47 research outputs found
The e+e- -> Z gamma gamma -> q q gamma gamma Reaction at LEP and Constraints on Anomalous Quartic Gauge Boson Couplings
The cross section of the process e^+ e^- -> Z \gamma\gamma -> qq \gamma
\gamma is measured with 215 pb^-1 of data collected with the L3 detector during
the final LEP run at centre-of-mass energies around 205 GeV and 207 GeV. No
deviation from the Standard Model expectation is observed. The full data sample
of 713 pb^-1, collected above the Z resonance, is used to constrain the
coefficients of anomalous quartic gauge boson couplings to:
-0.02 GeV^-2 < a_0/\Lambda^2 < 0.03 GeV^-2 and -0.07 GeV^-2 < a_c/\Lambda^2 <
0.05 GeV^-2, at 95% confidence level
CP Violation in
We consider CP violating effects in the decays where both the resonance, , and
resonance, , can contribute. The interference
between the and resonances can lead to enhanced CP-violating
asymmetries whose magnitudes depend crucially on the decay
constant, . We make an estimate of with a
simplified chiral Lagrangian coupled to a massive pseudoscalar field, and we
compare the estimates from the non-relativistic quark model and from the QCD
sum rule with the estimate from the `mock' meson model. We then estimate
quantitatively the size of CP-violating effects in a multi-Higgs-doublet model
and scalar-leptoquark models. We find that, while CP-violating effects in the
scalar-leptoquark models may require more than leptons,
CP-violating effects from the multi-Higgs-doublet model can be seen at the
level with about leptons using the chiral Lagrangian
estimate of GeV.Comment: Latex, 30 pages, 2 figures (not included). Three compressed
postscript files of the paper available at
ftp://ftp.kek.jp/kek/preprints/TH/TH-419/kekth419.ps.gz, Tau1.ps.gz,
Tau2.ps.g
Lives versus Livelihoods? Perceived economic risk has a stronger association with support for COVID-19 preventive measures than perceived health risk
This paper examines whether compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures is motivated by wanting to save lives or save the economy (or both), and which implications this carries to fight the pandemic. National representative samples were collected from 24 countries (N = 25,435). The main predictors were (1) perceived risk to contract coronavirus, (2) perceived risk to suffer economic losses due to coronavirus, and (3) their interaction effect. Individual and country-level variables were added as covariates in multilevel regression models. We examined compliance with various preventive health behaviors and support for strict containment policies. Results show that perceived economic risk consistently predicted mitigation behavior and policy support—and its effects were positive. Perceived health risk had mixed effects. Only two significant interactions between health and economic risk were identified—both positive
Study of the e+e- -> Z gamma gamma -> q q~ gamma gamma Process at LEP
The process e^+e^- -> Z gamma gamma -> q q~ gamma gamma is studied in 0.5
fb-1 of data collected with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies between
130.1 GeV and 201.7 GeV. Cross sections are measured and found to be consistent
with the Standard Model expectations. The study of the least energetic photon
constrains the quartic gauge boson couplings to -0.008 GeV-2 < a_0/\Lambda^2 <
0.005 GeV-2 and -0.007 GeV-2 < a_c/\Lambda^2 < 0.011 GeV-2, at 95% confidence
level
Addressing climate change with behavioral science: a global intervention tournament in 63 countries
Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions’ effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior—several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people’s initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors
Addressing climate change with behavioral science:A global intervention tournament in 63 countries
Study of the W+W-gamma Process and Limits on Anomalous Quartic Gauge Boson Couplings at LEP
The process e+e- -> W+ W- gamma is studied using the data collected by the L3
detector at LEP. New results, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
427.4 pb-1 at centre-of-mass energies from 192 GeV to 207 GeV, are presented.
The W+W- gamma cross sections are measured to be in agreement with Standard
Model expectations. No hints of anomalous quartic gauge boson couplings are
observed. Limits at 95% confidence level are derived using also the process
e+e- --> nu nubar gamma gamma
Identifying important individual‐ and country‐level predictors of conspiracy theorizing: a machine learning analysis
Psychological research on the predictors of conspiracy theorizing—explaining important social and political events or circumstances as secret plots by malevolent groups—has flourished in recent years. However, research has typically examined only a small number of predictors in one, or a small number of, national contexts. Such approaches make it difficult to examine the relative importance of predictors, and risk overlooking some potentially relevant variables altogether. To overcome this limitation, the present study used machine learning to rank-order the importance of 115 individual- and country-level variables in predicting conspiracy theorizing. Data were collected from 56,072 respondents across 28 countries during the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Echoing previous findings, important predictors at the individual level included societal discontent, paranoia, and personal struggle. Contrary to prior research, important country-level predictors included indicators of political stability and effective government COVID response, which suggests that conspiracy theorizing may thrive in relatively well-functioning democracies
Supersize my identity: when thoughts of contracting swine flu boost one's patriotic identity
Pandemics are socially threatening situations that rapidly spread across large regions. Thinking of contracting dangerous diseases can potentially evoke fear and death-related thoughts. The aim of the present work was to investigate how individuals respond to fear associated with contracting a pandemic disease (i.e., swine flu). In accordance with the mortality salience hypothesis of terror management theory (Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1986), we predicted that individuals concerned with contracting swine flu would demonstrate greater investment in cultural worldviews (i.e., patriotism) in response to death anxiety. The implications of these findings for understanding global issues in domains related to health and politics are discussed