La Filosofía de Arthur Peacocke

Arthur Peacocke ha sido un prestigioso científico del siglo XX y, a partir de los años 70, se ha dedicado a estudiar las relaciones entre la nueva cosmovisión científica revelada por la ciencia moderna y la concepción teológica de la Creación y de la actuación divina en el mundo. Desarrolló lo que él mismo llama «teísmo naturalista », un modelo que concibe la evolución de «todo- lo-que-hay» a partir de un monismo emergentista compatible con una visión panenteísta de las relaciones entre Dios y el mundo. En este texto describimos las bases de su pensamiento, haciendo énfasis en su cosmovisión científica, su concepción de Dios y de la Creación y su proyecto de rehacer la teología desde la ciencia. -------- Arthur Peacocke has been a distinguished scientist of the twentieth century, and from the 70’s has been studying the relationship between the new scientific worldview revealed by modern science and the theological concept of Creation and the divine action in the world. He developed what he calls «naturalistic theism» a model that conceives the evolution of «all-that-is» from an emergentist monism consistent with a panentheist view of the relations between God and the world. In this text we describe the foundations of his thought, with emphasis on his scientific worldview, his conception of God and of Creation and his project to rebuild theology from science

Volatile Metabolism of Wine Grape Trincadeira: Impact of Infection with Botrytis cinerea

The aroma of grapes is cultivar dependent and is influenced by terroir, vineyard practices, and abiotic and biotic stresses. Trincadeira is a non-aromatic variety associated with low phenolic content and high sugar and organic acid levels. This cultivar, widely used in Portuguese wines, presents high susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea. This work aimed to characterise the volatile profile of Trincadeira grapes and how it changes under infection with B. cinerea. Thirty-six volatile organic compounds were identified, from different functional groups, namely alcohols, ester acetates, fatty acid esters, fatty acids, aldehydes, and products of the lipoxygenase pathway. Both free and glycosidic volatile organic compounds were analysed by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry for component quantification and identification, respectively. A multivariance analysis showed a clear discrimination between healthy and infected grapes with 2-trans-hexenal and isoamyl-acetate among the compounds identified as negative and positive markers of infection, respectively. Ester acetates such as 2-phenylethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, and 2-methylbutyl acetate were present in higher contents in infected samples, whereas the contents of several fatty acid esters, such as ethyl decanoate and ethyl dodecanoate, decreased. These data were integrated with quantitative PCR data regarding genes involved in volatile metabolism and showed up-regulation of a gene coding for Hydroperoxide Lyase 2 in infected grapes. Altogether, these changes in volatile metabolism indicate an impact on the grape quality and may be related to defence against B. cinerea. The presence/absence of specific compounds might be used as infection biomarkers in the assessment of Trincadeira grapes’ qualityinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Realizou-se um estudo para caracterizar a situação epidemiológica da brucelose bovina no Estado do Espírito Santo. O Estado foi dividido em dois circuitos produtores. Em cada circuito foram amostradas aleatoriamente cerca de 300 propriedades e, dentro dessas, foi escolhido de forma aleatória um número pré-estabelecido de animais, dos quais foi obtida uma amostra de sangue. No total, foram amostrados 5.351 animais, provenientes de 622 propriedades. Em cada propriedade amostrada foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para verificar o tipo de exploração e as práticas de criação e sanitárias que poderiam estar associadas ao risco de infecção pela doença. O protocolo de testes utilizado foi o da triagem com o teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado e o reteste dos positivos com o teste do 2-mercaptoetanol. O rebanho foi considerado positivo quando pelo menos um animal foi reagente às duas provas sorológicas. Para o Estado, as prevalências de focos e de animais infectados foram, respectivamente, de 9,0% [7,0-11,6%] e 3,5% [1,9-6,4%]. Para os circuitos, as prevalências de focos e de animais infectados foram, respectivamente, de: circuito 1, 6,8% [4,5-10,2%] e 3,4% [1,3-8,6%]; circuito 2, 10,9% [7,9%-14,8%] e 3,7% [2,1-6,3%]. Os fatores de risco (odds ratio, OR) associados à condição de foco foram: utilização de inseminação artificial (OR = 7,05 [2,51-19,82]) e confinamento/semiconfinamento dos animais (OR = 2,98 [1,22-7,26]). A vacinação de fêmeas entre três e oito meses de idade foi um fator protetor (OR = 0,03 [0,01-0,1]). _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABXTRACTA study to characterize the epidemiological status of brucellosis was carried out in the State of Espírito Santo. The State was divided in two regions. Three hundred herds were randomly sampled in each region and a pre-established number of animals were sampled in each of these herds. A total of 5,351 serum samples from 622 herds were collected. In each herd, it was applied an epidemiological questionnaire focused on herd traits as well as husbandry and sanitary practices that could be associated with the risk of infection. The serum samples were screened for antibodies against Brucella spp. by the Rose-Bengal Test (RBT), and all positive sera were re-tested by the 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME). The herd was considered positive if at least one animal was positive on both RBT and 2-ME tests. The prevalence of infected herds and animals in the State were, respectively, 9.0% [7.0-11.6%] and 3.5% [1.9-6.4%]. The prevalence of infected herds and animals in the regions were, respectively: region 1, 6.8% [4.5-10.2%] and 3.4% [1.3-8.6%]; and region 2, 10.9% [7.9-14.8%] and 3.7% [2.1-6.3%]. The risk factors (odds ratio, OR) associated with the presence of the infection were: use of artificial insemination (OR = 7.05 [2.51-19.82]) and intensive/semi-intensive management systems (OR = 2.98 [1.22-7.26]). Vaccination of heifers from three to eight months of age was a protective factor (OR = 0.03 [0.01-0.1])

