Hippeastrum multiflorum is an endemic saxicolous new species from Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. It is described, illustrated, and data about its geographic distribution and ecology are provided. The new species has morphological affinity with H. sanctaecatharinae and H. ramboi

Assis, Lucas Coelho de

Büneker, Henrique Mallmann

Soares, Kelen Pureza

Witeck-Neto, Leopoldo

Pureza Soares, Kelen

Coelho de Assis, Lucas

Witeck Neto, Leopoldo

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Taxonomic novelties in Southern Brazilian Amaryllidaceae – III: Hippeastrum multiflorum, a new species from Rio Grande do Sul

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria: Portal de Periódicos Eletrônicos da UFSM

34TAXONOMIC NOVELTIES IN SOUTHERN BRAZILIANAMARYLLIDACEAE – III: HIPPEASTRUM MULTIFLORUM, A NEW SPECIESFROM RIO GRANDE DO SUL1HENRIQUE MALLMANN BÜNEKER2  KELEN PUREZA SOARES3LUCAS COELHO DE ASSIS4 LEOPOLDO WITECK-NETO5ABSTRACTHippeastrum multiflorum is an endemic saxicolous new species from Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Itis described, illustrated, and data about its geographic distribution and ecology are provided. The new specieshas morphological affinity with H. sanctaecatharinae and H. ramboi.Keywords: Taxonomy, Monocot, Amaryllidoideae, Hippeastreae, HippeastrinaeRESUMO[Novidades taxonômicas em Amaryllidaceae sul-brasileiras – III: Hippeastrum multiflorum, uma nova espé-cie para o Rio Grande do Sul].Hippeastrum multiflorum é uma nova espécie saxícola endêmica do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil. Ela éaqui descrita e ilustrada, sendo fornecidos dados sobre sua distribuição geográfica e ecologia. A nova espé-cie é morfologicamente relacionada com H. sanctaecatharinae e H. ramboi.Palavras-chave: Taxonomia, Monocotiledônea, Amaryllidoideae, Hippeastreae, Hippeastrinae1 Recebido em 03-IX-2018 e aceito para publicação em24-IX-2018.2 Técnico em Paisagismo e acadêmico do curso deEngenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de SantaMaria. henriquemallmannbuneker@googlemail.com3 Engenheiro Florestal e Mestre em Engenharia Florestal,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. kpso-ares@gmail.com4 Biólogo - Baden-Württembergisches Brasilien-Zentrumder Universität Tübingen. cycnoches@gmail.com5 Engenheiro Florestal, Mestre em Engenharia Florestal,Professor do Colégio Politécnico da UniversidadeFederal de Santa Maria. lwiteck@gmail.comBALDUINIA, n. 64, p. 34-41, 04-XI-2018INTRODUCTIONAmong the 14 accepted genera of Ama-ryllidaceae Saint-Hilaire (1805: 134) occurringnaturally in Brazil, five are endemic (e.g.Cearanthes Ravenna (2000: 11), EitheaRavenna (2002: 2), Griffinia Ker Gawler (1820:t. 444), Tocantinia Ravenna (2000: 9) andWorsleya (Watson ex Traub) Traub (1944: 89)).Among the 145 species cited for this country,67 are endemic. The high number of species isassociated with each of the most diverseBrazilian phytogeographic units. If we apply thebiomes delimitations to understand the speciesdistribution, for example, 32 spp. occur in theCerrado, 8 spp. occur in the Amazon, 19 spp.occur in the Caatinga, 3 spp. occur in the Panta-nal, 78 spp. occur in the Atlantic Rain Forestand 33 spp. occur in the Pampa (Flora do Brasil2020 under construction; Büneker et al., 2016;Büneker & Bastian, 2016; 2017; 2018).A significant variety of vegetationphysiognomies occurs in the Rio Grande do Sulstate, from forest to field. The Pampa Biome ischaracterized mainly by fields formationswhich, in Brazil, can only be found in this state.The Amaryllidaceae diversity in the Pampabiome is one of the richest, especially if we lookat the number of species by territorial area.Therefore, is not surprising that Rio Grande doSul is the Brazilian state with the largest numberof Amaryllidaceae species: 46, correspondingto 31.7% of the country’s species. In this state,there are eight Amaryllidoideae Burnett (1835:446) genera (e.g. Crinum Linnaeus (1753: 291),with 1 spp.; Habranthus Herbert (1824: t 2464),with 7 spp.; Haylockia Herbert (1830: 1371),with 1 sp.; Hippeastrum Herbert (1821: 31),with 9 spp.; Rhodophiala Presl (1845: 545), withhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2358198035736351 