19 research outputs found
Smart city projects and improvement of public service supply chains
International audienceThe involvement in smart city initiatives is a key factor of changes in modern cities. It drives the integration of ICT, the development of collaborative behaviours, and the involvement of people in the life of the city. This paper is interested in the impact of such initiatives on the performance of public services and on the supply chains that provide these services. Based on the example of the Toulouse metropolis in France, it shows that smart city initiatives are becoming a vector for instilling continuous improvement in public services
MĂ©thodes et outils de la performance industrielle au service de la fonction publique
La transposition de mĂ©thodes d'amĂ©lioration des performances industrielles au secteur tertiaire est une dĂ©marche entreprise depuis plus dâune trentaine dâannĂ©e, avec des cibles incluant des entitĂ©s appartenant Ă la fonction publique. Cette dĂ©marche est cohĂ©rente avec des mĂ©thodes et rĂ©formes cadrant ce secteur d'activitĂ©, telles que la NMP (Nouveau Management Public) et la LOLF (Loi Organique relative aux Lois de Finances). Ces pratiques ont Ă©tĂ© Ă l'origine d'amĂ©liorations dans des domaines transversaux, comme le pilotage de la chaĂźne logistique du secteur et l'amĂ©lioration de la chaĂźne de valeur, mais restent marginales. L'utilisation de ces mĂ©thodes, souvent perçues comme entrainant une diminution du service Ă l'usager, reste en effet trĂšs controversĂ©e au sein du secteur public. Cette communication a pour but de mettre en avant l'intĂ©rĂȘt que peut avoir le secteur public Ă sâinspirer des mĂ©thodes "industrielles", ainsi que la nĂ©cessitĂ© de les redĂ©finir pour quâelles deviennent pleinement applicables Ă la fonction publique
First Detection of Polarization of the Submillimetre Diffuse Galactic Dust Emission by Archeops
We present the first determination of the Galactic polarized emission at 353
GHz by Archeops. The data were taken during the Arctic night of February 7,
2002 after the balloon--borne instrument was launched by CNES from the Swedish
Esrange base near Kiruna. In addition to the 143 GHz and 217 GHz frequency
bands dedicated to CMB studies, Archeops had one 545 GHz and six 353 GHz
bolometers mounted in three polarization sensitive pairs that were used for
Galactic foreground studies. We present maps of the I, Q, U Stokes parameters
over 17% of the sky and with a 13 arcmin resolution at 353 GHz (850 microns).
They show a significant Galactic large scale polarized emission coherent on the
longitude ranges [100, 120] and [180, 200] deg. with a degree of polarization
at the level of 4-5%, in agreement with expectations from starlight
polarization measurements. Some regions in the Galactic plane (Gem OB1,
Cassiopeia) show an even stronger degree of polarization in the range 10-20%.
Those findings provide strong evidence for a powerful grain alignment mechanism
throughout the interstellar medium and a coherent magnetic field coplanar to
the Galactic plane. This magnetic field pervades even some dense clouds.
Extrapolated to high Galactic latitude, these results indicate that
interstellar dust polarized emission is the major foreground for PLANCK-HFI CMB
polarization measurement.Comment: Submitted to Astron. & Astrophys., 14 pages, 12 Fig., 2 Table
Temperature and polarization angular power spectra of Galactic dust radiation at 353 GHz as measured by Archeops
We present the first measurement of temperature and polarization angular
power spectra of the diffuse emission of Galactic dust at 353 GHz as seen by
Archeops on 20% of the sky. The temperature angular power spectrum is
compatible with that provided by the extrapolation to 353 GHz of IRAS and DIRBE
maps using \cite{fds} model number 8. For Galactic latitudes deg
we report a 4 sigma detection of large scale ()
temperature-polarization cross-correlation and set upper limits to the and modes at . For Galactic latitudes deg, on the same
angular scales, we report a 2 sigma detection of temperature-polarization
cross-correlation . These
results are then extrapolated to 100 GHz to estimate the contamination in CMB
measurements by polarized diffuse Galactic dust emission. The signal is
then and for and 10 deg.
respectively. The upper limit on and becomes . If polarized dust emission at higher Galactic latitude cuts is
similar to the one we report here, then dust polarized radiation will be a
major foreground for determining the polarization power spectra of the CMB at
high frequencies above 100 GHz.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, submitted to A
The Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Power Spectrum measured by Archeops
We present a determination by the Archeops experiment of the angular power
spectrum of the cosmic microwave background anisotropy in 16 bins over the
multipole range l=15-350. Archeops was conceived as a precursor of the Planck
HFI instrument by using the same optical design and the same technology for the
detectors and their cooling. Archeops is a balloon-borne instrument consisting
of a 1.5 m aperture diameter telescope and an array of 21 photometers
maintained at ~100 mK that are operating in 4 frequency bands centered at 143,
217, 353 and 545 GHz. The data were taken during the Arctic night of February
7, 2002 after the instrument was launched by CNES from Esrange base (Sweden).
