Low saturation fluence in a semiconductor saturable electroabsorber mirror operated in a self-biased regime

A semiconductor saturable absorber mirror utilizing the electroabsorption effect on a self-biased stack of extremely shallow quantum wells is proposed and analyzed theoretically and numerically. The saturation flux and recovery time of the proposed device when operated with picosecond incident pulses are shown to compare very favorably with existing all-optical constructions. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics

Theory of direct and indirect effect of two-photon absorption on nonlinear optical losses in high power semiconductor lasers

The effect of the transverse laser structure on two-photon absorption (TPA) related effects in high-power diode lasers is analysed theoretically. The direct effect of TPA is found to depend significantly on the transverse waveguide structure, and predicted to be weaker in broad and asymmetric waveguide designs. The indirect effect of TPA, via carrier generation in the waveguide and free-carrier absorption, is analysed for the case of a symmetric laser waveguide and shown to be strongly dependent on the active layer position. With the active layer near the mode peak, the indirect effect is weaker than the direct effect due to the population of TPA-created carriers being efficiently depleted by their diffusion and capture into the active layer, whereas for the active layer position strongly shifted towards the p-cladding, the indirect effect can become the dominant power limitation at very high currents. It is shown that for optimizing a laser design for pulsed high power operation, both TPA related effects and the inhomogeneous carrier accumulation in the waveguide caused by diffusive current need to be taken into account

Ultrafast harmonic mode-locking of monolithic compound-cavity laser diodes incorporating photonic-bandgap reflectors

We present the first demonstration of reproducible harmonic mode-locked operation from a novel design of monolithic semiconductor laser comprising a compound cavity formed by a 1-D photonic-bandgap (PBG) mirror. Mode-locking (ML) is achieved at a harmonic of the fundamental round-trip frequency with pulse repetition rates from 131 GHz up to a record high frequency of 2.1 THz. The devices are fabricated from GaAs-Al-GaAs material emitting at a wavelength of 860 nm and incorporate two gain sections with an etched PBG reflector between them, and a saturable absorber section. Autocorrelation studies are reported which allow the device behavior for different ML frequencies, compound cavity ratios, and type and number of intra-cavity reflectors to be analyzed. The highly reflective PBG microstructures are shown to be essential for subharmonic-free ML operation of the high-frequency devices. We have also demonstrated that the single PBG reflector can be replaced by two separate features with lower optical loss. These lasers may find applications in terahertz; imaging, medicine, ultrafast optical links, and atmospheric sensing

Threshold and power of pulsed red‐emitting diode lasers with a bulk active layer near p‐cladding under high‐temperature operation

Threshold properties and pulsed output of AlGaInP visible-emitting lasers with an asymmetric waveguide structure and a bulk active layer are analysed. The efects of the current leakage, increased by the heating of the laser due to the proximity of the electrical pulse source and the Joule heating in and around this source are analysed. When optimising the laser design, waveguiding properties of the bulk active layer are shown to be important, leading to threshold currents decreasing, and injection efciency increasing, with active layer thickness in lasers with moderately thick (<0.1 μm) active layers

The Influence of Texting Language on Grammar and Executive Functions in Primary School Children

Contains fulltext : 160590.PDF (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Dynamics of a map with power-law tail

We analyze a one-dimensional piecewise continuous discrete model proposed originally in studies on population ecology. The map is composed of a linear part and a power-law decreasing piece, and has three parameters. The system presents both regular and chaotic behavior. We study numerically and, in part, analytically different bifurcation structures. Particularly interesting is the description of the abrupt transition order-to-chaos mediated by an attractor made of an infinite number of limit cycles with only a finite number of different periods. It is shown that the power-law piece in the map is at the origin of this type of bifurcation. The system exhibits interior crises and crisis-induced intermittency.Comment: 28 pages, 17 figure