sp. and Zephyranthes Herbert (1821: 36), with8 spp.) and three Allioideae Herbert (1837: 48)genera (e.g. Beauverdia Herter (1943: 507), with2 spp.; Ipheion Rafinesque (1836: 12) with 2spp. and Nothoscordum Kunth (1843: 457), with13 spp.) (Flora of Brazil 2020 underconstruction; Büneker et al., 2016, Büneker &Bastian, 2016, 2017, 2018, Hurrell et al., 2009;Hurrell & Delucchi, 2009).Despite the great importance of the BrazilianAmarylidaceae in the horticultural, agronomicaland ethnobotanical aspects, the taxonomicknowledge about this botanical family is stillincipient in this country. If we focus on southernBrazil in the last decade, for example, the onlystudies about the taxonomy and nomenclatureof this botanical family were Büneker & Bastian,2016; 2017; 2018. Further extending the list oftaxonomic novelties for the southern BrazilianAmaryllidaceae (Büneker & Bastian, 2017;2018), we hereby present a new species,Hippeastrum multiflorum, which remainedobscure to science so far, despite its conspicuoushabit, relative abundance and wide occurrencein the Rio Grande do Sul state.MATERIAL AND METHODSSpecimens were collected for laboratorystudy, cultivation and herborization. The livingspecimens were included in the living collectionof botanical garden of Colégio Politécnico daUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria (SantaMaria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Themorphological variation of this new species wasobserved in habitat, in cultivatation and herbaria.The terminology used in the description followsBüneker et al. (2016) with adaptations. The dataon related species was obtained in the originaldescriptions and herbaria collections of HAS,HDCF, ICN, MBM, PACA, RB, SMDB; anddigital collections of B, K, MO, NY, P, UEC,US; with acronyms according to Thiers (2013).The photographs were taken from plants in na-tural habitat and in cultivation and the drawingswere based on living material. The points onthe map represent populations and were obtainedthrough expeditions and photographic reportsfrom other researchers. For the elaboration ofthe map we used the UTM projection systemand Datum SIRGAS 2000.TAXONOMYHippeastrum multiflorum Büneker, K. Soa-res & L.C. Assis, sp. nov., (Figs. 1 A–C, 2 A–G). Species morphologice proxima Hippeastroramboi et Hippeastro sanctaecatharinae. A pri-ma differt foliis dilatatis in floratione (vs.absentes), nervaturis inconspicuis (vs.conspicuae), colore rubescenti vel aeriiginosoet fortiter pruinosis (vs. galbina, glabra velsparse pruinosa), inflorescentia usque ad 13 flo-res (vs. usque ad 8 flores), floribus cumpedicellis usque ad 11.5 cm longis (vs. usquead 8 cm longis), tepalis rubro-aurantiaceis (vs.rubicunda), et maculis carmineis absentibus velparum salientibus (vs. maculae coloris carmineisemper evidentes), paraperigonio fimbriisconicis, regulariter dispositis, base connatis (vs.fimbriae forma dispositioneque irregulari, inglomeris intermissis) et lobis stigmaticis usquead 10 mm longis (vs. usque ad 4 mm longi). AH. sanctaecatharinae differt pseudocolis usquead 7 cm longis (vs. usque ad 10 cm longi), colo-re rubescenti vel aeriiginoso foliorum, fortiterpruinoso (vs. viridula, glabra vel sparsepruinosa), floribus pedicellis usque ad 11.5 cmlongis (vs. usque ad 4.5 cm longis), tepalis minusrosatis, rubro-aurantiacei (vs. rubicunda) etparaperigonio multis fimbriis usque ad 3 mmlongis (vs. paucae fimbriae usque ad 1.5 mmlongae).Type: BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: SãoMartinho da Serra, em escarpa rochosa às mar-gens do rio Guassupi, próximo ao Salto doGuassupi, 23 May 2015, fl. cult. 4 March 2016,H.M. Büneker 489, R.C. Pontes & L. Witeck(holotype HDCF!).Herb geophyte, saxicolous, forming largeagglomerations, 28–73 cm tall when flowering.Bulb globose, 6–9.5 cm diam., brown;pseudocolo 1–7 cm long, brown. Leaves 5–9,annual, present during flowering, linear, 20–7236FIGURE 1 – Hippeastrum multiflorum Büneker, K. Soares & L.C. Assis (H.M. Büneker 489 et al.). A – Habit fertile. B– Inflorescence. C – Longitudinal cut of the flower.37 FIGURE 2 – Hippeastrum multiflorum Büneker, K. Soares & L.C. Assis (A and G - K.P. Soares s.n.; B and C - L. Witecks.n. et al.; D-F - H.M. Büneker 