The Sustainable Architectural Values of Eclectic Style Shophouses Case Study: Sun Yat Sen Museum Penang, Malaysia

The Sun Yat Sen shophouse in Penang is a small private Museum, which was converted from a shophouse or townhouse situated in theArmenian Street heritage area of George Town. The building is an example of embraces of the architectural heritage of George Town which is an extraordinarily beautiful example of Straits Settlements merchant's shophouse.Historically, it is associated with the global historical personality of Dr. Sun Yat Sen and hisrevolutionary. This city was added to the UNESCO's world heritage list in 2008 to acknowledge its rich cultural heritage that constitutes of unique architectural and cultural townscape along the Straits of Melaka. This paper investigates the architectural plan of a shophouse and the valuesof cultural heritage buildingswhich eventually was converted into a Museum in George Town, Penang. Classified as an eclectic style shophouse, it is rich in design and art components featured in its architecture that are still sustaining until today. This building has an interesting mixture of architectural and cultural inspirations adapted from the Chinese origin, with the local Malay ethnicity and the European influencesthat colonised the region. The introduction of new non related architectural components into the southern Chinese (eclectic style) style in shophouses in George Town has resulted in the disappearance of this unique style of architecture. This investigation employs a qualitative research approach by documenting evidence and understanding the architectural as well as cultural influences of the southern Chineseeclectic style by studying the Sun Yat Sen Museum as a case study. The findings of the research point towards an understanding of the architectural and cultural influences that govern the design of the shophouse and its architectural character

Architectural Identity Design of Shophouses in George Town Heritage City: Significance and Definition

In George Town Heritage City, there is a perception that the styles of the shophouses were influenced by the western and eastern cultures but how far regarding the definition and origin of the name “shophouses†and significance of the interior architectural identity design are yet to receive in-depth research in Malaysia. Therefore, this paper appraises the definition of shophouses in the region with an emphasis on the significance of the interior architectural identity design. This has become necessary because the shophouse is one of the key components that enhanced the city to be enlisted in the UNESCO World Heritage list in 2008. To achieve the main aim, observation, case studies, and secondary sources were combined in the study. Findings show that the significance of the interior architectural identity design regarding the definition of shophouses has been silent in the literature and was addressed as part of the paper’s implications. Also, the emerged findings will be relevant to stakeholders because the definition revealed the significance of interior architectural identity design as one of the architectural components that influence and govern shophouses design

The Significance of the Traditional Courtyard Components of Shophouses in Georgetown, Penang Malaysia

A courtyard is an architectural design component commonly applied in tropical buildings for its social and environmental purpose. The traditional courtyard shophouses in George Town, Penang in Malaysia were influenced by the eastern and western cultures. The city of George Town was added to the UNESCO's world heritage list in 2008 to acknowledge its rich cultural heritage that constitutes of unique architectural and cultural townscape along the Straits of Melaka. In many researches, the style of shophouse (eclectic style) will be called for a building that is greater than hundred years. They are rich in design and art components featured in its architecture that is still surviving until today. This unique type of structure clearly shows the influences of Chinese, Malay, Indian and European styles; matured and merged together in response to the local environment. From the Chinese influence, in the courtyard was introduced. The courtyard is a significant typological element in a shophouse. In George Town, the traditional courtyard shophouses have characteristics that are appropriate for the local region. However, most traditional shophouses faced alterations and deterioration and become a major concern in Penang. In addition, there has been a tendency proven since over thirty years ago of excessive replacement the traditional courtyard houses with multi-storey buildings. All of these have seriously affected the cultural continuity of the traditional shophouses form. This paper employed the qualitative research approach that obtained data from the observation and secondary sources to understand the design of the traditional courtyard architectural components of shophouses. The findings of the research point towards the understanding of the significance of the traditional courtyard, environmental aspect and design variants of shophouses

Sistem Pakar Menentukan Gangguan Layanan Indihome Menggunakan Algoritma Best First Search Berbasis Web

Indihome users are growing rapidly. However, PT Telkom's indihome services are still experiencing various disturbances so that the quality of service is not optimal, with the large number of Indihome users, it is undeniable that there are technicians who understand one type of disturbance better than others and sometimes there are new disturbances that are not understood by many technicians. , technicians who do not understand even those who are familiar with certain disorders may make mistakes in making decisions in dealing with disturbances. This is what prompted the construction of an expert system that aims as a solution to help make it easier for technicians when an interruption occurs in the indihome service, the expert system allows technicians to make consistent decisions to avoid mistakes based on the knowledge of an expert, so that with the solutions provided, technicians are able to take action. what to do when a disturbance occurs and how to deal with the disturbance. The expert system used is the Best First Search algorithm method

