216 research outputs found
Riding the wheels of change?: Young bike riders and the âcrisis of youthâ in Sierra Leona
En este artĂculo consideramos el conflicto armado (1991-2002) en Sierra Leona como el resultado violento de la âcrisis de la juventudâ (crisis of youth) generada por un estado patrimonial en colapso y las habituales prĂĄcticas de explotaciĂłn por parte de las autoridades tradicionales en las ĂĄreas rurales, que afectaban particularmente a la poblaciĂłn joven procedentes de linajes dĂ©biles. El rĂĄpido aumento en la posguerra del nĂșmero de âmototaxisâ âun sector dominado por excombatientes inmediatamente despuĂ©s de la guerra, pero que ahora emplea a decenas de miles de jĂłvenes â se presenta como un ejemplo de una nueva y espontĂĄnea actividad, mĂĄs basada en la regla del contrato y en los principios igualitarios de los tiempos de guerra que en principios patrimoniales. ÂżPuede ser esta actividad una respuesta que haga frente a los modos organizativos explotadores del periodo anterior a la guerra y a la subsiguiente crisis de la juventud? ÂżO ya estĂĄ siendo corrompida por Ă©sta?In this article we consider the armed conflict (1991-2002) in Sierra Leone as the violent product of a âcrisis of youthâ, generated by a collapsing patrimonial state and exploitative customary practices of traditional authorities in rural areas, affecting young people from weak lineages in particular. Post war, the rapid growth in the number of motorbike taxies â a sector dominated by ex-combatants straight after the war but now employing tens of thousands of ordinary youth â is presented as an example of a new and spontaneous activity, based more on the rule of contract and wartime egalitarian principles than on patrimonial ones. Could this be an answer to pre-war exploitatively organisational modalities and the subsequent crisis of youth, or is it already getting corrupted by it
Acute dystonia due to aripiprazole use in two children with autism spectrum disorder in the first five years of life
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by impairment in social interactions, in verbal and non-verbal communication, and restricted and stereotyped patterns of interest and behavior within the first 3 years of life. Pharmacologic interventions may be needed for the treatment of temper tantrums, aggression, hyperactivity, and stereotypes in children with ASD. The approval of aripiprazole by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) for the treatment of temper tantrums in children and adolescents with ASD has gained increased interest for the use in these patients. Aripiprazole is a partial agonist for the dopamine D2, serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, and an antagonist for 5HT2A receptors. Because aripiprazole is a partial agonist, it has been is speculated that aripiprazole has a protective effect for extrapyramidal side effects, movement disorders, and metabolic problems. But the increased use in children and adolescents is associated with an increase in the number of case reports related with such problems. Nevertheless, our review of the literature uncovered limited data regarding the association between acute dystonia and aripiprazole use in ASD children under five years of age is. In this paper, we present two cases of autistic spectrum disorder children with ages under 5 years that developed acute dystonia taking aripiprazole
UlcÚre de Buruli: éléments déterminant l'itinéraire thérapeutique des personnes atteintes en Afrique : travail de Bachelor
