ESPRESSIONE DI MARKERS IMMUNOISTOCHIMICI IN GONADI NORMALI E PATOLOGICHE DI CANE

This study aimed to determine the immunophenotypical characterization of canine Sertoli cells (SCs) and related tumors and canine ovarian neoplasms. In veterinary literature histological and immunohistochemical aspects of canine Sertoli cell tumor (SCT) are poorly investigated and data on normal testes of mature and immature dogs are absent. In human medicine, numerous studies have shown that during maturation from fetal to adult testis, SCs undergo a process of differentiation whereby the expression of some markers is maintained, while other markers disappear and others are acquired. The comparison between the expression of cellular markers in normal and neoplastic testes may make clearer the temporal sequence of markers appearance in the dog, important for understanding the mechanisms underlying their re-expression in disorders of the adult testis. The analogies observed between canine and human species might clarify if the dog could be considered a good animal model for human testicular cancer. To evaluate the expression of Sertoli cell markers in normal and neoplastic canine testes, formalin fixed and paraffin embedded sections of testes from 2 fetuses, 15 newborns (from 0 to 20 days old), 5 puppies (from 43 days to 6 months old), 14 adult dogs and 21 canine SCTs (20 benign and 1 metastatic malignant SCT) were processed for histology and immunohistochemistry (ABC method) with antibodies against vimentin (1:1000), CKAE1/AE3 (1:3000), desmin (1:300), INH \u3b1 (1:40) and AMH (1:30000). Histologically, 13/20 benign SCTs were classified as classical SCTs while 7/20, showing intracytoplasmic vacuoles, were considered \u201clipid rich\u201d. The malignant SCT, largely necrotic, was composed of large cystic tubules lined by numerous layers of poorly-differentiated neoplastic SCs characterized by marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. The mitotic index of the SCTs ranged from 0 to1.6, with the highest value recorded in the malignant SCT. Immunohistologically, vimentin was always expressed by normal SCs from puppies and adults and by all SCTs taken in consideration. On the other hand, only 1 foetus and 4 newborns were positive immunolabelled. INH \u3b1 was present exclusively in fetal and neonatal testes and in 13/21 SCTs, while desmin and CKAE1/AE3 were never present within normal testes but exclusively expressed by 7/21 and 5/21 SCTs, respectively. Finally, AMH was always expressed by foetal and neonatal testes, by the youngest puppies (43-45 days old) and by all the SCTs taken in consideration. We speculate that the expression of CKAE1/AE3, INH \u3b1, desmin and AMH observed in SCTs and not in mature testes may be a manifestation of de-differentiation. In fact, neoplastic SCs re-express foetal and neonatal makers, normally lost with maturation, demonstrating an immature phenotype. The re-expression of immunophenotypical markers of immaturity has been already described in several testicular pathologic conditions and the identification of the mechanisms via which this \u201ccellular reversal maturation\u201d occurs should be further investigated. Regarding ovarian canine epithelial tumours, given the variety of histological features that characterize this lesion and that can cause diagnostic difficulties or misinterpretation, the aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of the marker HBME-1 in canine normal ovaries, granulosa cell tumors, and epithelial ovarian neoplasms to determine whether this marker could be included in an immunohistochemical panel for differential diagnoses of canine ovarian tumors. Samples were obtained from 4 normal ovaries, 10 granulosa cell tumors, and 18 epithelial ovarian tumors. After formalin fixation and paraffin embedding, tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and probed immunohistochemically for the HBME-1 marker. Granulosa cells and related tumors were consistently negative for HBME-1. Normal ovarian surface epithelium and 17 out of 18 ovarian epithelial tumors were positive for HBME-1. The results suggested that HBME-1 would be a useful marker for the differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors in the dog

El rol del control personal en la función paliativa de la justificación del sistema entre la población indígena y no indígena de estudiantes peruanos

