48 research outputs found

    Londres, model shop

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    Quel avenir pour les bibliothĂšques publiques ? Rester attractives et sexy. » Ce conseil, entendu lors de la visite Ă  la mĂ©diathĂšque de l’Institut français de Londres, rĂ©sume l’esprit qui souffle outre- Manche, et qu’une vingtaine de bibliothĂ©caires lorrains ont tentĂ© de saisir lors de leur pĂ©riple Ă  la dĂ©couverte des bibliothĂšques londoniennes et du concept d’Idea store

    La construction d’un tissage Ă©motionnel au fĂ©minin dans la sĂ©rie Outlander

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    Avec quatre saisons diffusĂ©es et une cinquiĂšme en tournage, la sĂ©rie amĂ©ricano-britannique Outlander (Starz, 2014- ) reprĂ©sente un cas d’étude pertinent pour explorer la maniĂšre dont le format sĂ©riel donne Ă  voir la cohĂ©rence du personnage. CrĂ©Ă© par Ron Moore, le showrunner de Battlestar Galactica (Sci-Fi, 2003-2009), Outlander prĂȘte une attention toute particuliĂšre au rĂ©alisme Ă©motionnel de ses personnages au sein d’un monde fictionnel marquĂ© par la science-fiction et l’Histoire. Claire Beauchamp, jeune infirmiĂšre de la seconde guerre mondiale, se retrouve mystĂ©rieusement propulsĂ©e dans le contexte mouvementĂ© de l’Ecosse jacobite. Le tissage Ă©motionnel du personnage fĂ©minin se construit sur la durĂ©e de la sĂ©rie feuilletonesque oĂč chaque Ă©pisode est diffĂ©rent et participe Ă  l’étirement du personnage. Le corpus Ă©tudiĂ© comprend les deux premiĂšres saisons de la sĂ©rie ainsi que la premiĂšre moitiĂ© de la saison 3 jusqu’aux retrouvailles du couple de Claire et Jamie aprĂšs vingt ans de sĂ©paration (« A. Malcolm », Ă©pisode 305).Cet article entend dĂ©montrer comment l’adaptation sĂ©rielle permet Ă  la fois de rationaliser un contenu trĂšs riche et parfois dĂ©cousu et d’intensifier la narration pour mieux donner Ă  voir les facettes du personnage. La sĂ©rie se prĂȘte d’autant plus Ă  cette dĂ©monstration qu’elle dĂ©bute comme une adaptation fidĂšle du matĂ©riau littĂ©raire d’origine de Diana Gabaldon pour s’en Ă©manciper peu Ă  peu. L’adaptation sĂ©rielle se dote de motifs narratifs spĂ©cifiques pour dire l’authenticitĂ© du regard fĂ©minin de Claire comme le foyer narratif unique ou le female gaze. Il sera aussi intĂ©ressant de voir comment le tissage Ă©motionnel de Claire se dĂ©veloppe au sein de la matrice du couple notamment par le biais d’une conversation de l’absence. Enfin, la prise en compte du genre fĂ©minin du public de la sĂ©rie amĂšnera Ă  explorer la culture participative au fĂ©minin Ă  l’heure des rĂ©seaux sociaux.With four seasons already broadcasted and a fifth one forthcoming, the American and British series Outlander (Starz, 2014-) is a relevant case study to explore the way the series format manifests the coherence of the character. Created by Ron Moore, the showrunner of Battlestar Galactica, Outlander is effectively paying attention to the emotional realism of its characters in a fictional world that is marked by science fiction and History. Claire Beauchamp, a young nurse from World War II, mysteriously finds herself thrown into the tense historical realm of Jacobite Scotland. The woman’s emotional weaving is being built in the long run in a series where each episode is different and contributes to the character’s enrichment. The corpus under study is composed of the first two seasons and the first half of season 3 until the reunion of Claire and Jamie Fraser after a twenty-year separation (« A.Malcolm », episode 305).In this article we intend to demonstrate how the series manages to make visible many aspects of the character by rationalizing a rich and somewhat rambling content and intensifying the storytelling at the same time. The series is all the more suitable to such a demonstration since it starts like a faithful adaptation of the original book from Diana Gabaldon and progressively emancipates itself. The series endows itself with specific narrative motifs to convey the authenticity of Claire’s female gaze. It will also be interesting to see how Claire’s emotional weaving is being developed within the couple’s matrix especially through the “conversation of absence”. Finally, taking into account the feminine gender of the series’ audience will lead to an exploration of the woman’s participatory culture in the era of digital social networking

