Pengaruh Pemberian Apu-Apu (Pistia Stratiotes L) Sebagaipupuk Organik dengan Dosis yang Berbeda terhadap Populasi Kutu Air ( Daphnia SP )

Water flea or Latin (Daphnia sp) is one type of natural food that is very important for natural fish feed. But these water fleas are very rare to find if not cultivated, especially in fresh water. This condition causes water fleas to be limited and need to be cultivated. This study aims to determine the effect of apu-apu (Pistia stratiotes l) as an organic fertilizer with different doses of water flea population (Daphnia sp). Usefulness of the research to provide information on the effects of apu-apu (Pistia stratiotes l) as organic fertilizer with different doses of the water flea population (daphnia sp). This research was conducted for two weeks starting from 02 - 17 May 2017. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries of Palangka Raya Christian University. With the implementation method are: preparation of 9 (nine) aquarium for cultivation media of Daphnia sp, making of organic fertilizer, giving different dose respectively: treatment A: 0,25 gr / ltr water, treatment B: 0,50 gr / ltr water, C: 0.75 gr / ltr water treatment, and water quality observation. The results showed that the dosage of apu-apu (0,25) gr / ltr water, (0,50) gr / ltr water and (0,75) gr / ltr of water had a significant effect on the water flea population. Based on further experimental test of significant difference (BNT) with 99% confidence level, showed treatment A dose 0,25 gr / ltr water better than treatment B dose 0,50 gr / ltr water and treatment C 0,75 gr / ltr water and 0.5 gr / ltr water treatment is better than 0.75 g / ltr water. The average of water quality conditions in the maintenance of water fleas in Aquarium are DO = 5,23-5,29 ml / l, pH = 6,43-7,55, Temperature = 26,34- 26,56 C, TDS = 52,33-60.99 ml / l. Water quality parameters strongly support the presence of water flea population

Environmental DNA: a new low-cost monitoring tool for pathogens in salmonid aquaculture

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is a relatively new monitoring tool featuring in an increasing number of applications such as the facilitation of the accurate and cost effective detection of species in environmental samples. eDNA monitoring is likely to have a major impact on the ability of salmonid aquaculture industry producers and their regulators to detect the presence and abundance of pathogens and other biological threats in the surrounding environment. However, for eDNA metabarcoding to develop into a useful bio-monitoring tool it is necessary to (a) validate that sequence datasets derived from amplification of metabarcoding markers reflect the true species’ identity, (b) test the sensitivity under different abundance levels and environmental noise and (c) establish a low-cost sequencing method to enable the bulk processing of field samples. In this study, we employed an elaborate experimental design whereby different combinations of five biological agents were crossed at three abundance levels and exposed to sterile pre-filtered and unfiltered seawater, prior to coarse filtering and then eDNA ultrafiltration of the resultant material. We then benchmarked the low-cost, scalable, Ion Torrent sequencing method against the current gold-standard Illumina platform for eDNA surveys in aquaculture. Based on amplicon-seq of the 18S SSU rDNA v9 region, we were able to identify two parasites (Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Paramoeba perurans) to species level, whereas the microalgae species Prymnesium parvum, Pseudo-nitzschia seriata, and P. delicatissima could be assigned correctly only to the genus level. Illumina and Ion Torrent provided near identical results in terms of community composition in our samples, whereas Ion Torrent was more sensitive in detecting species richness when the medium was unfiltered seawater. Both methods were able to reflect the difference in relative abundance between treatments in 4 out of 5 species when samples were exposed to the unfiltered seawater, despite the significant amount of background noise from both bacteria and eukaryotes. Our findings indicate that eDNA metabarcoding offers significant potential in the monitoring of species harmful to aquaculture and for this purpose, the low-cost Ion Torrent sequencing is as accurate as Illumina in determining differences in their relative abundance between samples

Vapd In Xylella Fastidiosa Is A Thermostable Protein With Ribonuclease Activity.

