8 research outputs found

    Quelle intervention au niveau organisationnel dans les entreprises pour prévenir ou réduire le burnout ?

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    Ce rapport prĂ©sente les rĂ©sultats de rĂ©flexions menĂ©es dans le cadre du projet STOBS-VD ; il rend compte de deux Ă©tudes quantitatives dont le but Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer quel type d’intervention serait efficace pour prĂ©venir l’épuisement professionnel (burnout) et dans quels secteurs d’activitĂ©. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent qu’en Suisse, les secteurs « Banques, assurances », « SantĂ©, social, mĂ©dico-social », « Agences de sĂ©curitĂ© et autres activitĂ©s de soutien aux entreprises », « Transport, entreposage, poste » et « HĂ©bergement et restauration » affichent les taux les plus Ă©levĂ©s d’épuisement Ă©motionnel et de stress au travail. La combinaison de ces deux facteurs constitue un risque accru du burnout professionnel. Les deux Ă©tudes ont consistĂ© en une revue systĂ©matique et une mĂ©ta-analyse de 13 Ă©tudes interventionnelles. Cette derniĂšre a, quant Ă  elle, confirmĂ© l’efficacitĂ© des interventions organisationnelles pour prĂ©venir le burnout. Un effet bĂ©nĂ©fique modĂ©rĂ© Ă  fort a Ă©tĂ© mis en Ă©vidence, notamment pour la dimension de l’épuisement Ă©motionnel. Cet effet a Ă©tĂ© renforcĂ© par la combinaison des interventions menĂ©es au niveau organisationnel et individuel. Parmi les interventions Ă©valuĂ©es, les interventions participatives ont dĂ©montrĂ© une meilleure efficacitĂ© prĂ©ventive. Le rapport prĂ©sente deux exemples d’interventions et discute leur applicabilitĂ© en Suisse

    Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis versus bacteremia strains: Subtle genetic differences at stake

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    AbstractInfective endocarditis (IE)(1) is a severe condition complicating 10–25% of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Although host-related IE risk factors have been identified, the involvement of bacterial features in IE complication is still unclear. We characterized strictly defined IE and bacteremia isolates and searched for discriminant features. S. aureus isolates causing community-acquired, definite native-valve IE (n=72) and bacteremia (n=54) were collected prospectively as part of a French multicenter cohort. Phenotypic traits previously reported or hypothesized to be involved in staphylococcal IE pathogenesis were tested. In parallel, the genotypic profiles of all isolates, obtained by microarray, were analyzed by discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC)(2). No significant difference was observed between IE and bacteremia strains, regarding either phenotypic or genotypic univariate analyses. However, the multivariate statistical tool DAPC, applied on microarray data, segregated IE and bacteremia isolates: IE isolates were correctly reassigned as such in 80.6% of the cases (C-statistic 0.83, P<0.001). The performance of this model was confirmed with an independent French collection IE and bacteremia isolates (78.8% reassignment, C-statistic 0.65, P<0.01). Finally, a simple linear discriminant function based on a subset of 8 genetic markers retained valuable performance both in study collection (86.1%, P<0.001) and in the independent validation collection (81.8%, P<0.01). We here show that community-acquired IE and bacteremia S. aureus isolates are genetically distinct based on subtle combinations of genetic markers. This finding provides the proof of concept that bacterial characteristics may contribute to the occurrence of IE in patients with S. aureus bacteremia

    In-depth molecular and phenotypic characterization in a rice insertion line library facilitates gene identification through reverse and forward genetics approaches

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    CIAT- Outstanding Research Publication Award (ORPA) - 2012We report here the molecular and phenotypic features of a library of 31 562 insertion lines generated in the model japonica cultivar Nipponbare of rice (Oryza sativa L.), called Oryza Tag Line (OTL). Sixteen thousand eight hundred and fourteen T‐DNA and 12 410 Tos17 discrete insertion sites have been characterized in these lines. We estimate that 8686 predicted gene intervals—i.e. one‐fourth to one‐fifth of the estimated rice nontransposable element gene complement—are interrupted by sequence‐indexed T‐DNA (6563 genes) and/or Tos17 (2755 genes) inserts. Six hundred and forty‐three genes are interrupted by both T‐DNA and Tos17 inserts. High quality of the sequence indexation of the T2 seed samples was ascertained by several approaches. Field evaluation under agronomic conditions of 27 832 OTL has revealed that 18.2% exhibit at least one morphophysiological alteration in the T1 progeny plants. Screening 10 000 lines for altered response to inoculation by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae allowed to observe 71 lines (0.7%) developing spontaneous lesions simulating disease mutants and 43 lines (0.4%) exhibiting an enhanced disease resistance or susceptibility. We show here that at least 3.5% (four of 114) of these alterations are tagged by the mutagens. The presence of allelic series of sequence‐indexed mutations in a gene among OTL that exhibit a convergent phenotype clearly increases the chance of establishing a linkage between alterations and inserts. This convergence approach is illustrated by the identification of the rice ortholog of AtPHO2, the disruption of which causes a lesion‐mimic phenotype owing to an over‐accumulation of phosphate, in nine lines bearing allelic insertions