Indexación: Scopus.In this article we propose a mediation model for the association between system justification and psychological well-being (i.e., the palliative function of ideology), based on system justification theory and compensatory control theory. Specifically, we argue that endorsing system-justifying beliefs leads to increased perceived personal control, which in turn predicts higher well-being. We used a convenience sample of students from two Peruvian universities. The results showed that system justification was related to general psychological well-being and personal control. In addition, indigenous students rated lower on system justification, general psychological well-being, self-esteem and personal control. Next, we found that the association between system justification and general psychological well-being was stronger among indigenous students, and this relationship was partially mediated by personal control. In addition, we showed that the mediation model is moderated by ethnicity, so that personal control is a mediator only among non-indigenous participants. We conclude that personal control is a mechanism involved in the palliative function of ideology among this group. Finally, we discuss possible explanations for the mechanisms involved in the palliative function of ideology among low-status individuals. © 2018, © 2018 Fundacion Infancia y Aprendizaje.En este artículo se propone un modelo de mediación de las relaciones entre la justificación del sistema y el bienestar psicológico (i.e., la función paliativa de la ideología) basado en las teorías de la justificación del sistema y del control compensatorio. En concreto, se propone que la adopción de creencias justificativas del sistema produce un aumento del control personal percibido que, a su vez, predice niveles más elevados de bienestar. En este estudio se utilizó una muestra por conveniencia de estudiantes provenientes de dos universidades peruanas. Los resultados muestran que la justificación del sistema está relacionada con el bienestar psicológico general y con el control personal. Además, los estudiantes indígenas mostraron niveles más reducidos de justificación del sistema, bienestar psicológico general, autoestima y control personal. También se observó que la relación entre la justificación del sistema y el bienestar psicológico general era más fuerte entre los estudiantes indígenas y que el control personal mediaba parcialmente en esta relación. Asimismo, mostramos que la etnicidad es un factor moderador del modelo de mediación, por lo que el control personal es un mediador únicamente entre los participantes no indígenas. El estudio concluye que el control personal es un mecanismo que interviene en la función paliativa de la ideología en este grupo. Por último, se discuten posibles explicaciones de los mecanismos implicados en la función paliativa de la ideología entre individuos de estatus social bajo.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02134748.2018.153765

Sertoli cell tumour in a pet rabbit: (Oryctolagus cuniculus): historical and immunohistochemical characterization

The present study describes a case of a spontaneous, unilateral Sertoli cell tumour (SCT) in a 6-year-old pet rabbit. The rabbit was presented with a palpable, unilateral, subcutaneous left inguinal mass, consistent with the suspected clinical diagnosis of neoplasia developing within the retained testis in the inguinal canal. The intrascrotal contralateral testis was palpable, but reduced in volume. The rabbit underwent orchiectomy and both the testes were collected, formalin-fixed, and submitted for histopathological examination. Microscopically, the enlarged testis was effaced by an intratubular SCT in which numerous intratubular microliths were evident. The contralateral testis was severely atrophied. Immunohistochemical stains showed neoplastic Sertoli cells that were diffusely positive for vimentin and anti-M\ufcllerian-Hormone and multifocally positive for cytokeratins and desmin. Eighteen months after the surgery, the rabbit showed no clinical signs of disease. This is the first report of a spontaneously occurring rabbit SCT histologically described and immunohistochemically investigated

Receptores de remesas en Centroamérica

Resultados y análisis de una encuesta en Centroamérica sobre receptores de remesas. (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras)Remesas, Bendixem. MIF. FOMIN Remittances

Enviando dinero a América Latina: La cara humana de las remesas

Esta presentación contiene un perfil de los latinoamericanos en los Estados Unidos, España, y Japón que envían remesas a sus países de origen. Incluye estadísticas sobre edad, educación, ingreso anual, país de origen, entre otros datos. Esta presentación fue producida por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y la firma consultora Bendixen & Associates (B&A).Remesas, Ingresos, consumo y ahorro, Migración y migrantes, Remesas

Middle ear cholesteatoma in 11 dogs

Middle ear cholesreatoma is a rare condition in dogs with chronic otitis. Otorrhea, otodinia, and pain on temporomandibular joint palpation are the most common clinical signs. Neurological abnormalities are often detectable. Computed tomography reveals the presence of an expansive and invasive unvascularized lesion involving the tympanic cavity and the bulla, with little or no contrast enhancement after administration of contrast mediu. Video-otoscopy may detect pearly growth or white/yellowish scales in the middle ear cavity. Surgery is the only therapy but is associated with a high risk of recurrence

Relict periglacial soils on Quaternary terraces in the central Ebro Basin (NE Spain)

