Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors and H2 Receptor Antagonists on the Ileum Motility

Objectives. To investigate the effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 receptor antagonists on ileum motility in rats with peritonitis and compare changes with control group rats. Methods. Peritonitis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in 8 rats. Another of 8 rats underwent a sham operation and were accepted as controls. Twenty-four hours later after the operation, the rats were killed, and their ileum smooth muscle was excised and placed in circular muscle direction in a 10 mL organ bath. Changes in amplitude and frequency of contractions were analyzed before and after PPIs and H2 receptor blockers. Results. PPI agents decreased the motility in a dose-dependent manner in ileum in both control and intraabdominal sepsis groups. While famotidine had no significant effect on ileum motility, ranitidine and nizatidine enhanced motility in ileum in both control and intraabdominal sepsis groups. This excitatory effect of H2 receptor antagonists and inhibitor effects of PPIs were significantly high in control group when compared to the peritonitis group. The inhibitor effect of pantoprazole on ileum motility was significantly higher than the other two PPI agents. Conclusions. It was concluded that H2 receptor antagonists may be more effective than PPIs for recovering the bowel motility in the intraabdominal sepsis situation

Apelin has inhibitory effect of endothelium-independent relaxation in the human internal mammary artery

Aim: Apelin has important effects on the circulatory system and heart. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of apelin-13 on the contraction induced by norepinephrine (NE), and the endothelium-independent relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in human internal mammary artery (IMA) obtained from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Material and Methods: IMA rings, obtained from patients undergoing CABG surgery, were suspended in isolated tissue baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution, which were continuously gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 at 37°C. Results: The IMA rings were pre-contracted with increasing concentrations of norepinephrine (NE 10-9–10-4 mol/l) and the endothelium-independent relaxation responses to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were studied. Apelin-13 (10 μM) caused a dosedependent relaxation in NE pre-contracted IMA rings. Apelin also facilitated the endothelium-independent relaxation induced by SNP. Conclusion: According to the results, apelin facilitated the endothelium-independent relaxation and inhibited the contractile activity of IMA. These results suggest that apelin may be a physiological agent against the deterioration of vascular elasticity caused by endothelial damage especially in atherosclerotic cardiac patients and hypertensive patients

Morphometric Evaluation of Coccyx with Microcomputed Tomography (Micro CT) and Computed Tomography (CT) Technology

Aim%253A We investigated the coccyx anatomy accurately in detail by microcomputed tomography (micro CT) and computed tomography (CT) to contribute to the data related to the coccyx anatomy and the potential clinical contribution of these datas in the treatment of coccyxs pathologies. Material and Methods%253A Twenty coccyges from embalmed cadavers were examined with a micro CT device. The inferior part of the sacrum and coccyx together with the surrounding soft tissue was removed safely. The tissue was scanned with a micro CT device, and all parameters were measured with micro CT image viewer programs. CT images of 29 patients without coccyx pathology were measured with OsiriX programs. Measured morphometric parameters with micro CT and CT were evaluated using statistical methods. Results%253A Generally, the morphometric parameters as mean values were larger in males than in females. Mean values for vertical length and coccyx width were higher for CT compared with micro CT images. Coccyx was more flat in the frontal plane in females. There were statistically significant differences between the micro CT and CT images regarding mean vertical length, width, lateral deviation angle, and sacrococcygeal angle and length of the vertebrae (p lt%253B 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in number and width of the vertebrae (p gt%253B 0.05). Conclusion%253A We suggest that examining the normal coccyx morphology will help to better understand and treat the pathologic conditions of the coccyx. We believe our findings will contribute to the data related to the coccyx anatomy

Metabolic dysfu nctio n-As socia ted fatty liver disease and fibrosis status in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated at Internal medicine clinics: Türkiye DAHUDER awareness of fatty liver disease (TR-DAFLD) study

Background/Aims: This awareness study aimed to determine the ultrasound (US) examination rates in relation to US-confirmed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) diagnosis in internal medicine outpatients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) across Turkiye. Materials and Methods: A total of 6283 T2D patients were included in this multicenter retrospective cohort study conducted at 17 internal medicine clinics across Turkiye. The presence and indications for US performed within the last 3 years were recorded along with US-confirmed MAFLD rates, laboratory findings on the day of US, and referral rates. Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index was calculated to estimate the risk of advanced liver fibrosis (FIB-4 index ≥ 1.3). Results: Overall, 1731 (27.6%) of 6283 patients had US examination, which revealed MAFLD diagnosis in 69.9% of cases. In addition, 24.4% of patients with US-confirmed MAFLD were at risk of advanced fibrosis (FIB-4 index ≥ 1.3), and the referral rate was 15.5%. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings emphasize an insufficient MAFLD awareness among clinicians and the likelihood of most of T2D patients to be at risk of living with an unknown status regarding their MAFLD and advanced fibrosis ris

Is Placing Prophylactic Dural Tenting Sutures a Dogma?