    Mayotte seismic crisis: building knowledge in near real-time by combining land and ocean-bottom seismometers, first results

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    International audienceSummary The brutal onset of seismicity offshore Mayotte island North of the Mozambique Channel, Indian Ocean, that occurred in May 2018 caught the population, authorities, and scientific community off guard. Around 20 potentially felt earthquakes were recorded in the first 5 days, up to magnitude Mw 5.9. The scientific community had little pre-existing knowledge of the seismic activity in the region due to poor seismic network coverage. During 2018 and 2019, the MAYOBS/REVOSIMA seismology group was progressively built between four French research institutions to improve instrumentation and data sets to monitor what we know now as an on-going exceptional sub-marine basaltic eruption. After the addition of 3 medium-band stations on Mayotte island and 1 on Grande Glorieuse island in early 2019, the data recovered from the Ocean Bottom Seismometers were regularly processed by the group to improve the location of the earthquakes detected daily by the land network. We first built a new local 1D velocity model and established specific data processing procedures. The local 1.66 low VP/VS ratio we estimated is compatible with a volcanic island context. We manually picked about 125,000 P and S phases on land and sea bottom stations to locate more than 5,000 events between February 2019 and May 2020. The earthquakes outline two separate seismic clusters offshore that we named Proximal and Distal. The Proximal cluster, located 10km offshore Mayotte eastern coastlines, is 20 to 50 km deep and has a cylindrical shape. The Distal cluster start 5 km to the east of the Proximal cluster and extends below Mayotte's new volcanic edifice, from 50 km up to 25 km depth. The two clusters appear seismically separated, however our dataset is insufficient to firmly demonstrate this

    Le développement durable à découvert

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    Vingt ans aprĂšs la premiĂšre confĂ©rence de Rio, qu’est devenue la proposition de conduire nos sociĂ©tĂ©s vers un dĂ©veloppement durable ? AdoptĂ© par les uns, utilisĂ© comme faire-valoir par les autres, ce concept de dĂ©veloppement durable est souvent vidĂ© de son sens. Or, l’impact exponentiel des activitĂ©s humaines sur les ressources naturelles, la santĂ© des populations et le milieu exige d’expliquer ce qu’il est prĂ©cisĂ©ment. Qu’est-ce que le dĂ©veloppement durable aujourd’hui ? Qu’en est-il de la disponibilitĂ© des ressources et de l’usage que nous en faisons ? Dans le domaine de l’eau, du climat, des sols, de la biodiversitĂ© ? En milieu rural, sur le littoral ou encore en milieu urbain, lĂ  oĂč la majoritĂ© de la population va vivre d’ici 2050, comment consommons-nous au fil du temps, Ă  travers les territoires ? Quelles incidences les activitĂ©s humaines ont-elles sur les ressources, sur la santĂ© des populations et sur le milieu lui-mĂȘme ? Les relations entre l’humanitĂ© et l’environnement doivent-elles Ă©voluer ? Autant de questions posĂ©es Ă  des scientifiques qui Ă©claircissent la complexitĂ© des interactions entre les systĂšmes et proposent des solutions pour un avenir sur le long terme. De nos Ă©cosystĂšmes Ă  nos modes de consommation, des risques naturels aux nouvelles technologies ou aux pollutions, des usines du futur au traitement des dĂ©chets, Le dĂ©veloppement durable Ă  dĂ©couvert informe, explique, partage tout ce que la science actuelle est capable d’apporter au dĂ©fi majeur du xxie siĂšcle : comment mieux comprendre la complexitĂ© des enjeux qui nous concernent tous et assurer le dĂ©veloppement de l’humanitĂ© sans dĂ©truire son biotope. Économistes, physiciens, sociologues, agronomes, Ă©cologues... plus de 150 chercheurs se sont mobilisĂ©s pour associer leur expertise Ă  leur regard critique et dĂ©crire, comprendre, modĂ©liser, imaginer, illustrations et schĂ©mas Ă  l’appui, les outils destinĂ©s Ă  construire les sociĂ©tĂ©s Ă©quitables de demain

    Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis versus bacteremia strains: Subtle genetic differences at stake

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