Introduction : LâulcĂšre de Buruli est une maladie entraĂźnant la destruction de la peau et des tissus mous par des ulcĂ©rations Ă©tendues et pouvant mener Ă des dĂ©formations et des incapacitĂ©s permanentes si elle nâest pas prise en charge prĂ©cocement. Objectif : DĂ©terminer ce qui influence positivement et nĂ©gativement les malades vers un traitement biomĂ©dical spĂ©cifique, afin de proposer des outils pouvant mener Ă des soins prĂ©coces. MĂ©thode : Revue de la littĂ©rature qualitative. Deux articles ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©s : un article qualitatif et un article Ă mĂ©thode mixte. Lâanalyse des donnĂ©es a Ă©tĂ© faite suivant la dĂ©marche de synthĂšse thĂ©matique. RĂ©sultats : La synthĂšse thĂ©matique des donnĂ©es extraites nous mĂšne Ă sept thĂšmes analytiques : la banalisation des symptĂŽmes au dĂ©but de la maladie, l'impact physique et psychologique de la maladie comme dĂ©clencheur du recours aux soins, l'influence des tiers, le systĂšme de santĂ©, les obligations socio-Ă©conomiques, les reprĂ©sentations des causes de la maladie et l'envie de guĂ©rir rapidement. Discussion : Nous avons organisĂ© ces thĂšmes analytiques dans une certaine logique chronologique. Deux pĂ©riodes se dĂ©gagent : celle qui prĂ©cĂšde le recours aux soins et celle qui fait suite au premier recours aux soins. Dans chacune de ces pĂ©riodes, les dĂ©terminants de l'itinĂ©raire thĂ©rapeutique sont diffĂ©rents. Conclusion : Les facteurs dĂ©terminant lâitinĂ©raire thĂ©rapeutique sont variĂ©s et forment un systĂšme dâinfluences complexe. De plus, les obstacles au recours aux soins biomĂ©dicaux sont plus importants que les Ă©lĂ©ments facilitateurs. Il est intĂ©ressant de comprendre ce systĂšme, afin dâĂ©tablir des programmes visant Ă rĂ©duire la morbiditĂ© en permettant aux patients et aux personnes Ă risque dâavoir un meilleur contrĂŽle sur leur santĂ©
Thérapie par la contrainte ou thérapie intensive bi-manuelle dans la rééducation des activités bi-manuelles chez les enfants paralysés cérébraux unilatéraux: une revue de la littérature : travail de Bachelor
Introduction : La paralysie cĂ©rĂ©brale est la cause la plus frĂ©quente dâinvaliditĂ© neurologique chez les enfants. Un tiers de ces enfants sont atteints de paralysie cĂ©rĂ©brale unilatĂ©rale, dont le symptĂŽme le plus gĂȘnant est le membre supĂ©rieur dĂ©ficient. RĂ©cemment, de nombreuses thĂ©rapies intensives Ă©mergent, cherchant Ă pallier cette derniĂšre. La plus connue dâentre-elles est la thĂ©rapie par la ontrainte, mais elle prĂ©sente certains inconvĂ©nients, qui pourraient ĂȘtre Ă©vitĂ©s avec une alternative comme la thĂ©rapie intensive bi-manuelle. Objectif : Lâobjectif de ce travail est donc de voir laquelle de ces thĂ©rapies intensives des membres supĂ©rieurs, amĂ©liore le plus les activitĂ©s bi-manuelles chez les enfants paralysĂ©s cĂ©rĂ©braux nilatĂ©raux. MĂ©thode : Nous avons fait nos recherches sur les bases de donnĂ©es Medline via Pubmed, PEDro, Cochrane, Embase et Cinahl avec les mots-clefs suivants : Cerebral Palsy (Mesh Term) AND constraint-induced movement therapy AND bimanual intensive training. Par la suite, nous avons effectuĂ© une recherche manuelle dans la bibliographie des articles sĂ©lectionnĂ©s aprĂšs lecture de titre et dâabstract. La qualitĂ© des articles sĂ©lectionnĂ©s, pour lecture du texte entier, a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e grĂące Ă lâĂ©chelle PEDro, puisque toutes Ă©taient des Ă©tudes randomisĂ©es contrĂŽlĂ©es. RĂ©sultats : Les deux groupes ont amĂ©liorĂ© leurs rĂ©sultats sur lâĂ©chelle du « assisting hand assessment » de maniĂšre statistiquement significative. Il nây a pas eu de diffĂ©rence intergroupe notable. Ces amĂ©liorations sont maintenues au long-terme (6mois, 1an). Conclusion : Les deux thĂ©rapies entrainent une amĂ©lioration Ă©quivalente de la capacitĂ© Ă effectuer des activitĂ©s bi-manuelles. LâintensitĂ© semble donc ĂȘtre lâĂ©lĂ©ment clef de ces traitements. Le choix de lâune ou lâautre se fera donc plutĂŽt par rapport Ă dâautres facteurs internes et/ou externes, qui doivent ĂȘtre Ă©tudiĂ©s de maniĂšre plus approfondie. Comme la tolĂ©rance de la contrainte ou la disponibilitĂ© des thĂ©rapeutes, par exemple