The entire data cover ~ 30% of the sky.This first analysis was obtained with a
small subset of the dataset using the most sensitive photometer in each CMB
band (143 and 217 GHz) and 12.6% of the sky at galactic latitudes above 30
degrees where the foreground contamination is measured to be negligible. The
large sky coverage and medium resolution (better than 15 arcminutes) provide
for the first time a high signal-to-noise ratio determination of the power
spectrum over angular scales that include both the first acoustic peak and
scales probed by COBE/DMR. With a binning of Delta(l)=7 to 25 the error bars
are dominated by sample variance for l below 200. A companion paper details the
cosmological implications.Comment: A&A Letter, in press, 6 pages, 4 figures, see also
http://www.archeops.or
Archeops: A High Resolution Large Sky Balloon Experiment for Mapping CMB Anisotropies
Archeops is a balloon-borne instrument dedicated to measuring cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies at high angular resolution (8 arcminutes) over a large fraction (25%) of the sky in the millimetre domain. Based on Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) technology, cooled bolometers (0.1 K) scan the sky in total power mode with large circles at constant elevation. During the course of a 24-hour Arctic-night balloon flight, Archeops will observe a complete annulus on the sky in four frequency bands centered at 143, 217, 353 and 545 GHz with an expected sensitivity to CMB fluctuations of \~100muK for each of the 90 thousand 20 arcminute average pixels. We describe the instrument and its performance obtained during a test flight from Trapani (Sicily) to Spain in July 1999
Smart City approach as a new framework for the integration of industrial engineering methods in the public sector supply chain
Le secteur public est un domaine en perpĂ©tuelle mutation, de par la pression Ă©conomique actuelle mais aussi du fait des progrĂšs technologiques constants. C'est en particulier le cas des collectivitĂ©s territoriales, dans lesquelles les agents du secteur public sont soumis Ă de fortes pressions, notamment par la nĂ©cessitĂ© d'assurer un service de qualitĂ© aux usagers tout en minimisant les coĂ»ts engagĂ©s, mais Ă©galement du fait de devoir dĂ©velopper de nouvelles compĂ©tences pour rĂ©pondre Ă des exigences en Ă©volution. Les projets actuels, impliquant de multiples technologies et le besoin de travailler en synergie avec les acteurs territoriaux, sont devenus primordiaux pour la gestion des chaĂźnes logistiques du secteur public. Le domaine du gĂ©nie industriel a dĂ©veloppĂ© diverses mĂ©thodes pouvant rĂ©pondre Ă ces nouveaux besoins. Ces mĂ©thodes englobent diffĂ©rentes thĂ©ories et pratiques allant du progrĂšs permanent Ă la gestion de la chaĂźne logistique jusquâĂ la gestion de la relation client. Ces pratiques visent avant tout Ă amĂ©liorer la coordination et l'intĂ©gration de toutes les activitĂ©s nĂ©cessaires Ă l'Ă©laboration dâun produit ou un service. Lâapparition de nouvelles dĂ©marches, telles que la Smart City, lĂ©gitime la mise en pratique de mĂ©thodes industrielles pour la gestion de services rĂ©pondant Ă lâintĂ©rĂȘt gĂ©nĂ©ral dâun territoire. DĂšs lors, l'objectif de ce travail a Ă©tĂ© de transposer aux collectivitĂ©s territoriales des mĂ©thodes issues du gĂ©nie industriel, en sâappuyant sur la dĂ©marche de la Smart City, afin de permettre une synergie entre les partenaires, tout en augmentant la productivitĂ© de lâorganisation dans la fourniture de services publics plus performants.The public sector is a domain in perpetual transformation, due to current economic pressure and constant technological progress. This is particularly the case in Urban Communities, where employees are under intense pressure, notably by the need to ensure services of high quality to their users while minimizing the costs incurred, but also because of the necessity to develop new skills to meet the new requirements of the sector. Current projects involving multiple technologies, the need to work in synergy with the territorial actors becomes essential for the management of the public sector supply chains. The field of industrial engineering has developed various methods which can address these new needs for the public sector. These methods include various theories and practices going from continuous improvement to Supply Chain Management, including customer relationship management. These practices aim above all at improving the coordination and integration of all activities necessary to the development of a product or service. The emergence of new approaches, such as the Smart City, legitimizes the application of industrial methods for the management of services answering the general interest of a territory. Consequently, the objective of this work is to adapt to the Urban Communities of the methods derived defined in industrial engineering and to integrate the approach of Smart City to improve the synergy between the partners, while increasing the productivity of the organization in the supply of more efficient public services
La démarche Smart City comme nouveau cadre d'intégration des méthodes issues du génie industriel dans les chaßnes logistiques de la fonction publique
