Characterization of ammonia emissions from ground level area sources at central texas dairies

There is a need for a robust and accurate technique to measure ammonia (NH3) emissions from animal feeding operations (AFOs) to obtain emission inventories and to develop abatement strategies. Seasonal studies were conducted to measure NH3 emissions from open-lot and free-stall dairies in central Texas since summer of 2003. Ammonia emission flux (EFl) was measured using an isolation flux chambers (FC) protocol from ground level area sources (GLAS) and converted to emission factor (EF) to potentially develop source specific NH3 emission control strategies. The GLAS including open-lots, free-stall barns, separated solids, primary and secondary lagoons and milking parlor were sampled to estimate NH3 emissions. In the first study, assessment of summer and winter data from the open-lot dairy indicated that overall NH3 EFs were 11.6 ±7.1 kg NH3 year-1 head-1 for the summer and 6.2 ±3.7 kg NH3 year-1 head-1 for the winter season. The estimated annual NH3 EF was 9.4 ±5.7 kg NH3 year-1 head-1 for this open-lot dairy. The estimated NH3 emission factor for winter was nearly 47% lower than summer EF. Open-lot corrals (~63%) in summer and (~95%) in winter were the highest contributors to NH3 emissions for the open-lot dairy. In the second study, the EFs for the free-stall dairy were determined to be 11.1 ±4.9 kg NH3 year-1 head-1 for summer season and 4.7± 4.9 kg NH3 year-1 head-1 for winter season. The estimated annual NH3 EF was 8.4 ±4.9 kg NH3 year-1 head-1 for this free-stall dairy. In winter, composted manure and free-stalls contributed nearly 73% to the total NH3 emissions for the dairy. However in summer, approximately 65% of overall NH3 emissions were contributed by two lagoons at the dairy. The overall differences between winter and summer NH3 emissions from the dairies were due to ambient temperature variations and loading rates of manure on GLAS. There was spatial variation of NH3 emissions from the open-lot earthen corrals due to variable animal density within different divisions of the open-lot. This spatial variability was attributed to dispirit manure loading within these areas

A New Anatomical Plate for Extra-Articular Distal Humeral Fractures: Biomechanical Study

Introduction: We compared the mechanical properties of two fixation techniques for the treatment of extra-articular distal third humeral fractures. Materials and Methods: Two groups were created from twenty-four humeri. Group 1 was instrumented using a new, precontoured, 8-hole (3.5-mm-diameter) locking compression plate (LCP) placed anterolaterally. Group 2 was instrumented using an 8-hole (3.5-mm-diameter) precontoured posterolateral LCP plate placed on the distal humerus. Four-point bending tests and torsion tests were performed until the specimens broke. Results: The four-point bending stiffness test showed that the stiffness of anterolaterally fixed humeri was significantly higher than that of posterolaterally fixed humeri (p0.05). Conclusions: The anterolateral plate exhibited higher bending stiffness and torsional yield strength than the posterolateral plate. Anterolateral plate fixation can thus be used to manage extra-articular distal humeral fractures. Multiaxial locking screws ensure rigid fixation, allow early elbow motion without olecranon fossa impingement, and prevent iatrogenic injury of the triceps muscle. Level of Evidence I, Therapeutic Studies Investigating the Results of Treatment

