The Costs of Medical Care for Covid-19 Patients: A case study in Turkey

Objective: This study aims to calculate the medical costs of Covid-19 patients for hospitals based on the severity of clinical care. Design: The study was conducted in a hospital in Istanbul/Turkey. A micro-costing approach was performed using historical cost data for one year. All direct and indirect medical inputs were determined in quantities and monetary values for four types of Covid-19 patients in the hospital. Results: The analysis calculated the unit cost of an outpatient to be 459,99 ₺, while the cost per day for inpatient to be 1.184,63 ₺, for non-intubated in intensive care unit to be 1.938,11, for intubated in the intensive unit to be 2.393,99₺. The study also indicates that the total cost of a non-intubated patient in intensive care units is 1,54 times higher than the total cost per inpatient. An intubated patient’s cost is 2,08 times higher than an inpatient’s cost. Conclusion: This study indicates that Covid-19 patients incur significantly high costs for hospitals. The findings of the study provide empirical data for different types of patients which can be used in clinical management and can help all related governing bodies to plan their actions and make the decision

Long term results of total parathyroidectomy/autotransplantation without cryopreservation in secondary hyperparathyroidism

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and early-late results of subtotal parathyroidectomy and total parathyroidectomy/auto transplantation without cryopreservation conducted on cases with secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Materials and Methods: 68 patients with secondary HPT who had parathyroidectomy were analysed retrospectively. In group1 (n=47) subtotal parathyroidectomy, in group2 (n=21) total parathyroidectomy/auto transplantation without cryopreservation were performed in our clinic. Patients' demographic characteristics and clinical features were evaluated. Results: In group1 8 patients (14.9%), in group2 17 patients (76.2%) had concurrent thymectomies. The rates of persistant HPT in group1 and group2 were 14.9% (n=7), 4.8% (n=1) respectively. In group2 no recurrent HPT was seen, in group2 10.6% (n=5) of the patients had recurrent HPT. The reasons of persistent and recurrent HPT were ectopic or supernumerary glands in 69.2% (n=9) of the patients. Conclusion:. In patients with end stage renal failure and secondary HPT, bilateral cervical thymectomy concurrent with total parathyroidectomy/auto transplantation without cryopreservation can be applied as a safe and efficient surgical procedure

Linguistic Summarization of Europe Brent Spot Price Time Series Along with the Interpretations from the Perspective of Turkey

Compared to the predictive models for forecasting crude oil price, the descriptive models are also important for discovering the relations among factors that have influence on crude oil price. In this paper, linguistic summarization of time series, a descriptive technique, is used to summarize the Europe Brent Spot Price (EBSP) data (dollars per barrel) from May 1987 to July 2013 on daily and monthly base. This study is the first attempt in the literature for linguistic summarization of the EBSP time series with the aim to establish a decision support tool that can be used for generating linguistic propositions helping the estimation of future behaviors and fluctuations of oil price time series for oil-importer countries such as Turkey. Economic interpretations of generated linguistic propositions about the main features of EBSP trends (duration, dynamics of change, and variability) and a procurement strategy, indicating that Turkey could cut back on oil importation about $573.88 million between 1996 and 2012, are suggested from the perspective of Turkey. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Morphology, taxonomic status and distribution of Trachylepis aurata (LINNEAUS, 1758) in southeast Anatolia

The present morphological study details meristic (pholidosis), morphometric (measurements, ratios) and color-pattern features of Trachylepis aurata (LINNAEUS, 1758) collected from southeast Anatolia, Turkey. The results are compared with literature data obtained from specimens of other Anatolian regions. The occurrence of Trachylepis septemtaeniata (REUSS, 1834) reported from Turkey. is discussed