Catastrophic futures, anxious presents: lifestyle activism and hope in the permaculture movement in Turkey
This thesis presents a critical exploration of the permaculture movement in Turkey from various interlocking angles. An ecological landscape design system that functions with the ethical values of caring for people and for Earth as well as sharing the surplus, permaculture was introduced in Australia in the 1970s, and became a worldwide movement which refrains from using a political language despite its ultimate desire to establish a âglobal alternative nationâ that consists of ecological and self-sufficient communities. Through ethnographic fieldwork with permaculture groups, I explore the reflections of this movement and its post-ideological language in the post-coup neoliberal context in Turkey. I first describe the process of becoming a permaculturist through the narratives of my interlocutors who are mostly educated, middle and uppermiddle class urbanites. Exploring how their consumer habitus shifts to an ecological habitus, I argue that this transformation is already enabled by the privileged positions occupied by permaculturists in society. I then evaluate the lifestyle strategies that they employ to enact change in the world, and I claim that the conception of social change in permaculture replicates Bourdieuâs theory of practice. I then examine the post-political nature of permaculture and discuss its transformative potential. Finally, I turn to the catastrophic scenarios that circulate among permaculturists about the future of the Earth, and argue that permaculturists produce two forms of hope, anxious hope and catastrophic hope, the interaction of which places hope both in the present and the future
Wie kann die Weiterbildung «Kita-MOVE» erfolgreich in der Praxis umgesetzt werden? : eine Analyse der Weiterbildung «Kita-MOVE» anhand eines FokusgruppengesprÀchs mit Fachpersonen
Einleitung: Diese Bachelorarbeit befasst sich mit der mit Weiterbildung âKita-MOVEâ, die sich an Fachpersonen aus dem FrĂŒhbereich richtet und verschiedene dialogische Methoden beinhaltet, welche die Kommunikation zwischen Fachpersonen und (schwer erreichbaren) Eltern erleichtern sollen.
Ziel: Mit dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, inwiefern ein Transfer von theoretischen Inhalten der Weiterbildung in die berufliche Praxis erfolgen kann.
Methode: Eine qualitative Datenerhebung erfolgte mittels FokusgruppengesprĂ€ch und Kurzinterviews mit vier Absolventinnen der Weiterbildung. ZusĂ€tzlich wurde eine selektive Literaturrecherche durchgefĂŒhrt, die mögliche Parallelen zwischen Motivierender GesprĂ€chsfĂŒhrung und der Positiven Psychologie in klinischen Settings untersuchte und Meta-Studien einschloss.
Ergebnisse: Die meisten vermittelten Kommunikationsmodelle und -strategien waren neu fĂŒr die Fachpersonen. Die Fachpersonen binden nun regelmĂ€ssig vereinzelte Modelle und Strategien in die GesprĂ€chsfĂŒhrung mit Eltern ein. Die Analyse der Meta-Studien ergab, dass die Positive Psychologie und die Motivierende GesprĂ€chsfĂŒhrung ĂŒber wirksame AnsĂ€tze zur Verbesserung von psychischen und physischen Symptomen verfĂŒgen.
Schlussfolgerungen: Die Partizipation von Teilnehmenden ist ein entscheidender Faktor fĂŒr den Erfolg und die Weiterentwicklung der âKita-MOVEâ Weiterbildung. Die Nutzung von interprofessionellen Austauschplattformen könnten den Transfer und die Multiplikation von theoretischen Inhalten in die Praxis erleichtern
Fluid intake and changes in limb volumes in male ultra-marathoners: does fluid overload lead to peripheral oedema?
