48 research outputs found
Londres, model shop
Quel avenir pour les bibliothĂšques publiques ? Rester attractives et sexy. » Ce conseil, entendu lors de la visite Ă la mĂ©diathĂšque de lâInstitut français de Londres, rĂ©sume lâesprit qui souffle outre- Manche, et quâune vingtaine de bibliothĂ©caires lorrains ont tentĂ© de saisir lors de leur pĂ©riple Ă la dĂ©couverte des bibliothĂšques londoniennes et du concept dâIdea store
La construction dâun tissage Ă©motionnel au fĂ©minin dans la sĂ©rie Outlander
Avec quatre saisons diffusĂ©es et une cinquiĂšme en tournage, la sĂ©rie amĂ©ricano-britannique Outlander (Starz, 2014- ) reprĂ©sente un cas dâĂ©tude pertinent pour explorer la maniĂšre dont le format sĂ©riel donne Ă voir la cohĂ©rence du personnage. CrĂ©Ă© par Ron Moore, le showrunner de Battlestar Galactica (Sci-Fi, 2003-2009), Outlander prĂȘte une attention toute particuliĂšre au rĂ©alisme Ă©motionnel de ses personnages au sein dâun monde fictionnel marquĂ© par la science-fiction et lâHistoire. Claire Beauchamp, jeune infirmiĂšre de la seconde guerre mondiale, se retrouve mystĂ©rieusement propulsĂ©e dans le contexte mouvementĂ© de lâEcosse jacobite. Le tissage Ă©motionnel du personnage fĂ©minin se construit sur la durĂ©e de la sĂ©rie feuilletonesque oĂč chaque Ă©pisode est diffĂ©rent et participe Ă lâĂ©tirement du personnage. Le corpus Ă©tudiĂ© comprend les deux premiĂšres saisons de la sĂ©rie ainsi que la premiĂšre moitiĂ© de la saison 3 jusquâaux retrouvailles du couple de Claire et Jamie aprĂšs vingt ans de sĂ©paration (« A. Malcolm », Ă©pisode 305).Cet article entend dĂ©montrer comment lâadaptation sĂ©rielle permet Ă la fois de rationaliser un contenu trĂšs riche et parfois dĂ©cousu et dâintensifier la narration pour mieux donner Ă voir les facettes du personnage. La sĂ©rie se prĂȘte dâautant plus Ă cette dĂ©monstration quâelle dĂ©bute comme une adaptation fidĂšle du matĂ©riau littĂ©raire dâorigine de Diana Gabaldon pour sâen Ă©manciper peu Ă peu. Lâadaptation sĂ©rielle se dote de motifs narratifs spĂ©cifiques pour dire lâauthenticitĂ© du regard fĂ©minin de Claire comme le foyer narratif unique ou le female gaze. Il sera aussi intĂ©ressant de voir comment le tissage Ă©motionnel de Claire se dĂ©veloppe au sein de la matrice du couple notamment par le biais dâune conversation de lâabsence. Enfin, la prise en compte du genre fĂ©minin du public de la sĂ©rie amĂšnera Ă explorer la culture participative au fĂ©minin Ă lâheure des rĂ©seaux sociaux.With four seasons already broadcasted and a fifth one forthcoming, the American and British series Outlander (Starz, 2014-) is a relevant case study to explore the way the series format manifests the coherence of the character. Created by Ron Moore, the showrunner of Battlestar Galactica, Outlander is effectively paying attention to the emotional realism of its characters in a fictional world that is marked by science fiction and History. Claire Beauchamp, a young nurse from World War II, mysteriously finds herself thrown into the tense historical realm of Jacobite Scotland. The womanâs emotional weaving is being built in the long run in a series where each episode is different and contributes to the characterâs enrichment. The corpus under study is composed of the first two seasons and the first half of season 3 until the reunion of Claire and Jamie Fraser after a twenty-year separation (« A.Malcolm », episode 305).In this article we intend to demonstrate how the series manages to make visible many aspects of the character by rationalizing a rich and somewhat rambling content and intensifying the storytelling at the same time. The series is all the more suitable to such a demonstration since it starts like a faithful adaptation of the original book from Diana Gabaldon and progressively emancipates itself. The series endows itself with specific narrative motifs to convey the authenticity of Claireâs female gaze. It will also be interesting to see how Claireâs emotional weaving is being developed within the coupleâs matrix especially through the âconversation of absenceâ. Finally, taking into account the feminine gender of the seriesâ audience will lead to an exploration of the womanâs participatory culture in the era of digital social networking
