΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΊΡ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΡΠ² Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΌΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠ², Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΡ - Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π°ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°
ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΌΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ
Π½Π° Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΌ βΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π³ΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ (ΠΊΠ΅Π²Π»Π°Ρ + ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎ) Π»Π°ΠΌΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠ². ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ² Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° 5 Ρ 10% Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Ρ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ -
ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ
Π°ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π»Π°ΠΌΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ
Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ΅Π²Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Ρ Π»Π°ΠΌΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Ρ
Π·Π°ΠΏΠ΅Π·ΡΡΡ ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ
Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π³ΠΈΠ½Ρ
Is nasal carriage of the main acquisition pathway for surgical-site infection in orthopaedic surgery?
International audienceThe endogenous or exogenous origin of , responsible for orthopaedic surgical-site infections (SSI), remains debated. We conducted a multicentre prospective cohort study to analyse the respective part of exogenous contamination and endogenous self-inoculation by during elective orthopaedic surgery. The nose of each consecutive patient was sampled before surgery. Strains of isolated from the nose and the wound, in the case of SSI, were compared by antibiotypes or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A total of 3,908 consecutive patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery were included. Seventy-seven patients developed an SSI (2%), including 22 related to (0.6%). was isolated from the nose of 790 patients (20.2%) at the time of surgery. In the multivariate analysis, nasal carriage was found to be a risk factor for SSI in orthopaedic surgery. However, only nine subjects exhibiting SSI had been found to be carriers before surgery: when compared, three pairs of strains were considered to be different and six similar. In most cases of SSI, either an endogenous origin could not be demonstrated or pre-operative nasal colonisation retrieved a strain that was different from the one recovered from the surgical sit
Experimental Analysis of Behavior and Damage of Sandwich Composite Materials in Three-Point Bending. Part 2. Fatigue Test Results and Damage Mechanisms
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΒΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΈΜΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΈΜΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΒ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π° Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΒΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°. Π‘ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΈΜ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΜ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΜ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ SD 2 Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΜ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΜΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΒΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ SD 1 Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΜ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½
ΡΠ· Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ· ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π·
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΡΠ° Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ
Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ²Ρ, ΠΏΡΠ΄Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π³ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ
Π΄Π²Π° Π²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Π· ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π· ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°
ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΊΡ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ
Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΡΠ· Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ
Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ SD 2 Π· Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡ
ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ SD 1 ΡΠ· Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.The analysis o f stiffness degradation and the
identification o f damage mechanisms during and
after fatigue tests of sandwich panels with PVC
foam cores have been performed. The sandwich
panels with cross-ply laminates skins made of
glass fiber and epoxy resin were manufactured
by vacuum moulding and subjected to three-point
bending tests. Two PVC cores of similar type but
with differing densities were investigated. The effect
o f core density and thickness on the damage
behavior was highlighted. Using the cyclic life
criterion, fatigue curves were plotted according
to two models and compared with those o f the literature.
It has been demonstrated that the
sandwich SD 2, with the higher core density, withstands
a higher load and possesses greater rigidity
in static tests, combined with an enhanced
fatigue resistance when compared to sandwich
SD 1 which has a lower core density
Experimental Analysis of Behavior and Damage of Sandwich Composite Materials in Three-Point Bending. Part 2. Fatigue Test Results and Damage Mechanisms
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΒΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΈΜΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΈΜΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΒ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π° Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΒΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°. Π‘ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΈΜ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΜ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΜ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ SD 2 Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΜ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΜΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΒΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ SD 1 Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΜ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½
ΡΠ· Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ· ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π·
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΡΠ° Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ
Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ²Ρ, ΠΏΡΠ΄Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π³ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ
Π΄Π²Π° Π²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Π· ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π· ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°
ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΊΡ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ
Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΡΠ· Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ
Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ SD 2 Π· Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡ
ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ SD 1 ΡΠ· Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.The analysis o f stiffness degradation and the
identification o f damage mechanisms during and
after fatigue tests of sandwich panels with PVC
foam cores have been performed. The sandwich
panels with cross-ply laminates skins made of
glass fiber and epoxy resin were manufactured
by vacuum moulding and subjected to three-point
bending tests. Two PVC cores of similar type but
with differing densities were investigated. The effect
o f core density and thickness on the damage
behavior was highlighted. Using the cyclic life
criterion, fatigue curves were plotted according
to two models and compared with those o f the literature.
It has been demonstrated that the
sandwich SD 2, with the higher core density, withstands
a higher load and possesses greater rigidity
in static tests, combined with an enhanced
fatigue resistance when compared to sandwich
SD 1 which has a lower core density
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