An increase in body mass due to oedema has been previously described. The aim of this study was to investigate a potential association between both fluid and electrolyte intake and the formation of peripheral oedemas. Fluid and electrolyte intakes and the changes in limb volumes in 50 male 100-km ultra-marathoners were measured. Pre- and post-race serum sodium concentration ([Na+]), serum aldosterone concentration, serum copeptin concentration, serum and urine osmolality and body mass were determined. Fluid intake, renal function parameters and urinary output, as well as the changes of volume in the extremities, were measured. The changes of volume in the limbs were measured using plethysmography. Serum [Na+] increased by 1.6%; body mass decreased by 1.9kg. Serum copeptin and aldosterone concentrations were increased. The change in serum copeptin concentration and the change in serum [Na+] correlated positively; the change in serum [Na+] and body mass correlated negatively. A mean fluid intake of 0.58L/h was positively related to running speed and negatively to post-race serum [Na+]. Total fluid intake was positively related to the changes in both arm and lower leg volumes. Running speed was positively associated with the changes in arm and lower leg volumes; race time was related to the changes in serum copeptin or aldosterone concentrations. To conclude, fluid intake was related to the changes in limb volumes, where athletes with an increased fluid intake developed an increase in limb volume
Decision support for the selection of reference sites using 137Cs as a soil erosion tracer
The classical approach of using 137Cs as a soil erosion tracer is based on the comparison between stable reference sites and sites affected by soil redistribution processes; it enables the derivation of soil erosion and deposition rates. The method is associated with potentially large sources of uncertainty with major parts of this uncertainty being associated with the selection of the reference sites. We propose a decision support tool to Check the Suitability of reference Sites (CheSS). Commonly, the variation among 137Cs inventories of spatial replicate reference samples is taken as the sole criterion to decide on the suitability of a reference inventory. Here we propose an extension of this procedure using a repeated sampling approach, in which the reference sites are resampled after a certain time period. Suitable reference sites are expected to present no significant temporal variation in their decay-corrected 137Cs depth profiles. Possible causes of variation are assessed by a decision tree. More specifically, the decision tree tests for (i) uncertainty connected to small-scale variability in 137Cs due to its heterogeneous initial fallout (such as in areas affected by the Chernobyl fallout), (ii) signs of erosion or deposition processes and (iii) artefacts due to the collection, preparation and measurement of the samples; (iv) finally, if none of the above can be assigned, this variation might be attributed to "turbation" processes (e.g. bioturbation, cryoturbation and mechanical turbation, such as avalanches or rockfalls). CheSS was exemplarily applied in one Swiss alpine valley where the apparent temporal variability called into question the suitability of the selected reference sites. In general we suggest the application of CheSS as a first step towards a comprehensible approach to test for the suitability of reference sites
Frailty as a Predictor of Poor Rehabilitation Outcomes among Older Patients Attending a Geriatric Day Hospital Program: An Observational Study.
BACKGROUND
The Geriatric Day Hospital (GDH) is an important outpatient geriatric service, but there are few data on the role of frailty as a potential predictor of poor outcomes in this setting.
METHODS
Data were analyzed from 499 patients aged â„ 60 years attending a 12-week GDH program between 2018 and 2021. Frailty status was defined as non-frail (68, 13.6%), mild/moderate frailty (351, 70.3%), and severe frailty (80, 16.0%) based on the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Outcomes were defined as (1) poor outcome (hospital readmission, death, or medical deterioration) during the program and (2) admission to permanent nursing home care upon completion of the program. Multivariate logistic models were used for predictive analyses.
RESULTS
The mean age was 80.3 (standard deviation 7.0); 58.3% were women. Overall, 77 patients (15.4%) had a poor outcome, and 48 (9.6%) were admitted to permanent nursing home care. Poor outcome was experienced by none of the non-frail patients (0%), by 49 (14.0%) patients with mild/moderate frailty, and 22 (27.5%) patients with severe frailty (adjusted OR, 2.0; 95% CI 1.3, 3.2; p < 0.01). Admission to a permanent nursing home care was experienced by none of the non-frail patients (0%), 20 (5.7%) of those with mild/moderate frailty, and 28 (35.0%) with severe frailty (adjusted OR, 2.9; 95% CI 1.3, 6.3; p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The CFS is a promising risk predictor of poor outcome and admission to permanent nursing home discharge among older patients attending a GDH program
Simplified Bioprinting-Based 3D Cell Culture Infection Models for Virus Detection
Studies of virusâhost interactions in vitro may be hindered by biological characteristics of conventional monolayer cell cultures that differ from in vivo infection. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures show more in vivo-like characteristics and may represent a promising alternative for characterisation of infections. In this study, we established easy-to-handle cell culture platforms based on bioprinted 3D matrices for virus detection and characterisation. Different cell types were cultivated on these matrices and characterised for tissue-like growth characteristics regarding cell morphology and polarisation. Cells developed an in vivo-like morphology and long-term cultivation was possible on the matrices. Cell cultures were infected with viruses which differed in host range, tissue tropism, cytopathogenicity, and genomic organisation and virus morphology. Infections were characterised on molecular and imaging level. The transparent matrix substance allowed easy optical monitoring of cells and infection even via live-cell microscopy. In conclusion, we established an enhanced, standardised, easy-to-handle bioprinted 3D-cell culture system. The infection models are suitable for sensitive monitoring and characterisation of virusâhost interactions and replication of different viruses under physiologically relevant conditions. Individual cell culture models can further be combined to a multicellular array. This generates a potent diagnostic tool for propagation and characterisation of viruses from diagnostic samples.Peer Reviewe
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