Tribological testing of self-mated nanocrystalline diamond coatings on Si3N 4 ceramics
Due to their much lower surface roughness compared to that of microcrystalline diamond, nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films are promising candidates for tribological applications in particular when deposited on hard ceramic materials such as silicon nitride (Si3N4). In the present work, microwave plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition of NCD is achieved using Ar/H2/CH4 gas mixtures on plates and ball-shaped Si3N4 specimens either by a conventional continuous mode or a recently developed pulsed regime. The microstructure, morphology, topography and purity of the deposited films show typical NCD features for the two kinds of substrate shapes. Besides, tribological characterisation of the NCD/Si3N4 samples is carried out using self-mated pairs without lubrication in order to assess their friction and wear response. Worn surfaces were studied by SEM and AFM topography measurements in order to identify the prevalent wear mechanisms. Friction values reached a steady-state minimum of approximately 0.03 following a short running-in period where the main feature is a sharp peak which attained a maximum around 0.45. Up to the critical load of 35 N, corresponding to film delamination, the equilibrium friction values are similar, irrespective of the applied load. The calculated wear coefficient values denoted a very mild regime (K ~ 1x10-8 mm3N-1m-1) for the self-mated NCD coatings. The predominant wear mechanism was identified as self-polishing by micro-abrasion
High precision pressure sensors based on SAW devices in the GHz range
In this paper, an AlN/free-standing nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) system is proposed in order to process high frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators for sensing applications. The main problem of synthetic diamond is its high surface roughness that worsens the sputtered AlN quality and hence the device response. In order to study the feasibility of this structure, AlN films from 150 nm up to 1200 nm thick have been deposited on free-standing NCD. We have then analysed the influence of the AlN layer thickness on its crystal quality and device response. Optimized thin films of 300 nm have been used to fabricate of one-port SAW resonators operating in the 10â14 GHz frequency range. A SAW based sensor pressure with a sensibility of 0.33 MHz/bar has been fabricated
Approche analytique pour l'optimisation de réseaux de neurones artificiels
artificial neural networks; CNN network; cellular neural network (CNN); learning; optimisation; artificial neuron; neuron optimisationLes rĂ©seaux de neurones artiïŹciels sont nĂ©s, il y a presque cinquante ans, de la volontĂ© de modĂ©liser les capacitĂ©s de mĂ©morisation et de traitement du cerveau biologique. Aujourd'hui encore, les nombreux modĂšles obtenus brillent par leur simplicitĂ© de mise en Ćuvre, leur puissance de traitement, leur polyvalence, mais aussi par la complexitĂ© des mĂ©thodes de programmation disponibles. En rĂ©alitĂ©, trĂšs peu d'entre-elles sont capables d'aboutir analytiquement Ă un rĂ©seau de neurones correctement conïŹgurĂ©. Bien au contraire, la plupart se " contentent " d'ajuster, petit Ă petit, une Ă©bauche de rĂ©seau de neurones, jusqu'Ă ce qu'il fonctionne avec suffisamment d'exemples de la tĂąche Ă accomplir. Au travers de ces mĂ©thodes, dites " d'apprentissages ", les rĂ©seaux de neurones sont devenus des boĂźtes noires, que seuls quelques experts sont effectivement capables de programmer. Chaque traitement demande en effet de choisir convenablement une conïŹguration initiale, la nature des exemples, leur nombre, l'ordre d'utilisation, ... Pourtant, la tĂąche finalement apprise n'en reste pas moins le rĂ©sultat d'une stratĂ©gie algorithmique implĂ©mentĂ©e par le rĂ©seau de neurones. Une stratĂ©gie qui peut donc ĂȘtre identiïŹĂ©e par le biais de l'analyse, et surtout