489 et al.). A – Habitat. B-C – Habit in habitat. D – Detail of bulb. E – Detail of the leaveswhen flowery. F – Inflorescence bracts detail. G – Inflorescence seen from above.38× 2.3–6.1 cm, keeled, ribbed with ca. 41inconspicuous nerves, reddish to dark green orverdigris color, heavily pruinose, marginsreddish, apex obtuse-rounded. Inflorescence 6–11(–13) flowered; scape subcylindrical, hollow,25–68 × 1.2–2.8 cm, compressed and reddish atthe base, reddish-green in the apical portion,pruinose; bracts 2, free, strongly reflexed duringanthesis, narrow-elliptic, 2–3.1 × 5–6.5 cm,becoming papiraceous, apex cucullate;bracteoles present, narrow-triangular to linear,2–4.2 × 0.2–0.3 cm, becoming papiraceous.Flower suberect to patent, pedicellate; pedicelsubcylindrical, 4.2–11.5 × 0.27–0.3 cm, reddish-green, pruinose; hypanthium 0.2–0.56 cm long,externally greenish in the basal portion,yellowish-reddish in the upper portion; perigoneslightly zygomorphic, infundibuliform; tepalssubequel, narrow-elliptic to oblanceolate,suberect, slightly arched, up to 7 cm long, freeabove the hypanthium, red-orange, with 7–12barely visible nerves with slightly darkercoloration, adaxial face with centerlongitudinally discolored in a form of white lineper 1/3 of the basal portion, abaxial face withcenter longitudinal nervuration in form of a crassline greenish in base; tepals of the external whorlthe upper one 1.3–2.3 cm width, lateral ones 1–2.2 cm width, apex patent-reflex, obtuse-apiculate or rounded-apiculate; tepals of theinternal whorl the lower one 0.8–1.5 cm width,witch apex erect, lateral ones 0.9–1.7 cm width,apex obtuse-rounded patent-reflex;paraperigone of white fimbriae up to 3 mm long,regularly arranged, connate in the base for 1.5mm, forming a ring; fimbriaes with narrowconical shape, ca. 0.2 mm width; filamentsdeclinate-ascending, cylindrical, 2.4–4.6 cmlong, white in the base, red in median-upperportion, adnate to the tepals for ca. 1 mm abovehypanthium; anthers versatile, ca. 1 cm long;ovary trigonous, externally greenish or reddish-green, 0.5–1.1 long, 0.5–0.7 cm diam.; ovuleswith axillary placentation, biseriate, subdiscoid;stylus declinate-ascending, 4.5–6.2 cm long;stigma trifid; stigma lobes oblong-linear, erectto patent at anthesis, ca. 0.7–1 × 0.3–0.5 cm,white-reddish surface, apex swollen, reflexed.Capsules with three protrusions, green-reddish;seeds flat, subdiscoid, black.Specimens examined (paratypes): BRAZIL.Rio Grande do Sul: Passa Sete, Pitingal, 18February 2015, J. Schaefer 365 (SMDB).Phenology: The flowering of H. multiflorumseems to be stimulated by high temperaturefluctuations. In Rio Grande do Sul, this thermalamplitude occurs mainly from late summer untilthe winter, which makes the flowering anepisode that occurs for a long period and canvary greatly in time, depending on the annualclimate. Flowering populations were observedfrom February to August. Regionalmicroclimatic issues affect the flowering periodof distinct populations, and this species maydiverge from its flowering period in a fewmonths, from year to year. Due to its largenumber of flowers, floral anthesis occurs ondifferent days, and flowering takes about threeweeks. The first flowers to open usually havebeen fertilized when the laggards are in full pre-flower. The floral anthesis on different daysseems to be a strategy that favours geneticdiversity, since it avoids endogamy. Thecapsules open from late fall to spring. The leavesdevelop during flowering (or sometimes beforeinflorescence) and dry from middle to latesummer.Etymology: The specific epithet “multiflorum”refers to the large number of flowers, possiblythis is the species of Hippeastrum with thegreatest number of flowers (up to 13).Distribution, Habitat and Ecology:Hippeastrum multiflorum is a heliophyte andsaxicolous species that grows only in the RioGrande do Sul state (central-western plateau)(Fig. 3), along the rocky escarpments orientedto the north side. It is generally associated withbasaltic rocks (Figure 2 A and B) but it can grows39in escarpments of sedimentary rocks, likesandstone (southwestern populations).Populations of this species are usuallysurrounded by forest vegetation (seasonalAtlantic Rain Forest). The highest