    Tribological testing of self-mated nanocrystalline diamond coatings on Si3N 4 ceramics

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    Due to their much lower surface roughness compared to that of microcrystalline diamond, nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films are promising candidates for tribological applications in particular when deposited on hard ceramic materials such as silicon nitride (Si3N4). In the present work, microwave plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition of NCD is achieved using Ar/H2/CH4 gas mixtures on plates and ball-shaped Si3N4 specimens either by a conventional continuous mode or a recently developed pulsed regime. The microstructure, morphology, topography and purity of the deposited films show typical NCD features for the two kinds of substrate shapes. Besides, tribological characterisation of the NCD/Si3N4 samples is carried out using self-mated pairs without lubrication in order to assess their friction and wear response. Worn surfaces were studied by SEM and AFM topography measurements in order to identify the prevalent wear mechanisms. Friction values reached a steady-state minimum of approximately 0.03 following a short running-in period where the main feature is a sharp peak which attained a maximum around 0.45. Up to the critical load of 35 N, corresponding to film delamination, the equilibrium friction values are similar, irrespective of the applied load. The calculated wear coefficient values denoted a very mild regime (K ~ 1x10-8 mm3N-1m-1) for the self-mated NCD coatings. The predominant wear mechanism was identified as self-polishing by micro-abrasion

    High precision pressure sensors based on SAW devices in the GHz range

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    In this paper, an AlN/free-standing nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) system is proposed in order to process high frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators for sensing applications. The main problem of synthetic diamond is its high surface roughness that worsens the sputtered AlN quality and hence the device response. In order to study the feasibility of this structure, AlN films from 150 nm up to 1200 nm thick have been deposited on free-standing NCD. We have then analysed the influence of the AlN layer thickness on its crystal quality and device response. Optimized thin films of 300 nm have been used to fabricate of one-port SAW resonators operating in the 10–14 GHz frequency range. A SAW based sensor pressure with a sensibility of 0.33 MHz/bar has been fabricated