Identity formation of the traditional courtyard shop houses interiors: case study in George Town, Penang

The traditional Straits Chinese courtyard shop house is the basic building typology of George Town Heritage City for hundreds of years. The shop house is harmonised in its architectural design identity formation. Many studies have shown that the identity formation of traditional Straits Chinese courtyard shop houses underwent a series of transformation throughout the passage of time. Therefore the interiors formation of shop houses buildings have become a threat by losing the authentic identity in George Town Heritage City. Thus, this paper aims to identify the identity formation of the traditional courtyard of shop houses interiors. A qualitative research approach was employed to obtain data from primary and secondary sources. The reason is to understand the design identity of the traditional courtyard architectural components. Thematic analysis was adopted, and five themes were used to present and discussed the results. This study found that the main multi-cultural (Malay, Chinese, and European) has influenced the identity formation of the traditional courtyard shop house interiors. The outcome is a combination of built cultural heritage. Findings also show that focusing on promoting the traditional courtyard identity formation ensures a strong appreciation of its existence. As part of the practical implications, this paper contributes to reawaken policymakers and other stakeholders. This will stir-up the drive for the sustainability of the traditional courtyard shop houses in George Town, Malaysia

Numerical Simulation of Flow Pattern around the Bridge Pier with Submerged Vanes

Bridges are very important for establishing communication paths. For this reason, it is important to control scour around bridge piers. Several methods have been proposed for scour control. One of the most useful methods is the use of submerged vanes. In the other hand, laboratory circumstances force many considered effective factors to be skipped in the scour phenomenon. In this situation, the importance of using numerical models would appear even more. In this research, numerical simulation of the flow pattern around the piers surrounded by submerged vanes has been carried out. For this purpose, the structure simulated in three dimensions using Fluent software. K-ε turbulence model with VOF and mixture models for multiphase flow simulation were applied. Afterward analysis of the water surface profiles, velocity distribution profiles, and shear tension of the bed in multiple placements conditions including multiple vanes within two flow intensity and two different angles were performed. The results showed that there is a good agreement between numerical and experimental results. The best models in this research were found to be Realizable k-ε turbulence model with VOF multiphase model for water surface profile and velocity distribution profiles. The maximum extracted relative errors for water surface profiles and velocity distribution profiles were 2.23% and 2.92%, respectively. Also, analysis of the counts and placement angles showed that 6 vanes rather to 2 and 4 vanes and also angle of 30 degrees rather to angle of 20 degree performs better in action. The other results of this study, are no change in water surface profiles, reduction of the velocity and the amount of shear stress around the piers in different placement conditions including multiple submerged vanes

The effect of hyperthyroidism on the levels of liver enzymes in adult male Wistar rats

 Thyrotoxicosis is a condition in which tissues are stimulated by increased secretion of thyroid hormone. The most common cause is diffuse toxic goiter and toxic multi-nodular goiter. For more reviews on this disease, the effects of hyperthyroidism on liver enzyme levels were studied. A total of 30 adult male Wistar rats weighing about 190 g were purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran. In this study, rats were divided into control group, the group receiving vitamin E, the group receiving levothyroxine, the group receiving levothyroxine treated with vitamin E; blood was taken from all groups over a period of 10 days after injection, and measurement of thyroid hormones and liver tests was made. The findings obtained in this study show that Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) hormone levels in rats treated with levothyroxine, Treatment with vitamin E may reduce serum levels of ISH , Hormone levels of T4 in the rats treated with levothyroxine were increased compared to normal rates. Treatment with vitamin E reduces serum levels of T4 compared to the first hyper group. T4 hormone levels in rats treated with levothyroxine were reduced compared to normal rates. Treatment with vitamin E may reduce serum levels of T4 compared with the first hyper group. Asparagine Transferase (AST) enzyme levels in rats treated with levothyroxine were increased compared, Treatment with vitamin E may reduce serum levels of AST , Alanine transferase (ALT) enzyme levels in rats treated with levothyroxine were increased , Treatment with vitamin E may increase serum levels of ALT , alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme levels in rats treated with levothyroxine has been increased compared with normal rates. Treatment with vitamin E resulted in serum levels of ALT not to be increased compared with the first group. According to the results of hyperthyroidism and levels of liver enzymes, it can be concluded that hyperthyroidism induced by levothyroxine can increase the levels of hormones T3, T4 and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), and then increase the levels of liver enzymes. Treatment of empirical samples with vitamin E is likely to reduce liver damages and prevent the increased levels of liver enzymes compared to empirical samples of hyperthyroidism which have been treated with vitamin E.