Objective In this study, we investigated if and when dural tenting sutures are necessary during craniotomy. Methods Results from 437 patients aged 18 to 91 years (average, 43.5 years) who underwent supratentorial craniotomy between 2014 and 2019 were evaluated. The patients were categorized into 1 of 3 groups, patients who had at least 3 prophylactic dural tenting sutures placed before opening of the dura (group 1), at least 3 dural tenting sutures placed after surgery was completed, during closure (group 2), or no dural tenting sutures (group 3 [control]). All such sutures in groups 1 and 2 were placed in the circumference of the craniotomy and dural junction. No central dural tenting sutures were placed in any of the patients. Results Among the 437 patients, 344 underwent surgery for the first time and 93 were undergoing a second surgery. Cranial computed tomography imaging was performed for each patient 1 hour, 3 days, and 1 month after surgery. In group 1, 3 patients had a cerebral cortex contusion and 2 patients had acute subdural hematoma after the sutures were placed. In groups 2 and 3, none of the patients had a cerebral cortex contusion or acute subdural hematoma. Fewer complications were observed when dural tenting sutures were placed during postsurgical closure. Conclusion Placing dural tenting sutures is an important technique for ensuring hemostasis. However, when not needed, they seem to cause inadvertent complications. As our results suggest, knowing when and where to use them is equally important

Design of a front-end integrated circuit for 3D acoustic imaging using 2D CMUT arrays

Integration of front-end electronics with 2D capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) arrays has been a challenging issue due to the small element size and large channel count. We present design and verification of a front-end drive-readout integrated circuit for 3D ultrasonic imaging using 2D CMUT arrays. The circuit cell dedicated to a single CMUT array element consists of a high-voltage pulser and a low-noise readout amplifier. To analyze the circuit cell together with the CMUT element, we developed an electrical CMUT model with parameters derived through finite element analysis, and performed both the pre- and postlayout verification. An experimental chip consisting of 4 x 4 array of the designed circuit cells, each cell occupying a 200 x 200 mu m(2) area, was formed for the initial test studies and scheduled for fabrication in 0.8 mu m, 50 V CMOS technology. The designed circuit is suitable for integration with CMUT arrays through flip-chip bonding and the CMUT-on-CMOS process

Transmit/receive front-end electronics for 3D acoustic imaging

IEEE;TUBITAK;Istanbul Teknik Universitesi;aselsan;Profilo Telr@Proceedings of the IEEE 12th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference, SIU 2004 -- 28 April 2004 through 30 April 2004 -- Kusadasi -- 64722Tıbbi ultrasonik görüntüleme sistemleri, genel olarak bir çevirici elemanı ve akustik işaretin üretilip algılanmasından sorumlu elektronik oluşmaktadır. Tek boyutlu dönüştürücü dizileriyle, incelenmekte olan ortamın iki boyutlu kesit görüntüsü elde edilmektedir. Dönüştürücü teknolojisindeki son gelişmelerle, iki boyutlu dönüştürücü dizilerinin üretimi gerçekleştirilmiş, böylece üç boyutlu (hacimsel) görüntüleme yapılması mümkün olmuştur[1,2]. Ancak, özellikle Nyquist kriteri, dönüştürücü elemanların boyutlarını sınırladığı için, eleman boyutları oldukça küçülmüştür; bu da algılanan işareti oldukça zayıflatmaktadır. Bu nedenle, kabul edilebilir nitelikteki görüntülerin alınabilmesi için, alıcı-verici elektroniğinin iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, iki boyutlu akustik çeviriciler için CMOS tabanlı ön alıcı-verici devresinin tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Devre, temel olarak, bir yüksek gerilim darbe üretici, alıcı-verici anahtarı, düşük gürültülü ön yükseltici ve dönüştürücü elemanın bağlantı dolgulamasından oluşmaktadır.Medical ultrasonic imaging systems, in general, are composed of a transducer element and the transmit/receive electronics. One dimensional arrays produce a two-dimensional cross-sectional image of the medium. With recent advances in transducer technology, the fabrication of 2-D arrays became feasible, which can be used for 3-D (volumetric) imaging. However, the Nyquist criterion restricts transducer dimensions, which results in relatively less sensitive array elements. Consequently, for an image of acceptable quality, the receiver electronics must be improved. In this study, the design of a CMOS based transmit-receive front-end electronic for 2-D transducer arrays is described. The circuit is composed of a high voltage pulser, a transmit-receive switch, a low noise amplifier, and a bonding pad for connction to the transducer element.IEEE; Tubitak; Istanbul Teknik Univ; Aselsan; Profile Telre; TURCom; Sgi; Datacore; DivitPublisher's Versio

Thin layer drying characteristics of eriste: A dried cereal product of Turkey

WOS: 000207446300002Effect of air temperature (50, 60 and 70 degrees C) and sample thickness (1.0, 1.4 and 1.8 mm) on the thin-layer drying characteristics of eriste was studied by using a tray dryer. The data of sample weight, dry and wet-bulb temperatures were recorded continuously during each experiment and drying curves were obtained. The drying curves were then fitted to five mathematical models available in the literature to estimate a suitable model for drying of eriste. Verma et al. model gave better predictions than other models and satisfactorily described the thin layer characteristics of eriste. The effective diffusivity varied from 1.8 x exp-10 to 1.5 x exp-9 m2 s-1 over the temperature range