    Approche analytique pour l'optimisation de réseaux de neurones artificiels

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    artificial neural networks; CNN network; cellular neural network (CNN); learning; optimisation; artificial neuron; neuron optimisationLes rĂ©seaux de neurones artiïŹciels sont nĂ©s, il y a presque cinquante ans, de la volontĂ© de modĂ©liser les capacitĂ©s de mĂ©morisation et de traitement du cerveau biologique. Aujourd'hui encore, les nombreux modĂšles obtenus brillent par leur simplicitĂ© de mise en Ɠuvre, leur puissance de traitement, leur polyvalence, mais aussi par la complexitĂ© des mĂ©thodes de programmation disponibles. En rĂ©alitĂ©, trĂšs peu d'entre-elles sont capables d'aboutir analytiquement Ă  un rĂ©seau de neurones correctement conïŹgurĂ©. Bien au contraire, la plupart se " contentent " d'ajuster, petit Ă  petit, une Ă©bauche de rĂ©seau de neurones, jusqu'Ă  ce qu'il fonctionne avec suffisamment d'exemples de la tĂąche Ă  accomplir. Au travers de ces mĂ©thodes, dites " d'apprentissages ", les rĂ©seaux de neurones sont devenus des boĂźtes noires, que seuls quelques experts sont effectivement capables de programmer. Chaque traitement demande en effet de choisir convenablement une conïŹguration initiale, la nature des exemples, leur nombre, l'ordre d'utilisation, ... Pourtant, la tĂąche finalement apprise n'en reste pas moins le rĂ©sultat d'une stratĂ©gie algorithmique implĂ©mentĂ©e par le rĂ©seau de neurones. Une stratĂ©gie qui peut donc ĂȘtre identiïŹĂ©e par le biais de l'analyse, et surtout rĂ©utilisĂ©e lors de la conception d'un rĂ©seau de neurones rĂ©alisant une tĂąche similaire, court-circuitant ainsi les nombreux alĂ©as liĂ©s Ă  ces mĂ©thodes d'apprentissage. Les bĂ©nĂ©ïŹces de l'analyse sont encore plus Ă©vidents dans le cas de rĂ©seaux de neurones Ă  sortie binaire. En effet, le caractĂšre discret des signaux traitĂ©s simplifie grandement l'identification des mĂ©canismes mis en jeu, ainsi que leur contribution au traitement global. De ce type d'analyse systĂ©matique naĂźt un formalisme original, qui dĂ©crit la stratĂ©gie implĂ©mentĂ©e par les rĂ©seaux de neurones Ă  sortie binaire de façon particuliĂšrement efficace. SchĂ©matiquement, ce formalisme tient lieu d'" Ă©tat intermĂ©diaire " entre la forme boĂźte noire d'un rĂ©seau de neurones et sa description mathĂ©matique brute. En Ă©tant plus proche des modĂšles de rĂ©seaux de neurones que ne l'est cette derniĂšre, il permet de retrouver, par synthĂšse analytique, un rĂ©seau de neurones effectuant la mĂȘme opĂ©ration que celui de dĂ©part, mais de façon optimisĂ©e selon un ou plusieurs critĂšres : nombre de neurones, nombre de connexions, dynamique de calcul, etc. Cette approche analyse-formalisation-synthĂšse constitue la contribution de ces travaux de thĂšse

    Synthesis of High Quality Transparent Nanocrystalline Diamond Films on Glass Substrates Using a Distributed Antenna Array Microwave System

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    Diamond is a material of choice for the fabrication of optical windows and for protective and anti-reflecting coatings for optical materials. For these kinds of applications, the diamond coating must have a high purity and a low surface roughness to guarantee a high transparency. It should also be synthesized at low surface temperature to allow the deposition on low melting-point substrates such as glasses. In this work, the ability of a Distributed Antenna Array (DAA) microwave system operating at low temperature and low pressure in H2/CH4/CO2 gas mixture to synthesize nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films on borosilicate and soda-lime glass substrates is investigated aiming at optical applications. The influence of the substrate temperature and deposition time on the film microstructure and optical properties is examined. The best film properties are obtained for a substrate temperature below 300 °C. In these conditions, the growth rate is around 50 nm·h−1 and the films are homogeneous and formed of spherical aggregates composed of nanocrystalline diamond grains of 12 nm in size. The resulting surface roughness is then very low, typically below 10 nm, and the diamond fraction is higher than 80%. This leads to a high transmittance of the NCD/glass systems, above 75%, and to a low absorption coefficient of the NCD film below 103 cm−1 in the visible range. The resulting optical band gap is estimated at 3.55 eV. The wettability of the surface evolves from a hydrophilic regime on the bare glass substrates to a more hydrophobic regime after NCD deposition, as assessed by the increase of the measured contact angle from less than 55° to 76° after the deposition of 100 nm thick NCD film. This study emphasizes that such transparent diamond films deposited at low surface temperature on glass substrate using the DAA microwave technology can find applications for optical devices

    2D Monte-Carlo simulation of diamond

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    International audienceThis work has 2 main objectives: - complete the existing simulation framework to achieve multi-scale modelling- obtain the growth velocities for several faces, taking defects into account Conclusions :- The results are consistent with simulations by other authors- Taking into account the crystal geometry leads to the appearance of vacancies and faces- The rate calculation must be improved- Defects (impurities and dislocations) and misorientation will be taken into accoun
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