Morphological study of RF magnetron sputtered silicon thin films on aisi 304 stainless steel

Silicon thin films on AISI 304 stainless steel were deposited using RF magnetron sputtering. The effect of substrate temperature on the film properties were investigated as the films were prepared at different substrate temperature. Solid phase reaction between Si and Fe from the substrate has led to the formation of single crystal hexagonal shape Fe2Si layer on the surface of 304 stainless steel (cubic crystal). Film morphology characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) showed the films acquired zone T microstructure and surface roughness was increased with temperature. The film adhesion strength was determined according to VDI 3198 standard for Rockwell-C indentation test. Results from indentation showed good films adhesion was formed and no extended delamination of the films was observed

How can nanomicelle-curcumin modulate aluminum phosphide-induced neurotoxicity?: Role of SIRT1/FOXO3 signaling pathway

Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is among the most significant causes of brain toxicity and death in many countries. Curcumin (CUR), a major turmeric component, is a potent protective agent against many diseases, including brain toxicity. This study aimed to examine the probable protection potential of nanomicelle curcumin (nanomicelle-CUR) and its underlying mechanism in a rat model of ALP-induced brain toxicity. A total of 36 Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6) and exposed to ALP (2 mg/kg/day, orally) + CUR or nanomicelle-CUR (100 mg/kg/day, orally) for 7 days. Then, they were anesthetized, and brain tissue samples were dissected to evaluate histopathological alterations, oxidative stress biomarkers, gene expression of SIRT1, FOXO1a, FOXO3a, CAT and GPX in brain tissue via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, biochemical and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods and Real-Time PCR analysis. CUR and nanomicelle-CUR caused significant improvement in ALP-induced brain damage by reducing the MDA levels and induction of antioxidant capacity (TTG, TAC and SOD levels) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GPX), modulation of histopathological changes and up-regulation of gene expression of SIRT1 in brain tissue. It was concluded that nanomicelle-CUR treatment ameliorated the harmful effects of ALP-induced brain toxicity by reducing oxidative stress. Therefore, it could be considered a suitable therapeutic choice for ALP poisoning

The Hepatoprotection Provided by Taurine and Glycine against Antineoplastic Drugs Induced Liver Injury in an Ex Vivo Model of Normothermic Recirculating Isolated Perfused Rat Liver

Taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid) is a non-protein amino acid found in high concentration in different tissues. Glycine (Amino acetic acid) is the simplest amino acid incorporated in the structure of proteins. Several investigations indicate the hepatoprotective properties of these amino acids. On the other hand, antineoplastic agents-induced serum transaminase elevation and liver injury is a clinical complication. The current investigation was designed to screen the possible hepatoprotective properties of taurine and glycine against antineoplastic drugs-induced hepatic injury in an ex vivo model of isolated perfused rat liver. Rat liver was perfused with different concentration (10 µM, 100 µM and 1000 µM) of antineoplastic drugs (Mitoxantrone, Cyclophosphamide, Cisplatin, 5‑Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin and Dacarbazine) via portal vein. Taurine and glycine were administered to drug-treated livers and liver perfusate samples were collected for biochemical measurements (ALT, LDH, AST, and K+). Markers of oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species formation, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity and glutathione) were also assessed in liver tissue. Antineoplastic drugs caused significant pathological changes in perfusate biochemistry. Furthermore, markers of oxidative stress were significantly elevated in drug‑treated livers. It was found that taurine (5 and 10 mM) and glycine (5 and 10 mM) administration significantly mitigated the biomarkers of liver injury and attenuated drug‑induced oxidative stress. Our data indicate that taurine and glycine supplementation might help as potential therapeutic options to encounter anticancer drugs-induced liver injury.</p