Revisão taxonômica do complexo Dyckia selloa (Bromeliaceae, Pitcairnioideae) baseada em caracteres morfológicos

Dentre as espécies do gênero Dyckia stricto sensu que ocorrem nos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina (sul do Brasil), algumas são aqui apresentadas como formando um complexo de espécies, o complexo D. selloa. Outrora algumas dessas espécies foram consideradas em um gênero distinto (Prionophyllum) ou tidas como pertencentes a complexos com outros nomes. No capítulo I é apresentada uma investigação histórica sobre os tratamentos taxonômicos de Dyckia e das espécies do complexo estudado. Vistos problemas na taxonomia do gênero, e a necessidade de elucidação e maior detalhamento de algumas estruturas, sob viés de uso como caracteres morfológicos em Dyckia, no capítulo II são apresentados como objetivos desta dissertação: investigar, descrever e discutir caracteres morfológicos convencionalmente e não convencionalmente utilizados na taxonomia de Dyckia, com ênfase nas espécies do complexo D. selloa; circunscrever e descrever morfologicamente o complexo D. selloa e suas espécies; e apresentar uma revisão taxonômico-nomenclatural das espécies inseridas no complexo D. selloa. No capítulo III são apresentados os materiais e métodos e, no capítulo IV, o estudo sobre caracteres elencados como importantes, com ênfase nas espécies do complexo D. selloa. Foram abordados os caracteres relacionados a: lâminas foliares e espinhos; indumento das lâminas foliares; inflorescência: origem, arquitetura e tipologia; esporidade das flores; pedicelos; forma das flores; forma das pétalas; indumento no perianto; androceu e tubo pétalo-estamínico; rudimentos seminais; estigma; e semente. O capítulo V consiste em uma revisão taxonômico-nomenclatural para o complexo D. selloa, considerando para esse quatro subcomplexos baseados nos caracteres morfológicos estudados. O subcomplexo D. agudensis incluindo duas espécies, o subcomplexo D. selloa incluindo 5 spp., o subcomplexo D. tomentosa incluindo 7 spp. e o subcomplexo D. maritima incluindo também 7 spp., assim incluindo no complexo o total de 21 spp., das quais 8 são novas para a ciência. São apresentadas chaves de identificação para os subcomplexos e espécies, cabeçalhos nomenclaturais, diagnoses, descrições morfológicas, dados de fenologia, distribuição geográficas e habitat, mapas de distribuição geográfica e figuras incluindo foto-, fotomacro- e fotomicrografias para todas espécies tratadas (exceto D. macracantha, que é reestabelecida, porém considerada species dubiae).Among the species of the genus Dyckia stricto sensu that occur in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina (southern Brazil), some are presented here as forming a complex of species, the D. selloa complex. In the past, some of these species were considered to be in a distinct genus (Prionophyllum) or taken to belong to complexes with other names. In chapter I we present a historical investigation on the taxonomic treatments of Dyckia and the species in the studied complex. Having seen problems in the taxonomy of the genus, and the need for elucidation and greater detailing of some structures, under the bias of use as morphological characters in Dyckia, in chapter II we present the objectives of this dissertation: to investigate, describe and discuss morphological characters not conventionally used in Dyckia taxonomy, with emphasis on species of the D. selloa complex; circumscribe and morphologically describe the D. selloa complex and its species; and present a taxonomic-nomenclatural review of the species included in this complex. In chapter III we present the materials and methods and, in chapter IV, the study of characters listed as important, with emphasis on species of the D. selloa complex. We approached the characters related to: leaf blades and spines; leaf blades indumentum; origin, architecture and typology of the inflorescence; spority of flowers; pedicels; shape of flowers; petal shape; indument in perianth; androecium and petal-staminic tube; seminal rudiments; stigma; and seed. Chapter V presents a taxonomicnomenclatural review for the D. selloa complex, considering four subcomplexes based on the studied morphological characters. The D. agudensis subcomplex including two species, the D. selloa subcomplex including 5 spp., the D. tomentosa subcomplex including 7 spp., and the D. maritima subcomplex also including 7 spp., thus including in the complex a total of 21 spp., of which 8 are new for science. Identification keys for subcomplexes and species, nomenclature headings, diagnosis, morphological descriptions, phenology data, geographic distribution and habitat, geographic distribution maps and photo-, photomacro- and photomicrographic figures for all treated species are presented (except D. macracantha, which is reestablished, however considered species dubiae)

Taxonomic novelties in Southern Brazilian Amaryllidaceae – II: Zephyranthes comunelloi a new species from Santa Catarina; and lectotypification of Zephyranthes mesochloa Herb. Ex Lindl.

