Comparing the effects of nursing versus peer-based education methods on the preoperative anxiety in infertile women: An RCT

Background: Preoperative anxiety is a common event in patients expecting surgery. Education can play an important role in reducing the negative effects of anxiety on the response to treatment. Therefore, identifying the appropriate method is important. Objective: The aim of this study was comparing the effects of nursing versus peer-based education on the preoperative anxiety in infertile women. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 198 eligible infertile women were randomized into three groups (n= 66/each): the nurse-educated, peer-educated, and the controls. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was filled out by all participants for measuring the patient anxiety at the time of hospital admission and prior to surgery. Participants in the nurse-educated and peer-educated groups received a group education program by a nurse or peer, respectively, after the initial completion of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results: The mean score anxiety was 44.47, 46.92, and 42.60 at the time of hospital admission and 39.38, 41.06, and 43.42 prior to surgery in nurse-educated, peer-educated, and the control groups, respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean score of anxiety in each group before and after the intervention (p < 0.0001). However, the difference between the groups was not significant. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that nursing and peer education programs both reduce the preoperative anxiety. Hence, optimal use of the peer's potential regarding the compensation for staff shortage for preoperative education as well as investigating the effect of individual education is suggested for further studies. Key words: Education, Infertility, Preoperative anxiety, Nurse, Peer

A Study of Iranian Scientific Productions on Patenting and its Comparison with those of Scientifically Advanced Countries

This scientometric research was conducted through correlation-analysis, and intended to assess the correlation between publications and patents both in developed countries and in Iran. The present study was performed using scientometric methodology and used USPTO for patent data and Scopus for publication data from 2015 to 2019. This study applied both parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses. Moreover, the Spearman Correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between variables and types of variables. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS1 software. The relationship between these two variables was significant in each of the years under study. Different types of scientific documents, such as books, articles, and conference papers, were assessed. The Pearson Correlation analysis between these types of documents showed significance at 0.01 level in  the articles with the correlation coefficient of 0.858, books with the correlation coefficient of 0.867, and conference papers with the correlation coefficient of 0.874, which was related to the extent of patenting. The subject areas related to social sciences and humanities, engineering and technical sciences, medical sciences, and biological sciences with the correlation coefficients of 0.866, 0.861, 0.843, and 0.834, respectively, at 0.01 level, revealed a significant relationship between the studied countries’ scientific output in these subject areas and the extent of patenting. The results of the present research showed that there was a positive relationship between the studied countries’ scientific output and their level of patenting. The countries that enjoy high levels of scientific output have more inventions. However, the results for Iran indicated that the growth in scientific output has had an insignificant effect on the country’s invention rate

Corrigendum to “Comparing the effects of nursing versus peer-based education methods on the preoperative anxiety in infertile women: An RCT” [Int J Reprod BioMed 2019; 17: 883-890]

This is a Corrigendum to “Comparing the effects of nursing versus peer-based education methods on the preoperative anxiety in infertile women: An RCT” [Int J Reprod BioMed 2019; 17: 883-890] and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML

Identifying Code Hero In Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell To Arms and The Sun Also Rises

This research looks at Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms and The Sun Also Rises in order to explore the specific characteristics found in Hemingway's code hero as these heroes share certain attitudes and characteristics found in all Hemingway's novels. This project wants to illustrate the Phillip Young's concept of code hero in Hemingway's selected novels as he is the first scholar who has created characteristics Hemingway's code hero for the first time. He has named these heroes "code hero" due to certain characteristics such as sense of nothingness, grace under pressure, courage and dignity that recur through all these code heroes. By introducing this type of hero, Hemingway has added a new branch to the theory of heroism. By using heroism theory this project wants to illustrate the fundamental similarities and differences of this new type of hero with other definitions in heroism theory. This research will next examine the complexities and integrities found in Hemingway's code hero. Due to direct relationship between Hemingway's background and his code heroes, this thesis also discusses how Hemingway tries to foreshadow his own life and moralities in his code heroes and will relate the creation of this certain hero to the characteristics of Hemingway's spiritual life. This research also examines how Hemingway throughout depiction of his code hero and especially with the description of nada conception highlights the pessimistic view of the code hero and shows the position of early modern man in civilized society

Gorgan Branch 2 Assistant professor in Plant Physiology -Islamic Azad University of Iran -Gorgan Branch 3 Full Professor in Plant Physiology -Islamic

ABSTRACT The present study aimed at evaluation of putrescine treatment on growth factors of soybean (Glycine max L.) under drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG). Soybean seeds were planted and irrigated with five solutions (control, drought, PEG, Put, and PEG-Put). Then, growth factors (length and weight) of seedlings, root, shoot, stem, hypocotyl, first internode, and plant were measured. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA through Duncan Test at p≤0.05 in SPSS (Version 21) in three iterations. Graphs were drawn in Excel Software (Microsoft Office, 2010). The results obtained from the present study showed that putrescine could not have considerable effect to alleviate adverse effect of drought stress caused by PEG in soybean

Identifying Factors Influencing the Final Price of E-Books for Children and Adolescents from the Viewpoint of Publishers