The public sector is a domain in perpetual transformation, due to current economic pressure and constant technological progress. This is particularly the case in Urban Communities, where employees are under intense pressure, notably by the need to ensure services of high quality to their users while minimizing the costs incurred, but also because of the necessity to develop new skills to meet the new requirements of the sector. Current projects involving multiple technologies, the need to work in synergy with the territorial actors becomes essential for the management of the public sector supply chains. The field of industrial engineering has developed various methods which can address these new needs for the public sector. These methods include various theories and practices going from continuous improvement to Supply Chain Management, including customer relationship management. These practices aim above all at improving the coordination and integration of all activities necessary to the development of a product or service. The emergence of new approaches, such as the Smart City, legitimizes the application of industrial methods for the management of services answering the general interest of a territory. Consequently, the objective of this work is to adapt to the Urban Communities of the methods derived defined in industrial engineering and to integrate the approach of Smart City to improve the synergy between the partners, while increasing the productivity of the organization in the supply of more efficient public services.Le secteur public est un domaine en perpĂ©tuelle mutation, de par la pression Ă©conomique actuelle mais aussi du fait des progrĂšs technologiques constants. C'est en particulier le cas des collectivitĂ©s territoriales, dans lesquelles les agents du secteur public sont soumis Ă de fortes pressions, notamment par la nĂ©cessitĂ© d'assurer un service de qualitĂ© aux usagers tout en minimisant les coĂ»ts engagĂ©s, mais Ă©galement du fait de devoir dĂ©velopper de nouvelles compĂ©tences pour rĂ©pondre Ă des exigences en Ă©volution. Les projets actuels, impliquant de multiples technologies et le besoin de travailler en synergie avec les acteurs territoriaux, sont devenus primordiaux pour la gestion des chaĂźnes logistiques du secteur public. Le domaine du gĂ©nie industriel a dĂ©veloppĂ© diverses mĂ©thodes pouvant rĂ©pondre Ă ces nouveaux besoins. Ces mĂ©thodes englobent diffĂ©rentes thĂ©ories et pratiques allant du progrĂšs permanent Ă la gestion de la chaĂźne logistique jusquâĂ la gestion de la relation client. Ces pratiques visent avant tout Ă amĂ©liorer la coordination et l'intĂ©gration de toutes les activitĂ©s nĂ©cessaires Ă l'Ă©laboration dâun produit ou un service. Lâapparition de nouvelles dĂ©marches, telles que la Smart City, lĂ©gitime la mise en pratique de mĂ©thodes industrielles pour la gestion de services rĂ©pondant Ă lâintĂ©rĂȘt gĂ©nĂ©ral dâun territoire. DĂšs lors, l'objectif de ce travail a Ă©tĂ© de transposer aux collectivitĂ©s territoriales des mĂ©thodes issues du gĂ©nie industriel, en sâappuyant sur la dĂ©marche de la Smart City, afin de permettre une synergie entre les partenaires, tout en augmentant la productivitĂ© de lâorganisation dans la fourniture de services publics plus performants
Proposition d'une modélisation pour l'amélioration des performances du secteur public
Le congrĂšs a pour titre "L'essor des systĂšmes connectĂ©s dans l'industrie et les services"International audienceLe secteur public, comme toute organisation, cherche Ă amĂ©liorer sa performance tout en conservant ou amĂ©liorant le service rendu aux usagers et citoyens. Dans une logique dâamĂ©lioration continue, les mĂ©thodes existantes issues du progrĂšs permanent dans lâindustrie peuvent ĂȘtre adaptĂ©es afin dâintĂ©grer les spĂ©cificitĂ©s du secteur public. Cet article prĂ©sente un cadre de modĂ©lisation pour les services publics incluant lamesure de performance et lâintĂ©gration dâactions dâamĂ©lioration dans un souci dâagilitĂ©. Il montre la nĂ©cessitĂ© dâintĂ©grer les composantes de cet environnement afin de dĂ©velopper des modĂšles de rĂ©fĂ©rence utiles Ă la modĂ©lisation globale. La cohĂ©rence de ces modĂšles est prĂ©sentĂ©e sur un cas dâĂ©tude basĂ© sur lâexpĂ©rimentation dâune application visant, entre autres, Ă informer les usagers des menus proposĂ©s dans les cantines scolaires approvisionnĂ©es par la cuisine centrale de Toulouse MĂ©tropole
Contrasted microcolinearity and gene evolution within a homoeologous region of wheat and barley species
UMR DIAPC, UMR DAP Ă©quipe DGBWe study here the evolution of genes located in the same physical locus using the recently sequenced Ha locus in seven wheat genomes in diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species and compared them with barley and rice orthologous regions. We investigated both the conservation of microcolinearity and the molecular evolution of genes, including coding and noncoding sequences. Microcolinearity is restricted to two groups of genes (Unknown gene-2, VAMP, BGGP, Gsp-1, and Unknown gene-8 surrounded by several copies of ATPase), almost conserved in rice and barley, but in a different relative position. Highly conserved genes between wheat and rice run along with genes harboring different copy numbers and highly variable sequences between close wheat genomes. The coding sequence evolution appeared to be submitted to heterogeneous selective pressure and intronic sequences analysis revealed that the molecular clock hypothesis is violated in most case