The progressive onset of cholinergic and adrenergic control of heart rate during development in the green iguana, Iguana iguana

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T16:16:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-10-01INCT in Comparative PhysiologyFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)National Science FoundationThe autonomic control of heart rate was studied throughout development in embryos of the green iguana, Iguana iguana by applying receptor agonists and antagonists of the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems. Acetylcholine (Ach) slowed or stopped the heart and atropine antagonized the response to Ach indicating the presence of muscarinic cholinoceptors on the heart of early embryos. However, atropine injections had no impact on heart rate until immediately before hatching, when it increased heart rate by 15%. This cholinergic tonus increased to 34% in hatchlings and dropped to 24% in adult iguanas. Although epinephrine was without effect, injection of propranolol slowed the heart throughout development, indicating the presence of beta-adrenergic receptors on the heart of early embryos, possibly stimulated by high levels of circulating catecholamines. The calculated excitatory tonus varied between 33% and 68% until immediately before hatching when it fell to 25% and 29%, a level retained in hatchlings and adults. Hypoxia caused a bradycardia in early embryos that was unaffected by injection of atropine indicating that hypoxia has a direct effect upon the heart. In later embryos and hatchlings hypoxia caused a tachycardia that was unaffected by injection of atropine. Subsequent injection of propranolol reduced heart rate both uncovering a hypoxic bradycardia in late embryos and abolishing tachycardia in hatchlings. Hypercapnia was without effect on heart rate in late stage embryos and in hatchlings. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Rio Claro, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Ciencias Fisiol, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniv N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Dev Integrat Biol Cluster, Denton, TX 76203 USAUniv Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, EnglandUniv Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Rio Claro, SP, BrazilINCT in Comparative Physiology: CNPq 573921/2008-3INCT in Comparative Physiology: FAPESP 2008/57712-4FAPESP: 2012/06938-8FAPESP: 2012/16537-0National Science Foundation: IBN-IOS 084574

Transdermal delivery of bisphosphonates using dissolving and hydrogel-forming microarray patches: Potential for enhanced treatment of osteoporosis

As of 2023, more than 200 million people worldwide are living with osteoporosis. Oral bisphosphonates (BPs)are the primary treatment but can cause gastrointestinal (GI) side effects, reducing patient compliance. Microarray (MAP) technology has the potential to overcome GI irritation by facilitating the transdermal delivery ofBPs. This study examines the delivery of alendronic acid (ALN) and risedronate sodium (RDN) using dissolvingand hydrogel-forming MAPs for osteoporosis treatment. In vivo testing on osteoporotic female Sprague Dawleyrats demonstrated the efficacy of MAPs, showing significant improvements in mean serum and bone alkalinephosphatase levels, bone volume, and porosity compared to untreated bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) controls.Specifically, MAP treatment increased mean bone volume to 55.04 ± 2.25 % versus 47.16 ± 1.71 % in OVXcontrols and reduced porosity to 44.30 ± 2.97 % versus 52.84 ± 1.70 % in the distal epiphysis of the femur. Inthe distal metaphysis, bone volume increased to 43.32 ± 3.24 % in MAP-treated rats compared to 24.31 ± 3.21% in OVX controls, while porosity decreased to 55.39 ± 5.81 % versus 75.69 ± 3.21 % in OVX controls. Thisproof-of-concept study indicates that MAP technology has the potential to be a novel, patient-friendly alternativefor weekly osteoporosis management

Rhesus macaques self-curing from a schistosome infection can display complete immunity to challenge

To date there is only one single drug with modest efficacy and no vaccine available to protect from schistosomiasis. Here, Amaral et al. characterize the self-cure process of rhesus macaques following primary infection and secondary challenge with Schistosoma mansoni to inform future vaccine development studies.The rhesus macaque provides a unique model of acquired immunity against schistosomes, which afflict >200 million people worldwide. By monitoring bloodstream levels of parasite-gut-derived antigen, we show that from week 10 onwards an established infection with Schistosoma mansoni is cleared in an exponential manner, eliciting resistance to reinfection. Secondary challenge at week 42 demonstrates that protection is strong in all animals and complete in some. Antibody profiles suggest that antigens mediating protection are the released products of developing schistosomula. In culture they are killed by addition of rhesus plasma, collected from week 8 post-infection onwards, and even more efficiently with post-challenge plasma. Furthermore, cultured schistosomula lose chromatin activating marks at the transcription start site of genes related to worm development and show decreased expression of genes related to lysosomes and lytic vacuoles involved with autophagy. Overall, our results indicate that enhanced antibody responses against the challenge migrating larvae mediate the naturally acquired protective immunity and will inform the route to an effective vaccine.Cancer Signaling networks and Molecular Therapeutic