Pedofeatures associated with ancient cold climatic conditions have been recognized in soils on terraces in the Monegros area (central Ebro Basin, Spain), at a latitude of 41°49′N and an altitude of 300 m a.s.l. Eleven soil profiles were described on fluvial deposits corresponding to the most extensive terrace (T5) of the Alcanadre River, Middle Pleistocene in age (MIS8–MIS7). Each soil horizon was sampled for physical, chemical, mineralogical and micromorphological analyses. Macromorphological features related to pedocryogenic processes were described: involutions, jacked stones, shattered stones, detached and vertically oriented carbonatic pendents, fragmented carbonatic crusts, laminar microstructures, succitic fabric, silt cappings on rock fragments and aggregates, and irregular, broken, discontinuous and deformed gravel and sandy pockets. Accumulations of Fe–Mn oxides, dissolution features on the surface of carbonatic stones, and calcitic accumulations were identified related to vadose–phreatic conditions. The observed periglacial features developed under cold environmental conditions in exceptional geomorphic and hydrological conditions. This soil information may have potential implications in studies of paleoclimate in the Ebro Valley as well as in other Mediterranean areas

Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in dogs from a cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis endemic area of Northwestern Italy : A case study and a retrospective data analysis

BACKGROUND: In Italy, Angiostrongylus vasorum, an emergent parasite, is being diagnosed in dogs from areas considered free of infection so far. As clinical signs are multiple and common to other diseases, its diagnosis can be challenging. In particular, in areas where angiostrongylosis and dirofilariosis overlap, a misleading diagnosis of cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis might occur even on the basis of possible misleading outcomes from diagnostic kits. CASE PRESENTATION: Two Cavalier King Charles spaniel dogs from an Italian breeding in the Northwest were referred to a private veterinary hospital with respiratory signs. A cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis was diagnosed and the dogs treated with ivermectin, but one of them died. At necropsy, pulmonary oedema, enlargement of tracheo-bronchial lymphnodes and of cardiac right side were detected. Within the right ventricle lumen, adults of A. vasorum were found. All dogs from the same kennel were subjected to faecal examination by FLOTAC and Baermann's techniques to detect A. vasorum first stage larvae; blood analysis by Knott's for Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae, and antigenic tests for both A. vasorum (Angio Detect\u2122) and D.immitis (DiroCHEK\uae Heartworm, Witness\uaeDirofilaria). The surviving dog with respiratory signs resulted positive for A. vasorum both at serum antigens and larval detection. Its Witness\uae test was low positive similarly to other four dogs from the same kennel, but false positive results due to cross reactions with A. vasorum were also considered. No dogs were found infected by A. vasorum. Eventually, the investigation was deepened by browsing the pathological database of Veterinary Pathology Laboratories at Veterinary School of Milan University through 1998-2016, where 11 cases of angiostrongylosis were described. Two out of 11 dogs had a mixed infection with Crenosoma vulpis. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the need for accurate surveys to acquire proper epidemiological data on A. vasorum infection in Northwestern Italy and for appropriate diagnostic methods. Veterinary clinicians should be warned about the occurrence of this canine parasite and the connected risk of a misleading diagnosis, particularly in areas endemic for cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis

Metabolic control in a nationally representative diabetic elderly sample in Costa Rica: patients at community health centers vs. patients at other health care settings

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Costa Rica, like other developing countries, is experiencing an increasing burden of chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), especially among its elderly population. This article has two goals: (1) to assess the level of metabolic control among the diabetic population age ≥ 60 years old in Costa Rica, and (2) to test whether diabetic elderly patients of community health centers differ from patients in other health care settings in terms of the level of metabolic control.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data come from the project CRELES, a nationally representative study of people aged 60 and over in Costa Rica. This article analyzes a subsample of 542 participants in CRELES with self-reported diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Odds ratios of poor levels of metabolic control at different health care settings are computed using logistic regressions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Lack of metabolic control among elderly diabetic population in Costa Rica is described as follows: 37% have glycated hemoglobin ≥ 7%; 78% have systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg; 66% have diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg; 48% have triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl; 78% have LDL ≥ 100 mg/dl; 70% have HDL ≤ 40 mg/dl. Elevated levels of triglycerides and LDL were higher in patients of community health centers than in patients of other clinical settings. There were no statistical differences in the other metabolic control indicators across health care settings.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Levels of metabolic control among elderly population with DM in Costa Rica are not that different from those observed in industrialized countries. Elevated levels of triglycerides and LDL at community health centers may indicate problems of dyslipidemia treatment among diabetic patients; these problems are not observed in other health care settings. The Costa Rican health care system should address this problem, given that community health centers constitute a means of democratizing access to primary health care to underserved and poor areas.</p