individualsconcentrations can be found next to middlecourse of the Toropi River and its tributaries.These populations are threatened by theconstruction of hydroelectric dams (SHPs) thatwill flood them (Marchiori et al., 2014; Büneker& Witeck-Neto, 2016).We located about 30 populations of H.multiflorum. The number of individuals, withthe exception of the populations of the ToropiRiver, usually does not have more than 50individuals. The species was located in 17municipalities: Agudo, Candelária, Faxinal doSoturno, Itaara, Ivorá, Jari, Júlio de Castilhos,Nova Palma, Paraiso do Sul, Passa Sete,Quevedos, Santa Maria, São João do Polêsne,São Martinho da Serra, São Pedro do Sul,Silveira Martins and Toropi.Taxonomic observations: Hippeastrummultiflorum is morphologically related to H.ramboi R. Bastian & Büneker (2017: 3) and H.sanctaecatharinae6   (Traub 1958: 32) Dutilh (inFIGURE 3 – Geographical distribution map of H. multiflorum (blue squares), H. ramboi (green triangles) and H.sanctaecatharinae (red circles).6 Note about the correct spelling of this binomial inBüneker & Bastian, 2017, p. 8.40Meerow et al. 1997: 18), mainly by thenumerous flowers and tepals with a reddishcoloration. It differs vegetatively from H.ramboi by the smaller size when flowering (upto 72 cm tall vs. up to 94 cm tall); leaves with asmaller length (up to 72 cm long vs. up to 98 cmlong), with inconspicuous nerves (vs.conspicuous nerves), reddish to dark green orverdigris color, heavily pruinose (vs. brightgreen, glabrous to slightly pruinose) presentduring flowering (vs. absent). In reproductiveaspect, these species differs by inflorescencewith greater number of flowers (up to 13 flowersvs. up to 8 flowers); minor scape (up to 68 cmlong vs. up to 86 cm long); flowers with largerpedicels (up to 11.5 cm long vs. up to 8 cm long);light-colored tepals (red-orange vs. deep red),and magenta macules missing or slightlypronounced (vs. magenta macules alwayspresent and very evident); paraperigonium withregularly arranged conical fimbriae, connate atthe base (vs. fimbriae with irregular forms andirregularly arranged, forming spaced groups);and larger stigmatic lobes (up to 10 mm longvs. up to 4 mm long).It differs from H. sactaecatharinae by thesmaller pseudocolo (up to 7 cm long vs. up to10 cm long); flowers with longer pedicels (upto 11.5 cm long vs. 4.5 cm long); light-coloredtepalas (red-orange vs. deep red) andparaperigonium with large fimbriaes and largenumbers (fimbriaes up to 3 mm long, in largenumbers vs. fimbriaes up to 1.5 mm long, insmaller amounts). It also differs from H.sactaecatharinae because it occurs exclusivelyin on rocky escarpments with well-drainedhabitat with constant water deficit (vs. very wet,flooded habitat in perennial plots from high al-titude regions of RS, SC and PR states); and itsflowering phenology in summer until the winter(vs. spring).In herbarium the specimens of H.multiflorum, when analysed only forinflorescence, can be confused with robustspecimens of Rhodophiala bifida (Herbert 1825:2597) Traub (1952: 156), by the shape and sizeof the tepalas, pedicell size, and by bracteolespresence. They are easily differentiated byleaves (at least 2.3 cm wide, glaucous vs.subplanes up to 1 cm wide, glabrous, bright).ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank the Colé-gio Politécnico da Universidade Federal de San-ta Maria for encouraging us in this taxonomicstudy; the coordinator of the Curso técnico emPaisagismo, Marcelo Antonio Rodrigues; theprofessor of Latin Leila Maraschin for help withdiagnosis; Arthur von Seckendorff for assistancein reviewing English; Regis Eduardo Bastian byvaluable taxonomic discussions and AdrianeAvelhaneda Mallmann for drawing up thedistribution map of the new species.REFERENCESBÜNEKER, H.M.; BASTIAN, R.E. Desambiguaçãotaxonômico-nomenclatural e tipificação das es-pécies do grupo Sealyana (Amaryllidaceae,Amaryllidoideae), e seus sinônimos. Balduinia,n. 53, p. 15–30, 2016.BÜNEKER, H.M.; BASTIAN, R.E. 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Taxonomic novelties in Southern Brazilian Amaryllidaceae – III: Hippeastrum multiflorum, a new species from Rio Grande do Sul

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