Modeling of noise levels of Balıkesir University Campus with CadnaA

Her geçen gün artan nüfusla birlikte oluşan hızlı ve düzensiz şehirleşme çevresel gürültü sorununu da beraberinde getirmektedir. Öyle ki, Çevresel Gürültünün Değerlendirilmesi ve Yönetimi Yönetmeliği gereğince “eğitim kurumları” gürültü açısından en hassas mekânlardan biri olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu nedenle, yaklaşık 20.000 kişinin (öğrenci ve personel) gün boyu fiilen bulunduğu Balıkesir Üniversitesi Çağış kampüs ortamının gün içinde maruz kaldığı gürültü seviyelerine ait gürültü haritalarının oluşturulması amaç edinilmiştir. Balıkesir Üniversitesi bünyesinde ilk defa yapılacak olan bu çalışma ile kampüs alanını içerisinde ki hassas noktalar olan fakülteler ve üniversite araştırma hastanesinin maruz kaldığı gürültü kirliliğinin temel kaynakları, incelenen mekânlara ait sabah ve akşam gürültü seviyeleri analiz edilmiş olup elde edilen sonuç ve çözüm önerileri çalışmamızda sunulmuştur. Çağış Kampüs‘ünde en yüksek gürültü seviyelerinin ölçüldüğü yerler (Leq); İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi (İBF) öğrenci kantini 67,3 dB(A), Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi (FEF) öğrenci kantini 66,1 dB(A) gibi sosyal amaçlı ortak kullanım alanlarında gürültü aşımı gözlemlenmiştir. Mühendislik ve Mimarlık fakültesi ve Meslek Yüksek Okulunda sınır aşımı 65 dB(A) olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, Balıkesir Üniversitesi araştırma hastanesi, modellenmiş sonuçları incelendiğinde 60,2 dB(A) ve 62,6 dB(A)’lık bir gürültü kirliliğine maruz kaldığı ve yasal sınırı aşmadığı gözlemlenmiştir.Environmental noise problem may be occurred due to rapid and disorganized urbanization caused by the growing population. According to the Assesment of Environmental Noise and Management Regulation, "educational institutions" are expressed as one of the most sensitive places in terms of noise. For this reason, it was aimed to create noise maps of the noise levels exposed during the office hours of the days in Cagis Campus at Balikesir University where approximately 20,000 people (students and staff members) are located. In this study, which was held for the first time, the main sources of noise pollution levels that might be exposed by faculties and university research hospitals in the campus area, day and night time noise pollution levels of the study area were analyzed and the results were presented together with solution suggestion in this study. The places, where the highest noise levels were measured at the Cagis Campus (Leq), exceed the limits in Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences (İİBF) as to be 67.3 dB(A), and on the limit Faculty of Science and Letters (FEF) as to be 66.1 dB(A) in public areas for social purposes such as student’s cafés. The Faculty Engineering and Architecture and Vocational School did not have an over-limit of 65 dB(A). In addition, Balıkesir University research hospital was exposed to 60.2 dB(A) and 62.6 dB(A) noise according to the modeling results and did not exceed legal limit

Relationship between Coronal Alignment and Posterior Tibial Slope in the Lower Extremity

Abstract Purpose: To restore the normal axial alignment of the lower extremity is important in reconstructive knee surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate lower-limb alignment and posterior tibial slope. Methods: Thirty-two male and 32 female outpatients aged 22 to 46 were recruited. A full weight-bearing anteroposterior radiograph of the entire lower limb was obtained for each subject. The axial alignment was measured based on the centers of the femoral head, knee, and ankle. The tibiofemoral (TF), tibial joint (TJ), and posterior tibial slope (TS) angles were determined. Results: The mean TF angle was more varus in women (177.8˚) than men (179.2˚), and the mean TJ angle was more medially inclined in women than men. Women had a greater TJ angle than men (93.3˚ vs. 91.6˚). The mean posterior TS was greater in men than women (16.0˚ vs. 12.5˚, p < 0.05), while the mean TS angle was greater in women (14.8˚) than men (12.3˚). Conclusion: Knee alignment and geometry vary among populations. In our study, the TF angle was varus among all participants. The knee joint was more medially inclined in women than men. And also the posterior TS was greater in women than men

Finite element analysis on the optimal material choice and cavity design parameters for MOD inlays exposed to different force vectors and magnitudes

WOS: 000386328700002This simulation study evaluated the effect of three different inlay materials (composite, glass ceramic, zirconia), cavity design parameters (isthmus width and depth) and different force vectors and magnitudes on the stress distribution within mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) inlays and the remaining enamel and dentin. The mechanical performance of inlays was evaluated using 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) method. Three different restoration materials and hard tissues of the restored tooth with different cavity depth (2-5mm) and width (2-4mm) were exposed to occlusal loading with different magnitudes from 10 to 130kg at varying angles between 0 degrees and 15 degrees. The maximum von Mises stresses were calculated for the inlays, tooth structure and bonded surfaces. Response Surface Optimization method was implemented into the finite element software package in order to design cavity shapes with more favourable interfacial stresses for bonded restorations under occlusal loading. Teeth restored with resin composite exhibited the highest von Mises Stress, followed by glass ceramic and zirconia. The increase in isthmus width decreased interfacial shear stresses in zirconia MOD inlay but the increase in cavity depth did not change the stress levels for all three materials. According to mechanical safety factor, inlay and tooth structure remained within the mechanical limits in three parameters (material, magnitude of force, cavity shape) but negatively affected by the force vector

Management of erosion of inflatable penile prosthesis reservoir into bladder. A different approach

