1,296 research outputs found
A single hollow beam optical trap for cold atoms
We present an optical trap for atoms that we have developed for precision
spectroscopy measurements. Cold atoms are captured in a dark region of space
inside a blue-detuned hollow laser beam formed by an axicon. We analyze the
light potential in a ray optics picture and experimentally demonstrate trapping
of laser-cooled metastable xenon atoms.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
Jean-Baptiste BĂ©langer, hydraulic engineer, researcher and academic
Jean-Baptiste BĂLANGER (1790-1874) worked as a hydraulic engineer at the beginning of his career. He developed the backwater equation to calculate gradually-varied open channel flow properties for steady flow conditions. Later, as an academic at the leading French engineering schools (Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, Ecole des Ponts et ChaussĂ©es, and Ecole Polytechnique), he developed a new university curriculum in mechanics and several textbooks including a seminal text in hydraulic engineering. His influence on his contemporaries was considerable, and his name is written on the border of one of the four facades of the Eiffel Tower. BĂLANGER's leading role demonstrated the dynamism of practicing engineers at the time, and his contributions paved the way to many significant works in hydraulics
Soil weathering rates in 21 catchments of the Canadian Shield
Soil mineral weathering represents an essential source of nutrient base cation (Ca, Mg and K) for forest growth in addition to provide a buffering power against precipitation acidity for soils and surface waters. Weathering rates of base cations were obtained for 21 catchments located within the temperate and the boreal forest of the Canadian Shield with the geochemical model PROFILE. Weathering rates ranged from 0.58 to 4.46 kmol<sub>c</sub> ha<sup>â1</sup> yr<sup>â1</sup> and their spatial variation within the studied area was mostly in agreement with spatial variations in soil mineralogy. Weathering rates of Ca and Mg were significantly correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.80 and 0.64) with their respective lake concentrations. Weathering rates of K and Na did not correlate with lake concentrations of K and Na. The modeled weathering rates for each catchment were also compared with estimations of net catchment exportations. The result show that modeled weathering rates of Ca were not significantly different than the net catchment exportations while modeled weathering rates of Mg were higher by 51%. Larger differences were observed for K and Na weathering rates that were significantly different than net catchment exportations being 6.9 and 2.2 times higher than net exportations, respectively. The results for K were expected given its high reactivity with biotic compartments and suggest that most of the K produced by weathering reactions was retained within soil catchments and/or above ground biomass. This explanation does not apply to Na, however, which is a conservative element in forest ecosystems because of the insignificant needs of Na for soil microorganisms and above ground vegetations. It raises concern about the liability of the PROFILE model to provide reliable values of Na weathering rates. Overall, we concluded that the PROFILE model is powerful enough to reproduce spatial geographical gradients in weathering rates for relatively large areas as well as adequately predict absolute weathering rates values for the sum of base cations, Ca and Mg
Data assimilation for plume models
International audienceWe use a four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-VAR) algorithm to observe the growth of 2-D plumes from a point heat source. In order to test the predictability of the 4D-VAR technique for 2-D plumes, we perturb the initial conditions and compare the resulting predictions to the predictions given by a direct numerical simulation (DNS) without any 4D-VAR correction. We have studied plumes in fluids with Rayleigh numbers between 106 and 107 and Prandtl numbers between 0.7 and 70, and we find the quality of the prediction to have a definite dependence on both the Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers. As the Rayleigh number is increased, so is the quality of the prediction, due to an increase of the inertial effects in the adjoint equations for momentum and energy. The horizon predictability time, or how far into the future the 4D-VAR method can predict, decreases as Rayleigh number increases. The quality of the prediction is decreased as Prandtl number increases, however. Quality also decreases with increased prediction time
Suppression and Enhancement of Soliton Switching During Interaction in Periodically Twisted Birefringent Fiber
Soliton interaction in periodically twisted birefringent optical fibers has
been analysed analytically with refernce to soliton switching. For this purpose
we construct the exact general two-soliton solution of the associated coupled
system and investigate its asymptotic behaviour. Using the results of our
analytical approach we point out that the interaction can be used as a switch
to suppress or to enhance soliton switching dynamics, if one injects
multi-soliton as an input pulse in the periodically twisted birefringent fiber.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, Latex, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Bosonic Quartic Couplings at LHC
We analyze the potential of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to study
anomalous quartic vector-boson interactions Z Z gamma gamma, Z Z Z gamma, W+ W-
gamma gamma, and W+ W- Z gamma through the weak boson fusion processes q q -> q
q gamma gamma and q q -> q q gamma Z(-> l+ l-) with l = electron or muon. After
a careful study of the backgrounds and how to extract them from the data, we
show that the process p p -> j j gamma l+ l- is potentially the most sensitive
to deviations from the Standard Model, improving the sensitivity to anomalous
couplings by up to a factor 10^4 (10^2) with respect to the present direct
(indirect) limits.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures, revised versio
The generalised NMSSM at one loop: fine tuning and phenomenology
We determine the degree of fine tuning needed in a generalised version of the
NMSSM that follows from an underlying Z4 or Z8 R symmetry. We find that it is
significantly less than is found in the MSSM or NMSSM and extends the range of
Higgs mass that have acceptable fine tuning up to Higgs masses of mh ~ 130 GeV.
For universal boundary conditions analogous to the CMSSM the phenomenology is
rather MSSM like with the singlet states typically rather heavy. For more
general boundary conditions the singlet states can be light, leading to
interesting signatures at the LHC and direct detection experiments.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, matches published versio
T-violation in decay in a general two-Higgs doublet model
We calculate the transverse muon polarization in the process
arising from the Yukawa couplings of charged Higgs boson in a general two-Higgs
doublet model where spontaneous violation of CP is presentComment: 6 pages, latex, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Higgs and non-universal gaugino masses: no SUSY signal expected yet?
So far, no supersymmetric particles have been detected at the Large Hadron
Collider (LHC). However, the recent Higgs results have interesting implications
for the SUSY parameter space. In this paper, we study the consequences of an
LHC Higgs signal for a model with non-universal gaugino masses in the context
of SU(5) unification. The gaugino mass ratios associated with the higher
representations produce viable spectra that are largely inaccessible to the
current LHC and direct dark matter detection experiments. Thus, in light of the
Higgs results, the non-observation of SUSY is no surprise.Comment: supplementary file containing plots with log priors in ancillary
files. v2: added some comments on more general settings and references,
accepted for publication in JHE
Probing the Higgs mechanism via
We investigate the sensitivity of the reaction to
the Higgs sector based on the complete one-loop corrections in the minimal
Standard Model and the gauged non-linear -model. While this sensitivity
is very strong for the suppressed cross-section of equally polarized photons
and longitudinal W bosons, it is only marginal for the dominant mode of
transverse polarizations. The corrections within the -model turn out to
be UV-finite in accordance with the absence of \log\MH terms in the Standard
Model with a heavy Higgs boson.Comment: 12 pages uuencoded postscrip
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