rĂ©utilisĂ©e lors de la conception d'un rĂ©seau de neurones rĂ©alisant une tĂąche similaire, court-circuitant ainsi les nombreux alĂ©as liĂ©s Ă ces mĂ©thodes d'apprentissage. Les bĂ©nĂ©ïŹces de l'analyse sont encore plus Ă©vidents dans le cas de rĂ©seaux de neurones Ă sortie binaire. En effet, le caractĂšre discret des signaux traitĂ©s simplifie grandement l'identification des mĂ©canismes mis en jeu, ainsi que leur contribution au traitement global. De ce type d'analyse systĂ©matique naĂźt un formalisme original, qui dĂ©crit la stratĂ©gie implĂ©mentĂ©e par les rĂ©seaux de neurones Ă sortie binaire de façon particuliĂšrement efficace. SchĂ©matiquement, ce formalisme tient lieu d'" Ă©tat intermĂ©diaire " entre la forme boĂźte noire d'un rĂ©seau de neurones et sa description mathĂ©matique brute. En Ă©tant plus proche des modĂšles de rĂ©seaux de neurones que ne l'est cette derniĂšre, il permet de retrouver, par synthĂšse analytique, un rĂ©seau de neurones effectuant la mĂȘme opĂ©ration que celui de dĂ©part, mais de façon optimisĂ©e selon un ou plusieurs critĂšres : nombre de neurones, nombre de connexions, dynamique de calcul, etc. Cette approche analyse-formalisation-synthĂšse constitue la contribution de ces travaux de thĂšse
Investigation of Nucleation and Growth of Nanocrystalline Diamond Films Deposited at Low Temperature Using In Situ Laser Reflectance Interferometry
International audienc
Synthesis of High Quality Transparent Nanocrystalline Diamond Films on Glass Substrates Using a Distributed Antenna Array Microwave System
Diamond is a material of choice for the fabrication of optical windows and for protective and anti-reflecting coatings for optical materials. For these kinds of applications, the diamond coating must have a high purity and a low surface roughness to guarantee a high transparency. It should also be synthesized at low surface temperature to allow the deposition on low melting-point substrates such as glasses. In this work, the ability of a Distributed Antenna Array (DAA) microwave system operating at low temperature and low pressure in H2/CH4/CO2 gas mixture to synthesize nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films on borosilicate and soda-lime glass substrates is investigated aiming at optical applications. The influence of the substrate temperature and deposition time on the film microstructure and optical properties is examined. The best film properties are obtained for a substrate temperature below 300 °C. In these conditions, the growth rate is around 50 nm·h−1 and the films are homogeneous and formed of spherical aggregates composed of nanocrystalline diamond grains of 12 nm in size. The resulting surface roughness is then very low, typically below 10 nm, and the diamond fraction is higher than 80%. This leads to a high transmittance of the NCD/glass systems, above 75%, and to a low absorption coefficient of the NCD film below 103 cm−1 in the visible range. The resulting optical band gap is estimated at 3.55 eV. The wettability of the surface evolves from a hydrophilic regime on the bare glass substrates to a more hydrophobic regime after NCD deposition, as assessed by the increase of the measured contact angle from less than 55° to 76° after the deposition of 100 nm thick NCD film. This study emphasizes that such transparent diamond films deposited at low surface temperature on glass substrate using the DAA microwave technology can find applications for optical devices
2D Monte-Carlo simulation of diamond
International audienceThis work has 2 main objectives: - complete the existing simulation framework to achieve multi-scale modelling- obtain the growth velocities for several faces, taking defects into account Conclusions :- The results are consistent with simulations by other authors- Taking into account the crystal geometry leads to the appearance of vacancies and faces- The rate calculation must be improved- Defects (impurities and dislocations) and misorientation will be taken into accoun
3D kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations of diamond growth on (1 0 0) surfaces
International audienc