We report a rare case of erosion of an inflatable penile prosthesis reservoir into the bladder that was managed with a different approach from the literature by preserving the existing reservoir. Inflatable penile implant was applied to a 54-year-old male patient who had undergone with a robot-assisted radical prostatectomy operation due to localized prostate cancer 2 years before. Two months after the operation, the patient referred to our clinic with predominant symptoms of lower urinary tract system associated with scrotal pain and swelling. The urinary system ultrasonography (USG) and the lower abdomen magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated that the reservoir of the penile prosthesis was in the bladder. Cystoscopy confirmed that the reservoir was in the bladder. According to literature the reservoir was surgically removed from bladder. After bladder repair, the rectus muscles were repaired creating a space between the rectus muscle and the skin, where the reservoir was placed. After postoperative observation, the patient was discharged without any infection and regression of the lower urinary tract symptoms. No problem was referred by using the penile prosthesis when at 1-month and 3-month follow up and the patient was not uncomfortable in this regard. In conclusion no drawback occurred by using the old reservoir

Seasonal Ammonia Emissions from a Free-Stall Dairy in Central Texas

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Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

An investigation of industrial carbon monoxide depositions using AERMOD dispersion model

Bu çalışma, özellikle kış mevsimlerinde yoğun hava kirliliğinin yaşandığı Balıkesir ili için yapılmış ilk hava kalitesi modelleme çalışmasıdır. Balıkesir il merkezinde bulunan bir sanayi işletmesinden atmosferik karbonmonoksit (CO) salınımlarının kent merkezine olan olası etkileri mevcut meteorolojik ve yüzey topoğrafya özellikleri dikkate alınarak incelenmiş ve CO salınımlarına ait yeryüzü konsantrasyonlarının dağılımlarını gösteren haritalar AERMOD ile oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Balıkesir ili için uzun yıllık hakim rüzgar yönü Kuzey (N) ve Kuzey-Doğu (NE) yönlü olarak belirlenmiştir ve kaynaktan yayılan maksimum günlük 8 saatlik ortalama CO konsantrasyonu modelleme sonucuna göre 34,01 μg.m-3 olarak tahmin edilmektedir. Bu nedenle, tahmin edilen CO seviyelerinin yasal sınırları aşmadığı ve şehir merkezine olumsuz bir etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca incelenen kaynağa yakın kabul edilebilecek yerde tam teşekküllü bir hastanenin olması, yapılan çalışmayı daha önemli bir hale getirmektedir. Modelleme sonucuna göre, kaynaktan salınan maksimum günlük 8 saatlik ortalama CO konsantrasyonu yaklaşık 10 μg.m-3 olarak tahmin edilmiş olup, bu değerin yine aynı yönetmelikte izin verilen yasal sınırları aşmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarının, halkın bilinçlendirilmesine katkı sağlanması ve yerel otoriteye karar alma sürecinde öneriler sunulması da ayrıca çalışma kapsamında önem arz etmektedir.This study is the first air quality modeling study for downtown Balikesir where intense air pollution levels are experienced during the winter seasons. The possible effects of atmospheric carbonmonoxide (CO) emissions from an industrial operation in downtown Balikesir were examined by taking into consideration the existing meteorological and surface topography characteristics and the maps showing the distributions of the ground level concentrations for CO releases were created by using the AERMOD.According to the results, the prevailing wind direction was determined as North (N) and North-East (NE) for Balikesir province, and the maximum daily 8-hour means of CO concentration emitted from the source was estimated as 34,01 μg.m-3 for the modeling study. For this reason, it has been determined that the modeled CO concentrations do not exceed the legal limits and there is no adverse effect on the downtown area. In addition, the fact that, there was a full-scaled hospital that was located nearby the source. The location of hospital complex made the air quality modeling study more significant. According to the modeling result, the maximum daily 8-hour means of CO concentration released from the source was estimated to be about 10 μg.m-3 for the hospital area. It has also been determined that the modeled value for hospital does not exceed the legal limits as states in the regulation. Within the scope of the study, the obtained results are also important due to contribution to raising public awareness and also provide suggestions to local authority in decision-making process

Tourniquet use during total knee arthroplasty does not offer significant benefit: A retrospective cohort study

WOS: 000357389300022PubMed ID: 25917205Introduction: Tourniquets are routinely employed during total knee arthroplasty; however, their use remains controversial. Methods: This study investigates the efficacy and safety of this practice. A retrospective analysis of 186 patients was performed to assess benefits and/or risks associated with tourniquet use during knee arthroplasty. Total knee arthroplasty was performed using the Biomet Vanguard (R) PCL Prosthesis (Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA). In total, 126 patients who had undergone total knee arthroplasty were included in our final analysis. Results: Patients with tourniquets had significantly less intraoperative blood loss than patients without (P < .001); patients without tourniquets required more blood transfusions (P = .551), and had significantly longer surgical times (P = .011). However, patients with tourniquets had more postoperative blood loss (P < .001), longer hospital stays (P = .013), and more frequent complications (P = .571). Blood transfusion requirement was significantly associated with complications (P < .001). Conclusions: Tourniquet use provided no overall benefit