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the final price of e-books in general and the cost of production that has an impact on the final price from the viewpoint of publishers. Methods: In this study, qualitative methodology was used. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The statistical population of the study was all publishers of e-books for children and adolescents, licensed by the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. Results: Factors that affect the final price of an e-book for the end-users include: the print counterparts, the stakeholders, the contents, the cost of producing the e-book, the profits and sales, and finally, the external environment. In addition, from the viewpoint of publishers, effective factors affecting the final production costs of e-books included IT costs, e-book distribution costs, specialist human resources on contents and technology, contents production costs, corporate fixed costs, and advertising and marketing costs. Originality: This study investigated the effective factors on the final price of e-books for children and adolescents, for the first time. Moreover, the production prices of an e-book affect the final price assigned based on the publishers’ viewpoint

The relationship between knowledge about ventilator associated pneumonia and priority of oral care

Introduction: The lack of enough oral care can expose patients to the risk of infection. Ventilator associated pneumonia is a nosocomial infection that is associated with aspiration of oropharyngeal content through passage around endotracheal tube. However، there are several oral care protocols and the association between poor oral hygiene and nosocomial infection has been showed، there is a little information about oral care procedures in intensive care units. Objective: To describe the relationship between knowledge about ventilator associated pneumonia and prioritization of oral care In Kerman University of Medical Sciences hospitals ICUs. Method: In this descriptive analytical study، intensive care nurse’s knowledge about Ventilator Associated Pneumonia، prioritizes of oral care and using evidence based methods for oral care of 131 nurses were surveyed by questionnaire. Chi-square، fisher exact test، T-test، ANOVA، Man-Whitney U and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used to analysis the data. Results: 45.6 percent of participants have used evidence based methods for oral care. The mean score of knowledge about ventilator associated pneumonia transmission was 9. 92±3. 76. There was significant relationship between using evidence based oral care methods and type of hospital with knowledge about ventilator associated pneumonia. There was also significant relationship between oral care methods with past learning about oral care and type of learning. The relationship between priority of oral care and knowledge about oral care methods was significant. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that having knowledge about ventilator associated pneumonia is related with more prioritization to oral care and using evidence based oral care methods Keywords: Knowledge, Ventilator Associated Pneumonia, Oral Care, Priorit

Risk assessment in tourism system using a fuzzy set and dominance-based rough set

The purpose of this study is to identify risks, discover rule base structure and the impact of risks by knowledge base system design in one of the Iran tourism destination. Based on tourism system approach, the factors of risks are divided in two dimensions: internal risks and external risks and seven criteria: political, economic, cultural-social, technological, environmental-health, functional and safe-security. Data were analyzed by fuzzy inference system and Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA) synthesizing to construction of forecasting risk assessment system. Tourists’ perspectives towards the possibilities of risks were first assessed within seven risk factors and converted into a systematic structure within the structure of rough sets. Designing of a fuzzy expert system was dealt with using the created knowledge database. Then, the system’s sensitivity analysis was examined. The results indicate that the system can be a good way to estimate the risks and their fluctuation rates and impacts on the development of tourism destinations. The technological, social, functional and safety-security risks had the highest values in the system designed for minimum travel repeatability. The research suggests that it is important impact of risks and their interaction with each other on the future development of tourism destination

Predictors of Quality of Life in Infertile Couples.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted with the aim of examines the quality of life of infertile couples and their relationship with the practical resilience of infertile couples referring to Yazd's centers of infertility. METHODS: This research is a descriptive-correlational study. The research population consisted of all infertile couples who referred to Infertility Centers in Yazd, Iran in the winter of 2016. Sampling was conducted in a non-random and accessible manner. The instrument used in the research included a) demographic information questionnaire, b) Conner and Davidson's Resilience Scale, and c) quality of life infertile couples questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 17 at a significant level of P < 0.05. To describe the data, descriptive statistics methods were used and the inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, regression, independent t test, and variance analysis) were used to test the research hypotheses. RESULTS: People (202 couples) participated in this research. Three variables of resilience (β = 0.04, P = 0.04), gender (β = -0.22, P < 0.001), and education level (β = 0.21, P < 0.001) had a prediction coefficient and there was a significant relationship with quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that resilience, gender, and education predict the quality of life of infertile couples. In the infertile couples counseling program, resilience should be considered as a coping factor. KEYWORDS: Couples; Infertility; Quality of lif

Comparison of centralized and non- centralized research projects outcomes in years1384 to 1386

In order to encourage of faculty members in Kerman University of medical science، the Research council approved an internal guideline for writing and performance of non- centralized research projects by faculties، research centers and committees based on their research activities. The purpose of this research was determination of outcomes of centralized and non- centralized research projects regard to scientific products and expenditures from May2005 to May 2007. In this study، all research projects records were studied and the necessary data entered in checklists. If the accuracy of the data in records was corrupted، the investigators were called and the information was collected. Sixty-four centralized and non- centralized research projects were included in the study. The most projects related to faculties from schools. The median of personnel cost was 13452700Rials in centralized projects and 8066092Rials in non-centralized projects .The median of total costs were 28705760 Rials and 12876935 reials in respectively. In regard to number of projects، kerman university of medical science not placed in the inter-quartile range among the first level ranking universities. seven papers from non- centralized projects and 9 papers from centralized projects on the basis of trapezoid table ،gained 77 and 117 scores respectively. In spite of that median of total expenditures in non-centralized projects were less than half of centralized projects but indices such as published papers ،participation in congress and seminars and etc ، were similar to centralized projects outcomes. This indicated increment in ability of investigators because non-centralized projects were not arbitrated in the research council but they had acceptable output. Hence، to increase the productivity and optimum usage of research financial resources، the policy of university research managers must be toward decentralizing and giving research authorities to colleges and research committees Keywords: Centralized, Non, centralized, scientific productions, Cos