Zephyranthes comunelloi, a new species of Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllidoideae, Hippeastreae) that occurs in grasslands of the central-western region of Santa Catarina (Brazil) is described and illustrated. Data are provided on their habitat, ecology and geographic distribution. The new species shows morphological affinity with Z. gratissima and Z. mesochloa; differing basically in the shape of the leaves, size and color of the tepals and position of the style. We have also proposed here a lectotype for Z. mesochloa

Desambiguação taxonômico-nomenclatural e tipificação das espécies do grupo Sealyana (Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllidoideae), e seus sinônimos

É fornecida uma revisão nomenclatural dos táxons do grupo Sealyana e propostas tipificações. Este grupo é constituído por dois gêneros monoespecíficos, Eithea (E. blumenavia) e Eusarcops (E. reticulata), sendo que neste artigo é proposto o restabelecimento do último. São discutidas as relações morfológicas e filogenéticas dos táxons deste grupo dentre as Hippeastrinae, apresentando-se uma chave para identificação dos gêneros desta subtribo que ocorrem no Brasil

Taxonomic novelties in Southern Brazilian Amaryllidaceae – IV: Hippeastrum correiense (Bury) Worsley, the correct name of the famous H. morelianum Lem.; and H. verdianum, a new species from Santa Catarina.

In this article, Hippeastrum verdianum, a new species of Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllidoideae, Hippeastreae), which occurs in rocky cliffs in Santa Catarina (Brazil), is described and illustrated. Data are provided on their habitat, ecology and geographical distribution. The new species shows morphological affinity with H. correiense and H. papilio. In order to establish a consistent argumentative basis for the description of the new species, we clarify the taxonomic identity of H.  correiense, proposing lectotypes for it as well as other binomials that we consider as synonyms.In this article, Hippeastrum verdianum, a new species of Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllidoideae, Hippeastreae), which occurs in rocky cliffs in Santa Catarina (Brazil), is described and illustrated. Data are provided on their habitat, ecology and geographical distribution. The new species shows morphological affinity with H. correiense and H. papilio. In order to establish a consistent argumentative basis for the description of the new species, we clarify the taxonomic identity of H. correiense, proposing lectotypes for it as well as other binomials that we consider as synonyms

The genus Tocantinia (Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllidoideae) and two new species from Brazil

A synopsis of the genus Tocantinia is provided, with two new species being described and illustrated: T. dutilhiana and T. stigmovittata. Descriptions, illustrations and data on etymology, ecology, conservation status, distribution and habitat of the species are provided. The taxonomic placement of the genus in morphological and phylogenetic aspects is discussed

Taxonomic novelties in Southern Brazilian Amaryllidaceae – III: Hippeastrum multiflorum, a new species from Rio Grande do Sul

Hippeastrum multiflorum is an endemic saxicolous new species from Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. It is described, illustrated, and data about its geographic distribution and ecology are provided. The new species has morphological affinity with H. sanctaecatharinae and H. ramboi

Uma nova espécie reófita de Dyckia (Bromeliaceae, Pitcairnioideae) para a flora do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

A new saxicolous and rheophytic species of Bromeliaceae (Pitcairnioideae), Dyckia strehliana H. Büneker & R. Pontes, is described and illustrated.  Data are provided about its phenology, habitat, geographic distribution and morphological affinities. An identification key to rheophytic species of Dyckia from southern Brazil is also presented.Uma nova espécie saxícola e reófita de Bromeliaceae (Pitcairnioideae), Dyckia strehliana H. Büneker & R. Pontes, é descrita e ilustrada. São fornecidos dados de sua fenologia, hábitat, distribuição geográfica, afinidades morfológicas e é apresentada uma chave para identificação das espécies reófitas sul brasileiras de Dyckia

Campos e florestas no curso médio do rio Toropi, Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Retrato de um admirável patrimônio ameaçado

É analisada a vegetação campestre e florestal na região do curso médio do rio Toropi, no centro do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, confirmando-se a existência de diversas espécies endêmicas, raras e/ou ameaçadas de extinção. Dada a importância desse patrimônio florístico e natural, conclui-se que a construção das centrais hidrelétricas previstas exige a criação de uma unidade de conservação para preservar os ecossistemas remanescentes

12,500+ and counting: biodiversity of the Brazilian Pampa

Knowledge on biodiversity is fundamental for conservation strategies. The Brazilian Pampa region, located in subtropical southern Brazil, is neglected in terms of conservation, and knowledge of its biodiversity is fragmented. We aim to answer the question: how many, and which, species occur in the Brazilian Pampa? In a collaborative effort, we built species lists for plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi that occur in the Brazilian Pampa. We included information on distribution patterns, main habitat types, and conservation status. Our study resulted in referenced lists totaling 12,503 species (12,854 taxa, when considering infraspecific taxonomic categories [or units]). Vascular plants amount to 3,642 species (including 165 Pteridophytes), while algae have 2,046 species (2,378 taxa) and bryophytes 316 species (318 taxa). Fungi (incl. lichenized fungi) contains 1,141 species (1,144 taxa). Animals total 5,358 species (5,372 taxa). Among the latter, vertebrates comprise 1,136 species, while invertebrates are represented by 4,222 species. Our data indicate that, according to current knowledge, the Pampa holds approximately 9% of the Brazilian biodiversity in an area of little more than 2% of Brazil’s total land The proportion of species restricted to the Brazilian Pampa is low (with few groups as exceptions), as it is part of a larger grassland ecoregion and in a transitional climatic setting. Our study yielded considerably higher species numbers than previously known for many species groups; for some, it provides the first published compilation. Further efforts are needed to increase knowledge in the Pampa and other regions of Brazil. Considering the strategic importance of biodiversity and its conservation, appropriate government policies are needed to fund studies on biodiversity, create accessible and constantly updated biodiversity databases, and consider biodiversity in school curricula and other outreach activitie