Xylella fastidiosa strain 9a5c is a gram-negative phytopathogen that is the causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), a disease that is responsible for economic losses in Brazilian agriculture. The most well-known mechanism of pathogenicity for this bacterial pathogen is xylem vessel occlusion, which results from bacterial movement and the formation of biofilms. The molecular mechanisms underlying the virulence caused by biofilm formation are unknown. Here, we provide evidence showing that virulence-associated protein D in X. fastidiosa (Xf-VapD) is a thermostable protein with ribonuclease activity. Moreover, protein expression analyses in two X. fastidiosa strains, including virulent (Xf9a5c) and nonpathogenic (XfJ1a12) strains, showed that Xf-VapD was expressed during all phases of development in both strains and that increased expression was observed in Xf9a5c during biofilm growth. This study is an important step toward characterizing and improving our understanding of the biological significance of Xf-VapD and its potential functions in the CVC pathosystem.10e014576

Ageing in the critical contact process: a Monte Carlo study

The long-time dynamics of the critical contact process which is brought suddenly out of an uncorrelated initial state undergoes ageing in close analogy with quenched magnetic systems. In particular, we show through Monte Carlo simulations in one and two dimensions and through mean-field theory that time-translation invariance is broken and that dynamical scaling holds. We find that the autocorrelation and autoresponse exponents lambda_{Gamma} and lambda_R are equal but, in contrast to systems relaxing to equilibrium, the ageing exponents a and b are distinct. A recent proposal to define a non-equilibrium temperature through the short-time limit of the fluctuation-dissipation ratio is therefore not applicable.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, Latex2e with IOP macros; final for

Living Invisible: HTLV-1-Infected Persons and the Lack of Care in Public Health

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is commonly confounded with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and it is unknown to many health professionals. It is endemic in many countries and there is no effective treatment available. Although a few individuals have severe symptoms, most patients remain asymptomatic throughout their lives. Further, HTLV-1 is considered a neglected public health problem and limited studies cover specific patients' needs and emotional experiences. To better understand how women and men living with HTLV-1 experience the disease and what issues exist in their healthcare processes, we conducted a qualitative study of both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients at an outpatient clinic at the Emílio Ribas Infectious Diseases Institute in São Paulo, Brazil. We found that the main focus of health staff was on illness risk, but not identifying infected relatives and preventing new infections. This point of view, ultimately neglected patients' complex demands, and overshadows the prevention of new infections and contributes to the lack of care in public health for HTLV-1 infected subjects. Furthermore, this perpetuates the infection among these populations and the patients experience an “invisibility” of their specific needs, such as reproductive rights and feel that their rights as citizens are ignored

Chromosome and DNA methylation dynamics during meiosis in autotetraploid Arabidopsis arenosa

Variation in chromosome number due to polyploidy can seriously compromise meiotic stability. In autopolyploids, the presence of more than two homologous chromosomes may result in complex pairing patterns and subsequent anomalous chromosome segregation. In this context, chromocenter, centromeric, telomeric and ribosomal DNA locus topology and DNA methylation patterns were investigated in the natural autotetraploid, Arabidopsis arenosa. The data show that homologous chromosome recognition and association initiates at telomeric domains in premeiotic interphase, followed by quadrivalent pairing of ribosomal 45S RNA gene loci (known as NORs) at leptotene. On the other hand, centromeric regions at early leptotene show pairwise associations rather than associations in fours. These pairwise associations are maintained throughout prophase I, and therefore likely to be related to the diploid-like behavior of A. arenosa chromosomes at metaphase I, where only bivalents are observed. In anthers, both cells at somatic interphase as well as at premeiotic interphase show 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) dispersed throughout the nucleus, contrasting with a preferential co-localization with chromocenters observed in vegetative nuclei. These results show for the first time that nuclear distribution patterns of 5-mC are simultaneously reshuffled in meiocytes and anther somatic cells. During prophase I, 5-mC is detected in extended chromatin fibers and chromocenters but interestingly is excluded from the NORs what correlates with the pairing patter

Avaliação do Ensino de Empreendedorismo entre Estudantes Universitários por meio do Perfil Empreendedor

Entrepreneurship is a socioeconomic phenomenon that has been valued for its influence on the growth and development of regional and national economies. The main promoter of this phenomenon are entrepreneurs, subjects endowed with multiple features that make up their profiles. They are dynamic and results oriented, benefitting from the fruits of their own personal efforts. Entrepreneurial education is highlighted as one of the most efficient ways to promote an entrepreneurial culture and train new entrepreneurs. However, some difficulty has been observed in assessing the effectiveness of teaching and learning this subject. The objective of this study was to analyze, by means of multivariate techniques, an instrument whose function is to measure the learning of Entrepreneurship, verifying the change in entrepreneur profiles of 407 college students participating or not in an entrepreneurial training process. The results showed that students who participated in Entrepreneurship educational training activities showed significant changes in their entrepreneurial profiles. The main contributions showed growth in the Self-realization, Planner, Innovative and Risks Assumed dimensions